Okutandika

Enjigiriza ey'okugattanya ekkirizibwa ng'emu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga okubaawo mu mateeka ga Amereka. Ng'ayitira mu macancer gaayo, obukasimu obwateekebwa mu Bill of Rights , eddembe ery'okwogera, obusobozi obw'okutambula n'ebyokulwanyisa, obukugirwa obutakwatibwa n'obuswayiringi, bwakolebwa okusingirwa ku gavumenti, okuzza enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti n'omutuuze omu. Enkyukakyuka eno teyakolebwa mu mbagirawo jjo, era teyakolebwa mu nvumbo. Yakolebwa mu lukalala lwa kkooti enkulu era, yayisibwa bubi okuyitira mu kunoonyereza okutajjulukuka kwa bannaggulu abawaze mu kkooti enkulu. Kino kyakolebwa mu ngeri enfunze okusobozesa okunnyonnyola ensonga enkulu ennyo.

Enkula ya Amicus

Enfumo enfumo mu kugatta olukalala lwa pulitus zitegeerekeka bulungi nga tewakyaliwo njigiriza eyo ey'enfuukafuuka. Emboozi etandika ne [[FLT]]] Barron v. Baltimore[] [1833] [[FLT]] [19], mu ngeri nti Omulamuzi Omukulu John Marshall yali akkiriza nti eddembe erya Gwatuttuse likolera ku gavumenti y'ensi eno yokka, ne lireka et'entegeka nga tezirinfugibwa na mateeka. Okutegeera kuno kweyongera okutuusa mu kiwandikiro ekya Bbaalimu ekitegekebwa mu 1868, ekyasuubiza okukola enkyukakyuka mu maanyi wakati w'eby'amasaza. Kyokka, Kkootikko kyatongoddewo okukko. Kyokka, mu kusooka ensonga enkulu yayisaamu obungi ku ku ku kugibwawookebwa, oba okukebwa mu ngeri ezimanyiddwa ennyo.[F][5][5][3]][3][3]

Kkooti yakigaana. Ebiwandiiko ebyo okugattika nti Kkooti ey'ekkumi n'ena [Kikumi] yawa ekiragiro ekya Kkooti okuwa etteeka eryali lirina okukkirizibwa mu mateeka ga gavumenti. Ekiragiro kyatandika n'ebigambo ebya [FLT]][1][FLT] v. New York[ [1925] [[FLT]] [19] [19] [19], gye kyakomangawo olukalala ku nsonga eyo mu ngeri nti, Consoleteesaawo Kko yakkiriza, ne kuyisa ebiragiro bino ebyakolebwa mu ngeri y'ensonga ez'enjawulo.[F][3][3][3][5][F][3][3][3][4][5][F][4][4]

Enkola ya Amicus

Ng'Ekiwandiiko ekyo bwe kyatandika okubuuza ebibuuzo eby'amaanyi ebibuuziddwa, omuze ogw'okusemba empandika enfumo mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Enfumo enfumo eza kika kya kika kya '[[FL:0]] Speempera, ezikkiriza omuntu yenna oba ekintu kyonna okuyingiza ekiwandiiko mu nzikiriza z'ebipandeesa oba okulekawo mu kiwandiiko. Enzijjuvu zifugibwa amateeka ga Rooma, naye nga gye gakomyewo, ne kikomyawo enkola y'ensonga ey'okuyisa olukiiko olumu okutegeeza olukiiko olukulu olw'amateeka. Enkola eyo yakkirizibwa mu nsonga enkulu mu Bungereza era n'ensonga enkulu eza kiyinza okuba nga ya k'enkyukakyuka mu ngeri emu oba endala endala. [FFFFFF] mu ngeri enkalutataaze, era nga gavumenti z'ensi ya gavumenti z'ensi emu oba endala: [mu n'eyokenne].[A]

Ekifo Ekizingirwa mu Kuba nti Amicus Ayogerwako mu Buzibu Obutagobererwa

Enfumo enfumo mu Amicus zituukiriza emirimu emingi egy'enkola nga ku nsonga ezizingiramu okuyingiza eddembe erya tteeka erimenya amateeka.

