Enteekateeka y'abalamuzi b'ekola ng'ezimu ku ngeri ezisingayo okubaamu mu nkola za demokulase ez'amateeka. Ekiragiro bwe kissa essira ku ngeri y'okusalamu emisango mu mikono gy'abatuuze aba bulijjo, abalamuzi bakyusa emisingi gy'amateeka ne gigifuula ebibakwatako. Tebalonda bulabibibibi ng'ebiri mu mitendera; bakiikirira enkola eya butereevu ey'empisa mu bantu era ne beewala obukujjukizi obuyinza bw'eggwanga. Ekitundu kino kikebera engeri gye bagobereramu amateeka, nga baleetera abantu okuteeka obwesige bwabwe mu nkola y'obwenkanya, era nga beenyigidde mu nkola y'obwenkanya.

Ebiri mu Ebyafaayo Ebikwata ku Njuyiri

Enkyukakyuka ez'edda zaasooka okulabika mu Asene, abatuuze gye baasalanga enkaayana mu mateeka, era ne mu kkooti z'Abaruumi ezaabanga zikola ku balamuzi ab'ebitiibwa. Naye abalamuzi ab'omu kiseera kino baazuula ensibuko yaazo mu Bungereza ey'ekyasa eky'omukasa nga Norman Consolation.

Magna Carta ow'omu 1215, wadde nga teyatandikawo b'enjuba, emisingi egikwata ku kusala omusango gya mikwano gyo gye gyassaawo oluvannyuma ne bagimanyisa okuwozesebwa abalamuzi. Ekyasa ekya 18. Etteeka lya Bungereza lyanywezezza abalamuzi abaali basala emisango mu ggwanga nga tteeka lya nnyinimu. Amatwale ga Amerika gaanyweza obukiiko bw'abalamuzi obwali bukola ng'obukulu bwa gavumenti era ne ku mitemwa mukaaga n'egy'ekkumi n'omukaaga mu U.S. Ekiragiro kino kikakasa nti abalamuzi bavunaana omusango mu misango ne mu bitundu bingi ebya bulijjo. Leero, nga mu Bungereza, Canada, Australia, ne mu bitundu ebirala ebyasooka mu matwale ga Bungereza, nga Japan ne South Korea, baagoberera enkola ezifaananako ez'abalamuzi.

Ebiri mu Njiri Zaffe

Obunene bw’abo abasala emisango era n’enkola yagyo bya njawulo okusinziira ku buyinza, nga kino kiraga obulombolombo n’enkola z’abalamuzi.

Obumenyi bw’amateeka n’obuteefuga

Mu kkooti z'ensi ezimu, enzijuvu z'amateeka 12 zirina okusalirwa omusango mu ngeri emu.

Mu Bungereza ne Wales, abalamuzi mu kkooti y'amateeka era bali 12 ku lukiiko olukulu olw'ebbeeyi, era ng'ebisinga obungi ku bisaze ebyasalibwawo ku b'obuyinza nga 10-2 byasalibwawo oluvannyuma lw'okuteesa. Abalamuzi ba gavumenti bamaliddwawo mu Bungereza okuggyako ebigambo gamba ng'okuvuma, okusiba omusango, n'okusiba emisango mu makomera. Canada ekozesa enzigi 12 ku balamuzi olw'omusango ogw'amaanyi ogusazesebwa. Australia eyinza okusalibwawo mu misango egitali gimu okuggyako mu South Australia ne Tasmania, egikkiriza emisango emingi egyasalibwa mu masaza 1121 oba 1021.1.

Abantu ab’Enjawulo n’Abo Abakiikirira

Omusingi oguli mu musingi guno gwegwo: `juuniverse' okukiikirira ekitundu ekitegekebwa obulungi ekiva mu lubalama lw'abantu. Kyokka, okusobola okufuna obubaka, kyetaagisa okusoomooza. Obubonero obwo busigala bukola olukalala lw'akakampasi, ebiwandiko bya layisensi z'abavuzi, oba ensibuko endala ez'okukunoonyereza okusobola okuzuula abo abayinza okulonda olukalala olusobola okusaze. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Ebibiina ebigambo obugattiddwa , nga kuliko n'abantu abato, era n'abasinga okufuna obuwandikiro obutonotono, obutono obulabika, obusinga obutono obulabika, obuva mu ku ku lukalala olukalala olukola olukola olukalala olukola olukola olukola olukola olukalala olukalala olukola olukulu olw'etteeka. Okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga enjheesoosa.[F:U]

Omulimu gw'Okulonda Jury

Voir Dire

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa bannamateeka n'abalamuzi okubuusabuusa bwe kituuka ku kyekubiira, okumanya ensonga n'obusobozi bw'okusalamu obutali bwenkanya. Ekiruubirirwa tekitera kulonda bajulizi abali ku ludda olumu naye kiba kitegeeza abo abayinza okwekenneenya obujulizi. Mu nsonga enkulu oba enkumu, emirundi mingi kino kiyinza okukolebwa nga baswala.

