Eddembe Lyo mu Buyigirize: Akulembera Ekiruubirirwa kya Nnannyini Gavumenti

Enjigiriza y'ensibuko y'obuyambi, era okukuumibwa kw'eddembe ly'abantu kukakasa nti okutuuka ku musingi ogwo tekuzibiddwa busosoze, busosoze, oba okukugira enkola. K'obe ng'oli muyizi, muzadde, oba musomesa, okutegeera eddembe lyo mu mateeka mu nteekateeka z'obuyigirize kikulu nnyo okusobola okusemba amateeka agafuga empandika, obuwagizi, era n'okutegeeza enkola ezikuuma eddembe ly'abantu mu masomero ne mu matendekero g'omu Amerika.

Amateeka Agakuuma Abayizi

Amateeka agasinga obukulu agakuuma abaana obutasomera ku ssomero nga basoma gazingiramu:

  • [[AGUMENT:0] Etttude VI ku kaadi y'Eddembe ly'Eddembe lya gavumenti mu 1964 – Provitusssociation extension association process, ettude, oba enzijanjaba yonna eweebwa obuyambi bwa gavumenti mu by'ensimbi.
  • [[NT:0] Umutwe ow'omu ttuluba ly'enjigiriza lya 1972 – Prohibits obusosoze mu by'okwetaba obuva mu mpagiro z'eggwanga. Umutwe IX gukwata ku kutulugunya abaana mu by'okwetaba, ettemu, okusosola mu by'embuto, n'okuyisa obulungi abaddusi mu mizannyo ne mu masomero agatendekeddwa.
  • [[Act:0] Okutoola 504 ku Act of Rehabilitation Act eya 1973 – kikuuma abo abalina ebisaanyizo abalina obukosefu ate nga tebalina busosoze mu programu ez'okufuna ssente eza gavumenti. Kitwetaagisa amasomero okusobola okuteekawo aw'okusula n'enteekateeka ezikkirizibwa okutuuka.
  • [[AML:0]Americans Act (ADA) eya 1990 – kye kimu n'obuteeyambi eri ebibiina bya gavumenti, nga mw'otwalidde n'amasomero ga gavumenti, ka kibeere nga kiwansi kiwansi ki. Umutwe II ku ADA gufuga amasomero ne yunivasite za gavumenti.
  • [[AK'AKA] Akakwakkuliro ak'ebbaluwa ey'okwesomesa (EOA) aka 1974[[FULT:1] – Ekiragiro kino kituukirira amasomero okubaako ne bye gakolawo okusobola okuvvuunuka enkonge eziremesa abayizi okwenyigira mu mirimu nga mw'otwalidde n'obukuumi eri abo abeesomesa olulimi Olungereza.
  • [[AKM:0] Eddembe ly'Abazadde era n'Aka 'FAY' – kukuuma obuwandiike bw'empandiika z'obuyigirize obwa bulijjo ez'omu maka era kiwa abazadde n'abayizi abasaanira eddembe okusobola okutambula, okumanyisa, n'okubikkulira ddala.

Amateeka ago gakolaganira wamu ne kisobozesa buli muyizi mu Amerika okufuna eddembe ly’okwesalirawo.

Enkolagana y’Abayizi n’Enkizo Ezandiyambye

Eddembe ly’Okwogera n’Okwogera

Abayizi b'essomero tebafiirwa ddembe lyabwe ery'okusooka okuwummuzibwa ku mulyango gw'essomero. Kkooti ey'oku ntikko ya Amerika ey'oku ntikko baakiraga nti abayizi bayinza okwogera endowooza zaabwe, okwambala engoye ez'akabonero, era ne beetaba mu mirembe kasita okwogera okwo tekutabangula buyigirize oba okumenya e ddembe ly'abalala. Amasomero gayinza okukugira ebigambo eby'obugwenyufu, ebikontana n'amateeka, oba ebikubiriza enzigibwamu mu ssomero (nga bwe biri mu bitabo ebitongole), naye okusosola okw'okusosola tekukkirizibwa. [[FLT:]] Amasomero gayinza okukugira ennyiikeko z'eby'obufuzi, eby'enkola ez'omu n'eddiini, ekifo, n'enkugirwa mu ngeri ennungi.