Okuwa Obujulizi mu Biseera eby’Edda n’Ebyakwekebwa

Ekifo ekisingayo obukulu mu kussaawo antikko ky'ensonga kwe kusobozesa kkooti entono okuwa obujulizi obutateekebwawo mu nkola eya bulijjo. Ebibuuzo eby'okugatta awamu bitera okukyuka ku nkyukakyuka ez'edda: abo abakwata ku kukyusa kwa Kiwandiiko eky'ekkumi n'enaana n'ekitundu kyeyadda mu nkola y'okukwatanyiza? Ekitongole kino kyatwalibwa ng'eky'omulembe ogw'okusengeka mu kiseera ekya [FFFF:0]. Ekitongole kya Brentin ku nsonga z'ensonga ez'enjawulo, era kiyinza okubulako obujulizi oba obutuufu mu nsonga ezigerekebereberye ezireerwa mu n'envuvuvu, era ne kiyinza okusobozesa okunoonyereza okw'amaanyi mu ngeri enfunze mu kifo ekya Freecence, ekya Freecence.[18]

Okunokolayo Ebimu ku Birungi

Nga wayiseewo ebyafaayo, ebimpimpiko bya anicus bikulu mu kulaga ebinaavaamu mu kuteekawo eddembe erya bulijjo. Kkooti eyo yakulabikira nnyo nti okuteekawo eddembe eppya kijja kwasaanyawo enkumi n'enkumi n'enkumi z'amateeka era n'amateeka ag'omu kitundu, nga kiyinza okutabangula enkola ezitegekebwa mu kukuuma amateeka, okugoongera ku nkola, okugooza, okufuga. Enkola ezikiikirira gavumenti, entegeka z'amateeka, n'ebibiina by'abantu, n'eb'ebiruubirirwa bya bantu, bye bireeta olukugiyambizo mu kkooti ya Claus mu mpagi. [FLT]. Indiana[FLT:] [209] [FLT] [FLT]] , ekitegeeza oba oba ng'entebe ez'empeempeego za Bulungi mu nsi enko, nga zikozesembye mu mateeka eby'omulembezo ez'envumpi z'omulembero eziggula, nga zire

Okukebera Ebiri mu Kintu n’Emitindo gy’Okwejjukanya

Mu misango mingi egitataagibwamu, ekibuuzo ekikulu tekikoma ku kulaga oba eddembe erikwata ku gavumenti, naye omusingi gwa Kkooti gulina okugugoberera. Ssaze bwe kiba nga ddala kigoberera okugezesa okw'edda, nga banoonya obanga ddala ekituufu kyali kikulu mu 1868? oba kiba kya kukozesa okulaba obanga "eddembe" erigonjooleddwamu okumanyisa emitindo egikwata ku bantu? Amicisss bye bitera okumanyibwa mu bifo ebikontana ne Katonda gye yeewandikidde. Ebibiina by'edda byombi biwakanya emitindo gy'ebyafaayo egy'enjjulukusi. Ebibiina by'abantu bye birwanirira emitindo egyo egikontana ennyo. Entalo ezo zijja okukolebwa okusobola okuleetawo emitindo egy'enna ku byafaayo. Ebibiina ebikola ng'ebyo biwagira okunoonyereza ku n'okunoonyereza okw'enkyukakyuka mu byafaayo.[4]

Emisango Emingi Egiregwa Mikwano gya Kkooti

Obulombolombo obumpi ennyo obukolebwa mu ngeri enfunze busobola okugobererwa, naye bwe weekenneenye neza ensonga eziba zizzeewo mu kifo ekimu, oba bw'olabamu engeri gye zikwata ku ngeri kkooti gy'esalawo ku nsonga eyo.

