Okutandika: Olwazi olw’Obwenkanya

Omuntu bw'aba ategeera obulungi ensonga z'aba agisalidde, kimwetaagisa okumanyisa engeri gye zikolamu. Ekitundu kino kikebera buli lugendo lw'amateeka, era kiraga engeri enkomera z'amateeka gye zikolamu. K'oba oli muyizi wa mateeka, muwagizi, oba omutuuze ayagala okutegeera engeri enkola y'amateeka gy'ekolamu, okutegeera obulungi engeri enkola y'okuyita mu nteeko y'okuyingizaamu ebiba mu kkooti.

Okutegeera Obulungi Enkola ya Kkooti

Kkooti zisobola okuba n'amakulu mangi, era buli kkooti esobola okufuga ensonga zonna awamu n'emirimu gyayo egizingirwamu.

Omusango: Omusingi gwa Kkooti

Julistion kitegeeza obuyinza bwa kkooti okuwuliriza n'okusalawo omusango. Erimu ebitundu bibiri ebikulu: obuyinza obw'omusango (omukika gwa kkooti esobola okuwulira) n'obuyinza (obuyinza bwa kkooti ku bibamba). Ng'ekyokulabirako, kkooti ya disiturikiti esobola okuwulira emisango egizingiramu amateeka ga gavumenti oba enfuga, ate kooti efuga gavumenti efuga ensonga eziba zizzeewo mu mateeka ga gavumenti. Okumanya obuyinza obwo kukwata ku muntu kinnoomu kubanga okuyingiza ensonga mu kkooti ekyamu kiyinza okuviirako okugoba gavumenti.

Ebifo ebya Ssabbiiti

  • [[NKULU]] Kkooti zino ziyinza okuyitibwa:[[FULT:1] gwe mutendera ogusooka mu kkooti gye zitongoza oba gye ziwulira. Mu nkola za gavumenti, zino ze kkooti za disiturikiti ez'omu Amerika. Mu nkola za gavumenti, ziyinza okuyitibwa kkooti enkulu, kkooti ez'ekitundu, oba kkooti z'ensi. Kkooti ezivunaanibwa ziwa obujulizi obw'amazima, era zigoberera amateeka ku nsonga eziba ziweereddwa.
  • [[AGUMENT:0] Kkooti zino : Kino kyekenneenya ebisalibwa kkooti okukakasa nti amateeka gagobererwa era nti ensobi ezikolebwa mu byuma tezikola kukivaamu. Kkooti ezikozesebwa mu ngeri enneeyisaamu tezinoonyereza ku nsonga; zejjukanya obujulizi. Mu nkola y'ekitongole kya Amerika, zino ze kkooti ez'oku Appelal, ezitegekebwa mu bitundu.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Kkooti enkulu ennyo mu buyinza. Kkooti enkulu ez'omu Amerika zituula ku ntikko y'eggwanga eryo, naye nga buli ggwanga lirina kkooti yalyo esingayo obunene (malala eyitibwa Kkooti y'oku Appers). Kkooti zino zisobola okulonda omusango gwa ku nsonga ze zigguka.

Kkooti Ezaawulwamu

Ng'oggyeko abo abafuga mu buyinza, waliwo kkooti nnyingi ezissa essira ku misango egitali gimu.

Omulimu gw'okukyusakyusa omutwalo gw'ennombe ogukolebwa ku kompyuta

Okusaanuusa omusango kye kintu ekisooka mu nkola y'amateeka. Kyongera okuleetera kkooti okutandika okuwa emboozi mu kkooti. Kino kizingiramu okuyisa ebiwandiiko by'amateeka mu kkooti esaanidde era n'okutegeeza abawaabirwa. Kkooti ez'omu kiseera kino zitera okukozesa enkola eya kompyuta okuzuula ekiwandiiko kino.