Ebizibu: Balina Ensonga Ze Balina Okusoberwa n’Ebizibu bye Bayinza Okuyitamu

Ebika ebibiri eby'okusoomoozebwa biggyawo eb'okussaawo olukalala. Obuzibu obw'enkomeredde tebuliiko kye buggweera; ani ku bikwata ku nkolagana ey'oku lusegere n'omugatte, oba endowooza ey'enkalakkalira ku mukolo. Obusobozi obw'okusala ku nsonga ezikolebwa ku nsonga, bukkirizibwa okutongoza emirundi ebiri. Naye okusoosa kwonna ku nsonga tekuyinza kukozesebwa ku lwa langi oba olw'ekikula. Olukiiko olukulu U.. Olukiiko olukulu [FT:1][FLTson.] Kentucky[ olwo olulina ensonga enjvumbo obutereeze olw'okutaazesebwa olw'eggwanga oluva mu ku kika kya Claanyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyiike. Enkola y'okuko, oba okuzza obujulizizza ku nsonga eziba nga zigobereddwa.

Eby’Okukola Juries

Ezera y’akola ebintu ebikulu bingi ebyawulawo abalamuzi bokka.

Amazima Agazuula era n'Okulemererwa

Omulimu omukulu ogw'abalamuzi gukolebwa okuzuula obutuufu bw'ensonga nga bakebera obujulizi obuweereddwa mu kkooti. Abalamuzi bawuliriza obujulizi, bakebera ebilabirwamu, era bakakasa obutuufu. Bamala ne batuula mu kisenge ekyabwe, nga bakubaganya ebirowoozo okutuusa lwe batuuka ku nsala. Ebitongole by'abayeekera byetaaga abalamuzi okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikontana, okugoberera obulagirizi bw'amateeka obuweebwa omulamuzi, era n'okutuukana n'obukakafu bwabwe. Endowooza eno ebeera mu kisenge kya gavumenti. Ekibuuzo kino y'ekikola nga basinziira ku nkola eya demokulasenti eya demokulase.

Eddoboozi ly’Abantu

Juries agezaako okuzuula emitindo n'emitindo mu lukiiko. Ekiragiro kino kireetawo okubuusabuusa okw'amaanyi. “okubuusabuusa,” oba“ empisa ennungi ate era zeesigama ku kulamula okw'abantu aba bulijjo. Mu misango egitali gimu, komiti era zirina amaanyi ga [[[[FL:0]] okukoma ku ku kukekebwawo kwa mateeka.[1] Obusobozi obw'okukko [[FLL:][1] Obutuufu obw'okukkirizisaamu obutuufu, businziira ku bukakafu obufuga ensonga, singa bakitwala nti amateeka gennyini gagwana si ga bwenkanya oba nga gaa bwenkanya. Wadde nga tewandikiddwalirimu, okulagikozesa ng'okukebera omulamuzi oba amateeka. Bar Association American eyogera ku bungi bw'obusaze bw'obusaze mu lukujjuzi lwa kkooti z'amateeka [F:][F][F]

Obukulembeze n’Okwesiga Abantu

Okunoonyereza kulaga nti abo abasala emisango n'abawayiriza batandika okwesiga amateeka. N'abo abasalirwa omusango batwala okusala emisango ng'ekintu ekikulu okusinga ebyo abalamuzi bye basalawo. N'abo abasala emisango ku buli lukiiko basinziira ku musango kwe basinziira okulabika. N'abo abasala emisango gye basalirawo abantu nga bavunaanibwa.

Obukulu bw’Okuwagira Obwenkanya

Juries ayamba mu kukuuma obukujjukujju ku bannaakyemalira mu gavumenti era n'okusala emisango mu bwenkanya. Mu byafaayo, abalamuzi baagana okusingisa ababuulizi omusango wansi w'amateeka g'Abangereza agafuga gavumenti, era ne bayamba okutandikawo ebiwandiiko ebya tulakiti. Mu kiseera kyaffe, abalamuzi bagaanye okukuba obukujjukujju era ne batwala ebibiina eby'amaanyi nga bivunaanyizibwa mu nsonga za gavumenti. eddembe ery'okuwozesebwa mu kkooti y'ekanga emisango mu U.S. Ekiragiro kiragira ddala kubanga bannabyabufuzi obwa bulijjo baakitegeera nti abantu aba bulijjo bajja kukuuma eddembe okusinga abakungu ba gavumenti bokka.