Eddembe ly’Okweyama n’Ebyo Ebiri mu Biwandiiko by’Abayizi

FERPA awa abazadde n'abayizi abagwana (nga baakaweza emyaka 18 oba okugenda mu kkolero ery'oluvannyuma lw'okusekondaali) eddembe ery'okwekenneenya n'okwejjukanya ebiwandiiko by'essomero, okulambula, n'okusemba ebiba bitegeezebwa. Amasomero galina okutegeeza amaka ku ddembe ly'abayizi, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebyuma ebikola ku madaala ne kompyuta, era nga gasinziira ku ku ku kuteebereza obukyamu ku mateeka oba amateeka, naye omusingi ogw'okugobererwa kw'okusatuuzibwa kw'essomero guba mutono okusinga omutemwa gw'okukuza amateeka.

Okukuuma Obusosoze n’Okutulugunyizibwa

Ebisomero byetaaga okusobola okuyiga ebintu ebireetawo emirembe mu nsi yonna nga tebirina busosoze.

Enkizo n’Ebisalewo Ebitasobola Kulongooka

Mu Lukalala 504 ne ADA, abayizi abaliko obulemu balina obuyinza okusomera ku bwereere obuyigirize bwa bonna (FAPE) era n'okwenyigira mu programu z'essomero nga bali wamu ne bannaabwe abatali banafu, mu ngeri esaanira. Mu nteekateeka ezikkirizibwa muyinza okubaamu ebiseera ebiwerako mu kukebera, tekinologiya ow'enkola, obuwagizi, obuwyiro, obusaawa obugenda mu muntu, n'obuwagizi obw'enjawulo. Scholssssssss trandrol zisobola okuzigya mu programu yonna ereetebwawo olw'obulema bwonna[[ singa omuyizi atuukiriza ebisaanyizo ebyetaagisa okubeera n'okugenda mu kifo eky'enjawulo mu kifo eky'okufuniramu okuyigiriza abantu ekiri mu kifo eky'omulembe. Abasomero (IDI) baweebwa programu zennyini ezisengekesaamu (E).

Embalirira n’Omutwe Ogufuga Emitwe Egitali Gimu

Ziraga engeri yonna ez'okwerinda abantu nga bayitira mu mizannyo. Mu masomero ago mulimu enkola ez'eby'enjigiriza, ez'okusembyayo, ez'okusomebwa, n'ez'okugobererwa. Amasomero galina okutegeeza omukwanaganya wa Umutwe IX era n'akwasisa era ne gawandiisa enkola ez'okusiikiriza obusosoze mu by'okwetaba. Okutuluguza n'ettemu ku kwetabaganya, obusosoze mu by'okwetaba na buno busosoze. Abagoba mu by'obuyigirize balina obuyinza okusobola okuwanirira emitindo gy'okusemba oba okuziteeka mu kifo ekibaawerebwa obukendeezebwa oba okubutuukiriza emirimu egiragiddwawo.

Enneeyisa y’Abayizi Abangereza n’Abayizi Abagwira

EEOA ne Plyler v. Doe (19982) kiba kyetaagisa amasomero okusobola okukkirizibwa mu kifo kye kimu kasobozese. amasomero ga gavumenti tegasobola kugaana kutongoza mu ggwanga ly'omuyizi oba muzadde. Amasomero galina okumanya abo abasoma Olungereza era ne gawa amasomero agayigiriza obulungi era ne gasobola okubayamba okwenyigira mu programu y'ebiwandiiko by'esomero. newakubadde abakozi baabwe tebeetaasaseetaaseetaaseezebwa kukaka kukaka mateeka ga nnamba agakwata ku by'okuva mu ggwanga.[, era tegasobola kukola mu ngeri nti ab'enjigiriza banna bannaggwanga bannabwenya.

