Ekyasa ekya 20 kyali kiseera eky'okugonjoolera ddala ekibiina ky'abantu mu nsi yonna. Okuva mu biseera ebyasooka, okulwanagana n'okukugira obusosoze mu langi okusobola okumanyibwa mu by'okwetaba, ekiseera kino kyaleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu ngeri abantu gye bategeeramu obufumbo era gye baabufuga. Abakwasisa, bannamateeka, n'abantu aba bulijjo baawakanya amateeka agaba tegootaanya era ne baddira etteeka erikwata ku bufumbo mu ngeri etabangawo kimu. Ekitundu kino kinnyonnyola ebyo ebyaliwo mu kyasa ekya 20 nga kinnyonnyola enkyungizo ez'enkola y'obufumbo.

Ekyasa 20 Ekyasooka bwe Kyali Kitandika, Obuzibu Obusooka

Ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, amateeka g'obufumbo mu nsi nnyingi gaali ganyweredde nnyo mu langi, obusajja n'obututtumu. Mu Amerika, gavumenti asatu zaateekawo amateeka agaakugira obufumbo bw'abazungu n'obw'ebika ebirala. Era, amateeka mangi mu Bulaaya gaateeka amateeka mu butukuvu bw'eggwanga, wadde mu nsi nga South Africa, Provition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949) gaagaana obufumbo wakati w'abazungu n'ebika ebirala. Obufumbo era bwateekebwa mu mateeka ga bannaaweebwe ng'obusika obw'abaami: abakazi baatwalibwanga nga bannaabwe, nga balina eddembe okufunira ebintu oba okugattululwa.

Okusoomooza okwasooka ku mateeka gano kwasibuka mu nsibuko ez'enjawulo. Olukiiko olukulu olw'abakyala abafumbo, olwatandikibwawo mu 1909, lwatwala obusosoze mu langi mu bufumbo naye lwali lwampolampola. Ebibiina bya bakyala, naddala ebyo ebyalina akakwate n'obuami obwasooka, byaleetawo enkyukakyuka mu ddembe ly'ebintu by'abakazi abafumbo n'amateeka agagattululwa. Mu 1929, gavumenti ya Bungereza yatongoza obufumbo mu myaka 16, okusobola okugonjoola obutakkaanya ku nsonga ezikwata ku bufumbo. Bino ebyasooka byaleetawo okusoomooza okulala okutaasa okulala.

Ng'oggyeko okukugira obusosoze mu langi n'obusajja, enkolagana ez'okwetaba zaatwalibwanga mu nsi yonna nga nzibu oba nga za kikolwa kya ggwanga. Tewaaliwo mateeka agaaliwo okugattika abaami n'abakyala, era abantu abamu baalina okubonerezebwa ennyo nga basibibwa mu makomera oba okukakasibwa obujjanjabi. Ebibiina ebyasooka (nga byatandikibwawo mu 1946), nga bigoberera enkola y'obukaba ne Matachine Society (1950 mu Amerika), byatandika okulwanirira okugoba obukabakabakabaga, wadde nga n'okwenkanankanankana kwalina ewayiribiri. Endowooza eyaliwo mu kiseera ekyo yali egamba nti obufumbo buli musajja n'omukazi omu n'omukazi abadde yeeyisa mu ngeri egguddwako, era n'enjigiriza z'eby’amateeka.

Ekiwandiiko eky'Ekiruubirirwa eky'Okuyingira Obufumbo n’Eby'Okuyingira Obufumbo

Mu 1950 ne 1960, waaliwo okukyuka okw'amaanyi mu ntegeka z'obufumbo, nga kwaliwo okukaluubirizibwa olw'entalo z'abantu. Mu Amerika, okulwana n'amateeka agalwanyisa eddembe ly'obuntu kwafuuka ekifo ekikulu mu kifo eky'okulabira ddala. Omusango ogwabalukawo . Virginia [1967] [1967] ye yali enkomerero y'emyaka egy'okulwanirira eddembe lya bantu. Richard ne Mildred Lovery, ne Mildred Lovery, baalumizibwa mu 1958 olw'okumenya ebbeeyirigibwa Virginia. Oluvannyuma lw'okugoba Virginia, baatwala ensonga yaabwe mu kkooti enkulu, eyayawumba amateeka agafuga ensi yonna. K'ekitongole ekiyitibwa Ryanvart Caulter Carence, oba obutafumbirwa, mu 1958 nga baawunziganya omuntu omulala mu ggwanga omulala.[2][3]