Ebiwandiiko eby'Omuwandiike ebisaze biterekebweko koppi

  • [[NKUMBO:0] Kireetera '[[FOLT:1] Kino kitegeeza nti ekiragiro k'akawayiro kaleetera ekiragiro okuwandikawo olukalala olw'ensonga eziba zeetaagisa okuwaayitirwa'okulaga omuwayirwa. Ekiragiro kino kirina okulaga ebizingirwamu, ebiwandike ebiwagira ebyo bye kireetebwawo, ate obuweerero ne bw'obw'ofuna (ng'empeera oba ekiragiro). Amateeka ga 'Federal' gateekwa okuba nga "kisengeke oba kyeyawuluuzi" g'eraga olukalala olw'okugaba obuyambi.
  • [[AKYONGERA] : Obulango buyisibwa kkooti era ne buwandiikirwa oyo awayiriziddwa, ne butegeezebwa ku mulamuzi era n'obudde obulagira nti agenda kubaako ky'akolawo (emirundi mingi ennaku 21 okutuuka ku 30). Obuweereza obw'omulimu buteekwa okuba nga bukwatagana n'amateeka agafuga empanvu.
  • [[NKULA] : Fees ziteekwa okusasulwa okusobola okutandika omusango ogwo, guyinza okusunsula ku ntegeka ya gwa gwa guunti ne kika. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okuteerezawo ssente ezimalibwa mu kutereka ebifissi. Ebipande ebiwerako bisobola okuwerebwa ku doola z'amakompula oba okukendeeza ssente ezisaasaanyizibwawo.

Okutegeka okw'empandika n'okuyisa bw'empandika

Kkooti ezisinga obungi kati zikwetaagisa okujjuza sisitemu nga PACIR (Public Access to Court Electronic Records) mu kkooti z'ensi oba singa zibaako bye zikolako. Okufissaawo empapula kizikendeeza, ne kisobozesa okuwandiisa ebiwandiiko ku mmeeri okutuuka awantu. Era kkooti zikkiriza abantu okuteeka ebiwandiiko ku sistemu ewandiikiddwawo ebiwandiiko.

Ebikolebwako nga ebisooka ku by'obwannakyewa

Omusango bwe guba guteekeddwa mu kkooti era omuwawaayiriza n'abaako ky'akolawo (ng'addamu oba n'atambula), omusango guyimirizibwa mu lukiiko olusooka.

Okuzuula: Okuzuula Amazima

Okuzuula kye kintu ekikolebwako buli omu okuzuula obujulizi okuva ku munne era n'obw'ekitundu ekyokusatu. Ekigendererwa kwe kuggyamu ebintu bye yali tasuubira era n'okutumbula mu bifo ebirabika obulungi. Eby'okukozesa ebisobozesa okuvumbula ebintu nga bino mwe muli:

  • [[Act:0] Ebibuuzo ebiwandiikiddwa omu bye kisiimula omu ku bo by'ateekwa okulayira okuddizibwa.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA:0] Obujulizi obwandiweereddwa mu kkooti, okuwa obujulizi obw'ebirayiro ne kiba nti osobola okukebera omusaalaba.
  • [[Akawayiro:0]] Ebbeetaagibwa Okufuna ebiwandiiko:[[Aka '/'] bye bisembedwa ebikwata ku biwandiiko ebirina okuterekebwa mu kompyuta oba ebiwandike ebigendera ku nnukuta ez'enjawulo.
  • [[NKUMBO] Ebitegeeza okugaana omulimu:[[KITONDE] Evvuunulo omu z'asaba munne okukkiriza oba okwegaana, ebiyinza okukendeeza ku nsonga eziba zigezesa.