Eddembe ly’Eddiini n’Ebifo by’Okubeeramu

Abayizi balina eddembe okwogera enzikiriza zaabwe ez'eddiini mu ssomero nga mw'otwalidde okusaba, okunyumya, n'ebibinja by'eddiini (nga bifugibwa enzikkiriza empanvu). Amasomero gayinza obutawagira oba okusekerera eddiini yonna. Abayizi bayinza okusaanizibwa okwenyigira mu bintu ebikontana n'enzikiriza zaabwe, era amasomero galina okuteekawo ebifo ebimala okusobola okuteekawo obulombolombo bw'eddiini, gamba ng'eby'okuteekako etteeka, eby'okwambala n'okunoonyereza ku nnaku entukuvu. Schoolsoolsol ziteekwa okukakasa nti tewali muyizi yenna awalirizibwa okwenyigira mu nteekateeka z'eddiini oba okuyigirizibwa mu by'eddiini.

Okukangavvula, Enkola y’Okukangavvula n’Empologozo

Abayizi abagenda okuweebwa oba okugobebwa balina eddembe erikkirizibwa mu nkola y'okugobererwa, nga mw'otwalidde okumanya obujulizi, n'obujulizi obw'ennaku ez'enjawulo. Amasomero okukakaatika ku ludda lwe baba bawandiikiddwa (10+ ennaku nga bagobeddwa mu kibiina oba okugobererwa, era n'okugobererwa mu ngeri endala, ebitongole byagootaanya okusobola okuwulira obulungi. Okussaawo enkola ezikwata ku nkola z'okubonerezebwa nga tofumitiddwako ku mbeera ezibadde zigezesako, era nga byeyongera okusoomooza omuyizi omulimu. ] Bikwata ku ngeri y'okutereeza endowooza z'abantu, gamba ng'obwenkanya n'okweyisa mu ngeri ennungi, byeyongera okukkirizibwa.

Engeri y’Okubuuliramu Abalala Obusosoze era n’Okwenoonyeza Okubayamba

Abayizi, abazadde, oba abakozi abalowooza nti essomero limenya amateeka agakwata ku ddembe ly’abantu, balina engeri nnyingi ez’okuwaayo n’okugagolola.

Emirimu gy’Essomero Lyange

Ebifo ebisinga obungi eby'amasomero n'ebitongole ebitendekeddwamu obuyigirize obwa waggulu bitaddewo enkola eziviirako obusosoze. Okutandikira ku mukwanaganya w'eddembe ly'abantu mu ssomero (atera okuyitibwa Mukwanaganya w'Emitwe Egituuti, Ekitundu 504, oba omukwanaganya w'obukulembeze). Kino kiwandiise byonna ebibaddewo nga biwandikidde[[ nga mwe muli n'okugobererwa, n'okutegeeza abakungu ba ssomero. Koppa enkola eno okukakasa nti okwemulugunya kwo kuwandiikiddwa mu mateeka oba okunoonyereza. Singa essomero zirebwa bulungi, ojja kweyongera ku bibiina eby'ebweru.

Nga njogerako n’Ekitongole ky'Eby’Enjigiriza mu Amerika ku Bulaaya Gavumenti (OCR)

OCR ewanyisa omutwe VI, omutwe IX, Ekitundu 504, n'amateeka amalala agafuga eddembe ly'abantu mu by'enjigiriza. Buli muntu ayinza okuteeka obwogeranyo ku OCR. Ebbeesa kiteekwa okusalibwawo mu nnaku 180 ez'okusalirwa olusoso olw'okusalibwa omusango (obululu bukkirizibwa olw'ensonga ennungi). OCR esobola okukebera ebikolebwa mu masomero okusobola okutereeza ebiba bikoleddwa, nga mw'otwalidde n'enkyukakyuka mu nkola za gavumenti, okutendeka, n'okujjanjaba abantu. [[FLD:0] Ekiragiro kino kirembewombega OCR[[FLD:1]

Okusanyukira awamu n’Ekitongole Ekiramuzi mu Amerika (DOJ)

DOJ eyinza okuleeta amateeka okusaanyawo eddembe ly'abantu mu by'enjigiriza, naddala mu nsonga ezizingiramu enkola oba obusosoze. Abantu kinnoomu bayinza okutegeeza Eddembe ly'Eddembe K'eddembe lya DOJ okulaga ebizingirwamu. DOJ era n'eyunga ne OCR ku nsonga ezimu.