Kukwatibwako kwa [[NT:0] Amateeka kweyongera ne ku kigero ekisingawo okuva ku Amerika. Yakubiriza abalwanyi b'amawanga amalala okussaawo amateeka agamu nga South Africa (ekyasaasaanyizibwako buwukanya na bukya Mixtensted Marriages Act mu 1985) ne Brazil (ekyalimu enjwankano za langi ez'enjawulo). Omusango era gwateekawo ekiragiro nti obufumbo bukkirizibwa mu mateeka, omusingi oluvannyuma gwagobererwa mu maka agamu. Kyokka, okuwakanya okulwana kwa maanyi. Eggwanga ezimu zaagezaako okubbabba ku mateeka mu ngeri endala ez'okwegatta abantu ab'ekinnyana, n'endowooza ez'abantu bonna, zaasigala nga zizeeyawulawo; nga 1991, okunoonyereza okw'okugobeesamba kwa Amerika kugiddwamu kulaga nti:

Ng'oggyeko Uganda, amawanga amalala gaalaba ku ebyo ebyaliwo. mu United Kingdom, ekitongole ekifuga enjawukana mu mateeka mu 1965 kyagaana obusosoze mu langi mu bifo ebya lukale naye nga tekigenderera kukwata bufumbo butereevu. Kyokka, okutunuulira obuwangwa bw'abantu ab'amawanga ag'enjawulo n'obw'amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Amerika kwakoma mpolampola okukomya obugwagwa bw'omugaso. Mu Canada, okugattika obusosoze mu mawanga tekwate okutuukira ddala mu 1970. Okulwanyisa obusosoze mu nkula y'obufumbo kyalaga nti eddembe ly'obufumbo tebwalina kuba nga buwandikiddwawo bugattingi bwa bantu kinnoomu naye nga bukyali buzibu ku ddembe okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi.

Okutandika kw’Ekiwandiiko ky’Okuyingira Obufumbo: Okuva ku Ssall Wall okutuuka ku Kutongozebwa mu Mateeka

LGBTQ+ ekitongole ekikolera ku kufumbiriganwa kigoberera ensibuko yaakyo mu mafundikira ga 1960, nga kizingiziddwa obwegugungo obwakolebwa mu kibuga New York mu 1969. Stone Wallw kyali olukalala lw'okweragazaamu olw'obutemu obwakolebwa LGBTQ+ abantu abawakanya obukambwe bwa poliisi, era kyaviirako ekibiina ekipya eky'okukolagana n'okulingana. Mu 1970, ebibiina nga Gay Compution Front ne Human Rights Cance (yatandikibwawo 1980) okutandika okukakaatiriza eddembe ly'obufumbo wadde nga abatunzi bangi ab'enkola ku by'obumenyi bw'amateeka baatayagala okubuttumbula oba okusoosattulula ebibi. [FLT:] [FLT:]

Mu 1970, waasooka kugezaako mu mateeka okugatta obufumbo mu Amereka, Richard Baker ne James Mcnell, bwe baasaba olukusa olw'obufumbo. Bwe kityo, Babaker v. Nelson, yatuuka ku kkooti enkulu mu 1972 naye ne bagaanibwa “olw'obutaba na nsonga ya maanyi mu ggwanga.” Kkooti okugaana okuwulira ensonga eyo kyakkirizibwa okunnyonnyola bulungi ebitongole ebigikwata nti obufumbo bwe bulina kyebugatta. Kino kyaleetera ekiragiro okukola ekiteeso: okumala emyaka esatu egiddako, ebibiina ebisinga obungi ebya LGBTQ+ bye essira ku kufuna obuyambi n'obuteesobo.

Mu 1980 waaleeta okusoomooza okulala n'obuyambi obulala. Akabenje ka AIDS kaasaanyawo LGBTQ+ abantu, naye era kaalaga nti tewaaliwo bukuumi bwa mateeka eri abafumbo abaayenda mu ngeri y'emu. Partners yagaana eddembe ly'okukyalira amalwaliro, obusika, ne miganyulo gya insuwalensi. Mu kukola kino, abalwanyi baawalirizibwa okumenya amateeka agakwata ku nkolagana y'amaka. San Francisco yayisa etteeka eryo eryasooka mu 1982, ne kireendwano zaayo. Mu 1990, ensi eziwerako za Scandinavia (1993), Norway (1993), Sweden (19959), zaaweendwawo) okugattirwa okukkirizibwa okwasobozesa obufumbo okusobola okutangirira ddala. Bino tebyakolebwanga mitendera mu 1982 nga kukolebwa kukwatanyisibuka ssematalo omuvanjuba.