Juries era alina omulimu gw'okuyigiriza. Abakungu bayize ebifa ku mateeka, okuyiga ebikwata ku kuteeba n'obukakafu, n'obukulu bw'obujulizi. Obuyigirize buno bwa buli ggwanga busobola okusangira kungulu nga bajulizi ab'omu maka gaabwe ne mikwano gyabwe. Okunoonyereza okw'ekikumi kwa National Center for State Courts kwazuula nti alipoota 80% ez'abajulizi baanoonyereza baawulira nti obuweereza bwabwe bwa muwendo, era kumpi bonna baategeeza nti bategeera bulungi enkola y'amateeka. Ekitebe kya Nationalal for Courts kiwagira eby'obugagga ku ku magye geemalirira n'okulongoosa.

Obuzibu Obubaawo mu Kkomera

Wadde nga balina amaanyi mangi, enteekateeka y’abalamuzi eyolekaganye n’enkizo ez’amaanyi eziyinza okunafuya obusobozi bwayo n’obwenkanya.

Bias mu Kulonda n’Okusalawo kwa Jury

Obusosoze mu langi ne mu nkola y'enkola y'abantu buyinza okweyoleka kaati nti abakungu ba langi ez'enjawulo n'abo abeeru batera okusingisa omusango abo abawaayibwa Badduck, era nti okuteesa ku nsonga z'abalamuzi kuyinza okukubirizibwa abantu abangi abatukuze ennyo. Wadde nga kikulu, enteekateeka z'abalamuzi ab'ekika kya Batson tezireseeyo kusosola. Amagavumenti agamu kati geetaaga bannamateeka okussaawo ensonga zonna eziviirako okugoba empaka ez'enjereere, era emyoyo nga Washington gye gikosezza okuggyawo okusokko okumalawo ddala ebizibu.

Okunokolayo Ebimu ku Biri mu Kitabo kya Kaggayi

Obubonero obw'enkunkunala", naddala obwo obulaga obujulizi bwa sayansi, obukkiriziganyizza mu by'ensimbi oba obuwandiike obw'amaanyi, buyinza okuzibuwalirwa okutegeera ebiragiro by'abalamuzi. Bayinza okuzibuwalirwa okutegeera ebiragiro ebiwandiikibwa mu nnimi ez'enjawulo. Okunoonyereza kungi kulaga nti abalamuzi batera okubuusabuusa ebintu nga okubuusabuusa, okugenderera oba okukuba akasanyusi. Enkola ez'okukkenneenya amateeka, zifulumya ebiragiro by'abalamuzi ebiba bisobola okutereeza, nga babuuza ebibuuzo eby'abajulizi (mu n'ebitundu ebimu) era ne bawandisizza kopi eza buli kawandiikibwa. U.. Kkookolo ku lukiiko lw'ewandikiro olukalala lw'abalamuzi oluwandiisaamu obulagirizi obwa bannamalanga okulongoosa ebiva mu n'obusobo.

Endowooza n’Eby’Obulyi bw’Ezza Obulwadde

Mu kiseera kino, okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikwata ku mikutu gya kompyuta, ekintu ekikulu kye kiba kisinga okweraliikiriza. Obubonero obw'ebifaananyi eby'enjawulo busaasaanya ebitundu by'empuliziganya, era emikutu gya menono gisobola okusaasaanya kalonda oba eby'obulimba. kkooti eziyigiriza abalamuzi obutanoonyereza ku nsonga oba obutagyogerako ku mikutu gya Internet, naye obwesamba mateeka bwebaawo. Obubonerezo obw'amaanyi n'obuyambi obw'amaanyi bikendeeza ku kabi, naye ekizibu kisigala nga bweyongera.

Okweraliikirira n’Okweraliikirira

Okugezesebwa okw'amaanyi, obujulizi obw'enjawulo, n'obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okusalawo ekiba kigenda okutuuka ku muntu, biyinza okuleetera bakungu ba yunivasite okweraliikirira okw'amaanyi. Obuzibu bw'eby'enfuna . Obuzibu bw'eby'enfuna obulaga nti wabula ssente, okulabiriza abaana biyimiriza obusawo obugenda mu maaso era n'okusuubira abalamuzi okusasulwa. Amagatte mangi gataddewo omusaala gwa jaasi naye nga mu bifo ebisinga obungi tewaliimu ssente nnyingi. Okulongoosa mu bulungi ku bulungi bw'eby'enfuna era n'okukendeeza omugugu gwa bya byanfuna ku nteekateeka z'ebyenfuna byeyongera.