Emirimu gy’Okwetegekera n’Eby’Eby’Eby’Obulaguzi

Eggwanga lirina obusobozi bwabwe ku ddembe ly'obuntu oba obuwagizi obwali bukaka abantu okussaawo amateeka agafuga obutasosola. Amateeka g'ensi gayinza okubawa obukuumi obwa waggulu okusinga amateeka ga gavumenti (nga gasinziira ku ngeri gye beegattaamu oba okwetaba okw'ekikula). Tuukiriza obutongole bwa gavumenti bwo obw'obuyigirize oba obwa munnamateeka w'eggwanga okufuna obulagirizi ku ngeri y'okweemulugunya kw'omu kitundu.

Okutuukiriza Ebisaanyizo by’Omunda n’Okutandikawo Ebibiina Ebikola ku by’Eby’Eby’Okwesalirawo

Abayizi era bayinza okukomyawo mu kkooti nga bagoberera amateeka ga gavumenti agakwata ku ddembe ly'abantu (nga omutwe IX oba Ekitundu 504) okunoonya obuyambi, ebisasulwa, n'ebbanja bya munnamateeka. Ebibiina ebitafuna ssente zenkana ] ACLU n'Es'Essomero lya National Awalimusmus[ Biwandikiro ebikkirizibwa mu mateeka, ebiwandikiro, ebisinzibwa obutongole, n'obuwagiziko.

Okufaayo Ennyo ku Bayizi ab’Enjawulo ez’Enjawulo

Abayizi Ba langi

Obusosoze mu langi busigala nga bukulu nnyo mu by'obuyigirize bwa Amerika. Abayizi aba langi bayinza okusosolwa ennyo, okusattululwa obunene, okutulugunyizibwa mu by'enkola, n'okutulugunyizibwa mu masomero. Okutegeera nti bannaggwanga, Abasipensi, ne bannazaani ba Amerika bawanikibwa era ne bagobebwa bwe bageranyizidwa ne bannamukadde olw'ensonda ze zimu. Title VI ekwetaagisa amasomero okutereeza enjawukana mu langi oba mu ngeri endala ez'ekikula.

LGBTQ+ Abayizi

Kkooti ezikola ku by'obuwandike n'ebitongole eby'Essomero mu Amerika binnyonnyola bulungi omutwe gw'ekibiina okusobola okukuuma abaana obutasosolwa nga basinziira ku ngeri gye batunuuliramu oba ekyo ekibakwatako. Kino kitegeeza nti okusoberwa, okugaanibwa okugenda mu bifo ebikwatagana n'ekyama ky'omuyizi, era n'okubusibe kiyinza okutegeeza obusosoze mu by'okwetaba. Amasomero galina okuwa omuyizi ekitiibwa erinnya ly'omuyizi n'amannya gamu gatandiikiina gadde ku lukalala olumu, era ne kisobozesa omuyizi okutambula okutambula nga yeetawumbiddwako okwetaba. [[FLT][FLTQ]

Abayizi Abalina Obulema

Bwe kiba nga tekigasa kusuzibwa walala wonna, abayizi abaliko obulemu balina eddembe okuteesaamu olw'okutulugunyizibwa oba okwesasuza. Amasomero galina okukakasa nti enkola ez'okukangavvula tezibonereza nkola z'omuyizi ezirimu obulema. Abayizi ab'enjawulo, okuteekateeka obukodyo obw'enjawulo, okulambuzaamu obuwanvu obw'eby'enjigiriza kukwetaagisa nga tewannabaawo kusibibwa oba okugobererwa. Buno bwo bulaga nti wabaawo we buwandikiro oba emirimu egikolebwa ku kompyuta, ebikolerwako, oba ebyo ebikolebwa ku kompyuta biteekwa okukakasa nti omuyizi omuli we buwandikiro oba eby'okusinzira ku mikutu gy'awulizibwa.