Mu Amerika, 1990s wabaddewo enkyukakyuka mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Kkooti enkulu ey'omu Hawaii yasala olukumbo mu Baehr v. Lewin (1993) nti abafumbo abagattibwa bayinza okumenya amateeka agafuga. Kino kyaleetawo ekirango kya bufuzi. Convention kyayisawo Defense of Marriat [DOM]] (DOMA) mu 1996, ekitegeeza obufumbo wakati w'omusajja n'omukazi olw'ebigendererwa bya gavumenti, era ne kirekasezza ebiwandiiko by'obufumbo ebiva mu mawanga amalala. Pulezidenti Bill Clinn, yakiteeka mu mateeka oluvannyuma n'okugamba nti, naye obufumbo olwo tebwalinawo. Kyokka, Netherlands yatongolaanyezebwa mu ggwanga eri wakati w'enkola eyo mu ku kukolebwa mu bujjuvu mu myaka nga 2000 2000.[20]

Entalo Enkulu mu by’Omu Mateeka mu 1990

Mu 1990 era waaliwo emisango emikulu mingi mu kkooti egw'oku Blandebwawo mu Amerika. Mu Canada, kkooti ekola APPPUUF mu South Africa yasala mu . h. (1999) nti abafumbo ab'eb'obukaba era balina okwegatta ku nsonga zino ezibakwatako. Kino kyasobozesa obufumbo okuba n'obwenkanankana mu 2005. Mu South Africa, ekitongole ekimanyiddwa nga Ppast-pasttheid, ekikkiriziddwa mu 1996, kyagaana obusosoze ku bikwata ku kwegatta, ne kisobozesa ensi okukkirizibwa okukola ekyo. Kyokka, kyakolebwa okutuukira mu 2006 eri kkooti y'ebitongole enzikkiriza obufumbo obukkirizibwa mu [FF:]

Endowooza Ennuŋŋamu Ekwata ku Bufumbo

Mu kyasa ekya 20 tewaaliwo kibiina kya Bulaaya kyokka ekyali kituukiriza ebigendererwa by'obufumbo. Mu Amerika ow'ebukiikaddyo, ensi nga Argentina ne Brazil zaamanya nti enkolagana y'okugatta abannamugatte bannannyini. Ekiragiro kya Cuba ekya 1976 kyalimu okukakasibwa okw'enjawukana wadde nga n'okutuukiriza ebigendererwa. mu Asiya, Japan ne Taiwan zaali zikola nga LGBTQ+ , naye nga mu kyasa ekya 21. Mu Buyindi mwalimu okukitegeera nti obulyinjabi bw'okulya ebisiyawuka olw'okulya ebisiyawuka ate nga n'okugatta tekukyaliwo.

Mu Afirika, embeera yali nnyangu nnyo. Amawanga mangi gaakuuma amateeka ga bannaago okuva ku nsi ezaalwanira ddala mu buwaŋŋanguse (2029) nga gaasikirwa ebiragiro ebya Bungereza oba Abafalansa. Kyokka, oluvannyuma lw'okuteekawo ssemateeka waaddayiri, obwa ssemateeka wa South Africa gaayamba nnyo mu kunyweza eddembe ly'obuntu. Okulwanirira eddembe ly'obufumbo mu nsi endala mu Australia.[FON] Olwaw'eggwanga lya Australia.[FL:1][199]

Bulaaya yakubawo okukulaakulana. Kkooti ya Bulaaya ekola ku ddembe ly'abantu mu [FLT] Schalk ne Kopf v. Austria (2010), yagaana okwenkanankana naye yamanya nti abafumbo ab'obukaba benkanankana baatwalibwa ng'abalina eddembe ly'okutambulira mu maka. Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 20, Netherlands yokka ye yali ewambyeyo mu bujjuvu naye nga n'obuwangwa bwe bumu weetaanye mu Denmark, Sweden, Icelandrea, Finland, Finland, Finland, ne Bungereza. Buli ggwanga lyalina eŋŋendo z'eby'eby'obufuzi era n'amaanyi g'ebitongole ebikola by'obutujjuzi.