Ebiseera eby’Omu Maaso eby’Abalamuzi mu Ntegeka y’Okusalirako Omusango

Enteekateeka y'abalamuzi egenda ekyuka, esaanidde okumanyika okulaba nti embeera zigenda zikyuka.

Okuyungibwa mu bya Tekinologiya

Tekinologiya era esobola okuleetawo okusoomooza okuppya. Kkooti ezimu zisobozesa abalamuzi ne bateekako b'omukutu ne bateekamu obubonero okulaga gye balaga oba nga bateekako n'ennyimba ze bakozesa okukebera ebifa ku kompyuta. Mu butuufu, buli lunaku obuntu buyinza okweyoleka ku misango egikolebwako bannamulabi. Kyokka, tekinologiya era aleetera abalamuzi okweraliikirira ebikwata ku ku kutataaganya era n'obulabirizi obutakkirizibwa.

Enkyukakyuka Ezikolebwa Okusobola Okulongoosa Obulagirizi bw’Omuntu

Ebitundu bingi eby'ebitundu gye biddukanya bizingirwamu abantu abatali ba nyazi, abalina lipoota z'abamenyi b'amateeka (oluvannyuma lw'ebiro) n'abantu abakulu. Babiyingiza mu bifo ebiwerako, bakwasisa oba balagira kulabika bulungi, era n'okukendeeza ku buwagizi obw'emirimu ku kigendererwa eky'okuteekawo ebidiba bya balamuzi eby'enjawulo. Kkooti ezimu zigezesezza enkola ezizirimu okukendeeza emigugu ku balamuzi.

Endowooza ez'okwekolera

Okusobola okulongoosa mu ngeri gye bateesaamu, kkooti ezimu zikkiriza abalamuzi okuwa obujulizi obuwandiikiddwa, okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku bujulizi (mu kifo ky'okulinda okutuuka ku nkomerero), era n'okukozesa vidiyo ezitegekeddwa obulungi.

Okugeraageranya Ebifa ku Bazadde Abato n’Abatali Bannaabwe mu Nsi Endala

Okwagala okw'abantu aba bulijjo kweyongera mu nsi yonna. Japan yatandika enkola yaayo nga mu 2009, egatta abalamuzi abayivu n'abatuuze mukaaga okusala emisango egy'amaanyi. South Korea egoberera enkola y'emu ey'obulamuzi mu 2008. Ebbeeyi y'egatta amateeka aga bulijjo n'amateeka ga bantu okuwa amagezi ku ngeri y'okukwatamu abantu mu by'obusosoze n'obusobozi. project project

Basobola Okunyooma Etteeka n’Etteeka Eryali Libakugira

Ebiteeso ebimu biwa amagezi okukendeeza obunene bw'abalamuzi abakuba akakiiko akakola ku nsonga z'amateeka (um'omunga) okusobola okwongera ku nkola gye babadde bakozesa mu bujjuvu nga bakubawo ebbeeyi. Kyokka, ebiwandiiko ebitonotono biyinza obutatwala bulungi bbeeyi ze kiteetaagibwa era ne bireetawo okusalawo okusakukanya okutali kwa bwesigwa. Mu ngeri y'emu, okuva mu bitundu ebimu eby'eggwanga n'ebya bannabyabufuzi ne mu bitundu eby'amasaza,(g.) nga bikkirizibwa okuggyawo ensonga ezikwata ku bwenkanya mu United States, oluvannyuma lw'okusalawo kwa Kkootikko mu Ramos v. Louisiana

fundikira

Akakiiko k'abalamuzi tekakoma ku kuteeka bukodyo obulaga ekigendererwa kya demokulase eky'okufuga. Bwe kawa abantu obusobozi okusalawo ensonga, enkola ey'okusala emisango evaamu ebiwandiiko, okulabira mu bantu ab'enjawulo. Abalamuzi batwala abawaabi n'abawandiisi nga bavunaanyizibwa, ne bakuuma abakungu obutakwata oba abakungu abawandiikibwa, era ne bayigiriza abatuuze ebikwata ku mateeka. Kyokka enteekateeka tekomako. Obuzibu obubaawo nga buno bwenkanankanankana n'obusosoze obunene obwa bulijjo, obumenya amateeka, obugattiddwa ku mawulire, n'obuzibu obuva mu nsonga ezisingawo ku bantu. Abalamuzi, abalamuzi, n'abakungu mu mateeka, balina okweyongera okutereeza entegeka y'abalamuzi, okutereeza, n'okulongoosa obutebenkerawo mu ngeri y'obutebenkevu. Ekiragiro olukiiko olukulu olw'amateeka olukulu olw'okuteekawo olusango olw'amateeka olw'okufuga olukulu olw'okufuga olukujjuuma olukulu olw'amateeka olw'ensi.