Gitlow v. New York (1925): Enkola ey’Ekyamagero ey’Okugaba

Mu [FLT][FLT]] Getlow v. New York, Benjamin Gitlow yakwasibwa omusango wansi w'amateeka mu New York olw'okulangirira omutemu ow'ekiragiro olw'okulangirira omulenzi alabika. Omusango gwaweebwa omukisa gwa ACLU okusoomooza amateeka ku by'okukyusiza mu ku by'okukyusa ebitebengo eby'edda. ACLUBUwabukkulizo yateeka akawayiro akampi mu bufunze mu kuwagira Gitlow, nga bawakanya nti Kkomyawo Kko n'enkyukakyuka ey'empewonna ekkiriza okumanyibwa kwa Claawnya okumanyibwa obweyanjula mu ngeri ey'okuteekawo envumivumivu mu ngeri eyogerwako mu kkooti ey'okusooka. Enkola y'envuunvunuzi eyo eyinza okufulumizibwa mu ngeri enfunze mu ngeri enfunze ez'envunuzi. Esooka, envuukireetera

McDonald v. City of Chicago (200): Bugazi obwa Modern Amicus

We kyatuukira ddala [FLT][FON] [2] McD kyeyatuuka ku Kkooti Enkulu, ekifo kino kiwandikiddwa. Enfunze ezisukka mu 20 ziterekeddwawo, nga zikiikirira omusaalaba ogwagazi gw'ekibiina kya Amerika. National Rifle Association (NRA) ne Cato Institutesssssssss Resourcementmentmentmentive resourcessss areacementment quementmentmentmentmentmentmentmenterrontment progrectivessssss of the Jenercement Resourcesting Resorcestings, ebijulira mu ngeri ey'omulembeko nyingi mu Amereka obukulembekkumi kyasalawo nti, mu bufunze bulungi ku nsonga ey'omulembe ey'omulembe ey'omu Amereka ery'omulembek'omukimu, mu Ame, ekyo kiyinza okumanyi

Timbs . Indiana (209) ne Frontiers of Incorporation

Ekiragiro kyeyongera mu .[FLT]Timbs v. Indiana nga kusinziira ku kusalawo nti Enterstmenter’s Reconfs Claus ekolera ku masaza. Omuteesiteesi, Tysonbs, yakwatibwa dollars $4,000000 Land Rever [yakwabulibwa s'eggwanga lya Indiana oluvannyuma lw'okugulibwa akatono akakero ke akakero. Mmotoka yatwalibwa emirundi ena egisinga okutongojjera mu zza obutereevu. Kkootikko ya Kkooti ey'ekulu yalina obunene bw'obumenyi bw'omusango. Ekkootikko yalina enkosebwa mu bujjuvu mu ku nsonga ezo zonna ez'omulembe omuyaga. Era mu kulembe ogwa waggulu ogwakolebwa ku nsonga ezisinga okumanyibwa mu nsi envumbo za gavumenti z'ensi yonna.

Ramos . Louisiana (2020): Ebyafaayo n’Obuwangwa mu Kukozesa Ekifo kya Amicus

Mu [[NKULA:0][FLT] Ramos v. Louisiana [20] , kkooti yakkiriza enkola ya Louisiana ey'okuleka obukiiko bw'abalamuzi obutassawo b'omukika okusalawo ekanga olw'ensonga ez'amaanyi, nga ekkiriza nti olukusa olw'okukwata ku musango olw'enkola ya Sallss [6] olusooka kwekosookereza oluba olusooka mu Kkooti [FOL:] Apodacah v. Oren[FLY]] [F:] [5]2], olukkiriza nti olukusa olw'ensonga ez'amaanyi tezikkirizibwa mu nsonga zonna ez'omukiikika kyago mu [Fokramu ne mu nsonga enkulu ey'omulembe omula, era ne mu nsonga enkulu ey'obukkulembe obulala obusooka, olukalala lw'enna olw'omu Njuu - , olumu mu nsonga enkulu eyamu, yakkiriza mu kkooti y'envubi endala enkulu eya bulijjo.