Ebibiina Ebifuba Okulwanirira Eddembe ly’Obufumbo

Mu kyasa ekya 20 waaliwo ebibiina by'abakungu abakwata ebiwambiddwa oba ebiwambirwa enzijanjaba. Mu Amerika, Harvey Milky (1930/1978) yali omu ku bakungu abaasooka okulonda abaddu abaddugavu mu ggwanga. Omuduumizi b'obukaba mu San Francisco yalwanirira LGBTQ era n'attibwa mu 1978. Obusika bwe bwaluŋŋamya omulembe gwe obwalimu abalwanyiikivu. Bard Rustain[[[FL:] (112197]), omukulembe w'omukungu wa Kagga Washington, era yali mukungu wa gavumenti eyalyaŋŋanwa mu ggwanga lyonna eryali mu mwaka gwa 1963 mu Washington, wadde nga yalina essosososososososo.

Ebibiina nga [[NKULU:0] BY'EY'OKUKOLA [AIDS Colition to Untash Power, yatandikibwawo 1987] byakozesa enkola ey'enkukanya okusuubira okuvuzibwa n'okumanyibwa mu mateeka eri abantu abalina AIDS n'ab'omu maka gaabwe. Lambda [yayisobosebwa] [197], ne [[FLT:][FLY][5][FLY][F] Kino kyaleetera ebikolo ebisinga obungi, nga ok'omutindo nga [FLT].[FFOLT] [F][5] [2][FF], ekyafuuka ekitongole [FOMB]

Mu nsi yonna, ennamba eziringa Eventy Windsor[[FL:1] [1929-2017] Kino kyafuuka bubonero obw'olutalo olwo. Wadde nga yawangulwa mu kkooti enkulu ([[FL:2]] United States v. Wiml[[[FL:]], 2013) yaleetawo ekitongole mu kyaka kya 2000, ekyayo eky'omu mateeka ekya DOMA kye kyazimbibwa ku makumi g'emyaka ag'ekikolwa. [[FLT:] mu Netherlands, [[FLT:]]Henrol[FL:] ne COC] amateeka agaakulagibwa mu bufumbo. [FLT:]

Obutuuze n’Ebifo Ebitasangibwamu

Ekintu ekikulu kye tuyiga okuva mu kyasa ekya 20 kwe kukola emikago mu bibiina by'ensi ebitali bimu ebikola ku nsonga z'obwenkanya. Okulwanirira okwawula amawanga mu nkyukakyuka z'abafumbo kyasikirizibwa ku nzirukanya y'enkola z'entegeka z'abantu, ng'ate ekibiina LGBTQ+ kyaganyulwa mu bibiina by'abakazi okuteebwa oba okulwana entalo mu 1970. Okugoba empaka okw'eggwanga nga [FLLL:0] LBTQ+ Call (yatwalibwa nga 1973]) era byayamba okuggyawo empakankanizo wakati w'eggwanga n'okugaba okw'okwetaba. Kyokka, enkaayaanyi nazo zaaliwo, kubanga abakulembeze abamu mu n'abo abaakola entegeka z'abasosoze mu mawanga baali banna n'obusosoze.

Obuzibu mu by’Omu Mateeka ne mu by’Enkolagana y’Abantu mu Kyasa 20 Ekyasembayo

Wadde nga waaliwo enkulaakulana ey'amaanyi mu kyasa ekya 20, waaliwo okusoomooza okw'amaanyi ku bikwata ku nfuna z'abantu. Mu Amerika, enkola ya DOMA mu 1996 yagobererwa “obufumbo obwakoma”. Omwaka gwa 2000 we gwatuukira, amagavumenti 35 gaateekawo amateeka oba okukomya obuwagizi obwali bukugira obufumbo bw'abantu ab'ekikula eky'ekikula. Ebikaawuka eby'enjawulo ebyagamba nti obufumbo bw'omuntu okusangibwa mu bufumbo bugenda mu kabi. Ekkanisa y'Abakatuliki, Convenst Baptist Convention, n'amadiini amalala amalala gaakuŋŋaanya kaweefube, nga mw'otwalidde “Okuwonya Abaana Besuk'Abaana" n'abantu.