Abayizi Abafuna olubuto n’Okuzaala Abaana

Munsi ya Tittut IX, abayizi abali olubuto tebasobola kuggibwa mu programu yonna ey'obuyigirize, nga mw'otwalidde n'okukuza abaana abassoosa, emirimu egikolebwa oluvannyuma lw'amasomero oba essomero. Amasomero galina okuwa abaana olukusa olw'obujjanjabi bwe baweebwa nga beetisse n'okuzaala. Bwe baddayo, omuyizi aba lubuto akomezebwawo mu mbeera gye yabangamu nga tannagenda. Era n'abazadde nabo bakuumibwa.]; amasomero galina okuwasa obujjanjabi obw'akasembesebwa nga bwe babadde bazzeeko obyusiza omwana we we we we.

Abayizi Abataawebwa era Abataaweerera mu Nsi

Kkooti enkulu esalawo Plyler v. Doe era kyeyoleka kaati nti eggwanga teriyinza kugaana baana kutwala buyigirize bwa gavumenti okusinziira ku mbeera y'obutuuze. Amasomero tegayinza kusaba biwandiiko ebisobola okulaga omuyizi oba ab'omu maka ge we bakkirizibwa okubeera mu kifo ekimu okukkirizibwa mu ssomero. Schools bye bibeera ebisalo bya bukuumi eriwandikiddwa eri abayizi abava mu nsi endala[, era abakungu tebasaanidde kukkiriza bannannyini mulimu gwa kukwata ku bannabizigibwa b'obubunnansi nga tewali kiragiro kiragiro. Amasomero galina okuteekawo obubaka mu nnimi nnyingi okusobola okusobola okutuuka kutuuka ku b'akagibwa.

Okuziyiza n’Okukyusa Enkola y’Okwawula Abalala

Okwemulugunya kinnoomu kukulu, naye okukyuka kwa sistemu kukulu nnyo okusobozesa enzivuunula ez'ebiseera byonna. Amasomero gasaanidde okuteekawo obusobozi bw'okwesala ku nkola zaabwe, enkola ez'okusalamu obusobozi, obusobozi, obuyigirize obw'enjawulo, n'okukubeewa kw'okubeewa kw'abaana okusobola okugonjoola obutasobozaamu bannabyabuzi abo ababi[; bizingiramu okuteeka mu bifo we bafunira obuwandisi obutuufu obw'enjawulo. Obukuumi obuli mu nsonga ezibabulamu abaana abo abasobola okuganyula abaana.

Ekifo ky’Abafuzi n’Abakulu b’Amasomero

Abakulu mu matendekero, abakungu, n'abakulu b'amasomero balina obuvunaanyizibwa mu mateeka era n'olw'ensonga z'enkola okusobola okukakasa nti bagoberera amateeka agakwata ku ddembe ly'abantu.

Omuyizi era Omuyigiriza

Abayizi bayinza okukola ebika by'abantu okuwa obujulirwa ku nsonga ezikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu, okulwanirira enkyukakyuka mu nkola z'amateeka, n'okuwagira bannaabwe ababasosolwa. Ebibiina n'obukiiko bw'abasomesa, obukiiko obukola ku by'obusosoze, ne kampasi ezikola ku bantu mu biwayi by'ebitongole bya gavumenti, biba bya maanyi nnyo okusobola okuwoza ebiwandiiko ebisinziirwako. Okumanya kye bayinza okubuuza ku lutalo olwo kibali kitundu ekifuga ; eby'obugagga nga ekitongole ekikola ku by'enjigiriza by'enjigiriza Bimanyiraboodo Empalo Za Gwo ebifuga empagibwa

fundikira

Okukuumibwa kw'eddembe ly'enjigiriza si kwe kukakasibwa; kukkirizibwa mu mateeka nti buli muyizi alina okuba ng'asobola okukola dduyiro awatali kutya.