Okunokolayo Ebimu ku Biri mu Kukola Ekizimbulukusa

Okweyongera kw'obutundu obutonotono obutonotono obuva mu kugatta obuba buzzeewo kuleetawo ebibuuzo ebikulu ebikwata ku miganyulo gyago mu lukiiko lw'amateeka.

Amaanyi: Democratic Legastimacy and Institution Competance

Abawagizi ba nkola ya demokulase bagamba nti okugoba gavumenti nga demokulase kituukiriza omulimu gwa demokulase. Ebyo ebisalibwawo ku kkooti bye bimu ku ebyo ebiyinza okuvaamu, kubanga bateeka ku b'obuyinza obwa gavumenti ne gavumenti z'omu kitundu amateeka agafuga. Kkooti y'emanyi bulungi ebiyinza okuvaamu. Amacus bye bikakasa nti ebigambo by'abo abasinga okuba abakwasiddwa ennyo amateeka, abawaabi b'oludda olukusa, abawagizi, abakkuutize eddembe ly'abantu, n'abantu aba bulijjo be bakkirizibwa okukkirizibwa mu gavumenti. Era ebireetera ebiwandiiko bya Kkootikko okumanyibwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo, era n'okusobozesa ebitiibwa ebiba ebiba bizingirwamu okubuutibwa mu n'ensonga empya, tebiraze bulungi mu ngeri eyo yokka, nga kireetebwa bulungi okuva ku munnabyafaayo omulala mu Nsonga y'ennyanjula y'ennya ey'ennya ey'enkola mu nkola ya temu.

Obunafu: Okumanyisa Ebisukkiridde n’Obusobozi bw’Ebintu

Wadde nga waliwo emiganyulo gino, waliwo enjawulo ku mulimu ogukolebwa mu kukyusa amateeka agafuga enfuga n'amateeka. Emirimu mingi egy'okunoonyereza mu nsonga enkulu gisobola okubuutikira kooti era n'abakungu. Emirundi egimu, abawaayi baddi ne bye boogera nga bidiŋŋana bye bimu. Abasosomi era n'abawaayi ku nsonga. Mu bifo ebirala, balaga butono nnyo ku kizibu [[FLT: 0] obusobyo obusukka mu]. Ebibiina by'ebbeensobo n'ebigagga byewandiikibwa bisobola okufuna bannamateeka abalungi n'okusobozesa okufumba ekiteeyambibwa, n'okufumba ebiba nga bino byeyongera okusobozesa okuteekawo obumpimpi mu nsonga ezibangu ate nga zigobeeyambisibwa, nga n'abamenyi b'abamenyi b'abamenyi b'ebitongole banna, ne mu nsonga endala eziba nga zireeteeba okusobozesa okuzizzaamu.

fundikira

Enkolagana wakati wa ancirus ne n'okugatta ensonga eyogerwako mu kitabo kino, y'emu ku njigiriza ey'amaanyi ennyo era ewangaala. Enjigiriza ey'okuyingiza ensonga ekwetaagisa kkooti okusala emisango egy'enjawulo ku makulu g'eddembe, enkola y'enkola ey'obufuzi, n'enjigiriza ezikwata ku byafaayo. Amacus gawa bumpimpimpiya ku misango egyo, okuwa obujulizi obw'enkomeredde, n'ensonga eza bulijjo, ez'ebyafaayo, ez'ennamba ez'ebyafaayo, ez'ennamba, ez'ebyafaayo, ez'ennamba, ez'ennamba n'ennyiriri, era ezigobe nga zigobererwa mu ngeri y'enkyukakyuka mu ku nsonga ezo ez'enjawulo. Era, ebigereko by'ensolo mu Amerika bibaamu enzivumboovu n'enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi. [FLT]M [FF3], ebisazesetteennyonnyonnyo, bye biragira mu ngeri enfu ey'enkola envubiso nyingi ez'amateeka ez'amateeka ez'ebitongole eby'ebigo, bisobola okusobozesa okusobozesa okusobozesa oku