Mu nsi yonna, bannabyabufuzi baaleetera obusosoze mu Russia okukasuka mu bulyi bw'ebisiyaga mu 1993, naye endowooza z'abantu zaasigala nga za bulabe era n'okulingana tekutwalibwa ng'ekintu ekikulu. Mu Bulaaya ow'ebuvanjuba, enkyukakyuka ez'enfumbo oluvannyuma lw'okugatta abafumbo zaaleetawo enkyukakyuka mu ddiini ezaayongera okunyweza ebifo by'obuwangwa n'eby'obufumbo. Mu nsi nnyingi ez'omu Buwalabuvanjuba ne Asiya, obukaddiri obuwangwa bw'obuka obwa bulijjo obwabanga bugendera ku mpisa z'omu kitundu ne ku ddiini, era nga but'obuwangwa bw'obuwangwa bw'obunnaabwo obutasobola kuleetawoko nkyukakyuka mu bya bufuzi bw'obuwampunga.

Abatuuze abamu mu kibiina ky'Eby'amateeka baagezaako okuleetawo okusoomooza okutali kumu mu nsi ezimu nga bawakanya eky'okutandikawo obufumbo nga bagamba nti kaweefube ono yali kkanisa eyinza okuggya amaanyi mu nsonga z'eby’obulamu, eby'obujjanjabi, n'eby'ettemu.

Engeri Enkola y’Eby’Ebigambo n’Eby’Obulango

Mu by'empuliziganya ne pop mu bitundu ebya bulijjo, programu za ttivi zikola kinene nnyo mu kukyusa endowooza abantu gye balina ku nfuna z'obufumbo. Mu 1990, programu za ttivi zifaananako: “Raseanne” ne“Elizaaya yalaga obubonero n'enkolagana wakati w'abasodookisi, nga bifuula abafumbo abafaananyi abafaananyi abafaananya ebisiyaga n'abaagasodooti. Firimu ya 1998 Firimu ya Gorigi [[FLT:] Bancot [AFLT] [1901] [Ang Leeve] [All:1] [yalina okunoonyereza] (yalina obuzibu obw'okugatta ebitundu eby'omu n'omuka) mu Taiwan, era n'empagiro ezikwatagana n'enkyukakyuka eziragibwa mu kifo kya bayimbiri mu Taiwan. Olupapula lw'olupapula lwazi olw'ebitundu ebya bulijjo era ne mu 1999, olwo lwazibyamagattiroose.

Eby’Obusika n’Ebyetaagisa mu Kyasa 21

Virginia oluvannyuma yakozesebwa mu era n'ekyasa ekya 20 okukyusiza ddala enkola y'obufumbo. Omusingi nti obufumbo bukulu nnyo. (2017) (20: 15) era bukkirizibwa mu United States. era bukkirizibwa mu bitundu bya Bulaaya, ne mu bitundu bya Latini. Ekibuuzo ebyateekebwawo mu kyasa ekya 20.[5]

Ekyasa ekya 20 era kyayigiriza nti ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly'obufumbo bisobola okuba eby'omuganyulo ennyo singa birwanirira obwenkanya mu bufumbo. Endwadde ezikwata ku kugattika abantu ab'enjawulo, obufumbo obw'ekikula ekimu, n'okwenkanankana ekigatta ekirimu ebitundu by'ekikula ekimu: okusoomooza okw'ensi okukomya amaanyi g'okufuga enkolagana ennungi. Okweyongera mu maaso, omulembe guno oguddako ogw'abo abeenyigira mu nsonga z'obufumbo gujja kweyongera okuleetera abantu okweyongera okuba n'okwenkanankanankana mu bujjuvu, si mu bufumbo mwokka, naye mu buli ngeri yonna ereeteezaako eddembe ly'abantu.

Buli kitundu kyava mu Virginia eri abantu ab'omu Denmark ne kisigalamu bannaabwe abeeyisa mu ngeri ey'obugwenyufu. Buli kimu ku ebyo ebyakolebwanga ku ddembe ly'obufumbo kyalaga nti baawangula okutya n'obusosoze. Ekkubo eryo teryasibuka ku lunyiriri lwa njawulo, naye bwe liba nga ttumbulwa, lisigalamu bukakafu obulaga nti abantu aba bulijjo balina okukolagana obulungi n'abalala.