Okutambula: Okwonoona Omusango nga Tonnawozesa

Ebirondedwa biyinza okukolebwako mu ngeri ey'okutuukiriza obukujjuzi okusobola okugonjoola ensonga ezimu nga tezinnawozesebwa. Enkola ezitera okukolebwako mu makomera tezibaamu:

  • Ekiragiro kino kikyusa endowooza zaabwe ne kiba nti ebikyusizza mu nkola y'emu n'ebirala byonna bisobola okuwagibwa ku kiragiro kino nga kiragira ddala nti ebikyongedwa mu kwemulugunya bituufu.
  • [[Act:0] Ekiragiro kino kisaba kkooti okusalawo nga tewannabaawo muwozesebwa kubanga tewali kuwakanya bintu. Singa kikkirizibwa, kkooti esalawo ku lw'ekibiina ekitambula.
  • [[Act:0]Motion to Compel Discovery:[[Act:1] Kino kiwandikawo ebifa ku bayiti nga waliwo abawagizi tebasobodde kuvumbula bye banaavumbula nga basaba kkooti biragire nti ebinaanyi ebinaazuulwa biwerezebwamu biviirewo.

Okugonjoola Obutakkaanya n’Okugonjoola Obutakkaanya

Emisango mingi gigonjoolebwa nga teginnasambisibwa. Ssawawaanya zikubiriza okugonjoolerawo ebiwandiiko eby'okukuuma ebiwandiiko. Gavumenti ezimu zisaba abawagizi okugenda mu lukuŋŋaana olw'okugattirawo oba okugattirawo enzikkiriza.

Engeri Omuntu gy’Anaakeberebwamu

Omusango bwe guba tegumaliriziddwa oba nga tegusaliddwawo, gutandika okuwozesebwa.

Okulonda ekikongojjedwa mu Jury (Voir Dire)

Mu mbeera ezimu, okusala omusango bwe kiba nga kyetaagisibwa, ekiteeso ekisooka kwe kulonda akakiiko akalamuzi. Enkola eyitibwa voir jamp n'ezingiramu okubuuza abajulizi abo basobole okuzuula obusosoze oba okukaabya obukuubagano. Attorney (oba omulamuzi mu kkooti ezimu) abuuza ebibuuzo, era buli ludda luyinza okusoomooza abajulizi okusobola okuleetawo (umb., obusosoze) oba okukozesa okusoosa oba okukomya (ennamba) okukuba abajulizi awatali nsonga, kasita okukuba obujulizi tebulina nsonga.

Emirimu egiggulawo

Buli omu ategeeza omulamuzi oba sseminsani. Omuwolereza asooka kunnyonnyola obukakafu obunaalaga. Ensonga eyinza okuwa emboozi eggulawo amangu oba okugitereka okutuusa nga embaga emaze okukwatibwa. Emboozi eziggulawo si mmaapu wabula y'ebyo akakiiko bye kalina okukakasa.

Ekiraga Obukakafu

Guno gwe mukolo ogw'okuwozesa. Omuwaabi alaga ensonga ye okusookera ddala, bw'ayitanga abajulizi n'okutandika okulabikira. Omuwawaabirwa alina obuyinza okusala omuwaabi ku muwawaabi. Oluvannyuma lw'okuwummula, omuwaabi ayinza okuwa obujulizi bwe busingako n'obujulizi. Era omukungu ayinza okuwa obujulizi bwe bubwe okulaga obujulizi bw'oyo akomereddwa.

  • Obujulizi obw'amazima buwa bujulizi:[[[Akabonero:1] obutuufu buwa obujulizi ku bye baalaba, bye baawulira, oba bye baakola. Abajulizi ab'omu nsi yonna bawa endowooza zaabwe nga beesigama ku kumanya okw'enjawulo.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] Obujulizi obw'omu nkulabikira: Ebiwandiiko, ebifaananyi, vidiyo, n'ebintu, biteekebwako akabonero ng'ebiragiro era biggulibwawo okuyitira mu bujulizi obuwa obutegeeza.
  • Ebitundu ebiragibwa [[Act:0]:[[[Act:1]] Biyinza okukkirizibwa mu bitundu ebimu eby'ekika okusobola okukuuma obudde.

Waagino ebisiba

Buli muwaabirwa alaga nti obukakafu bulaga nti obujulizi buwa obukakafu ng'osinziira ku mutindo gw'obujulizi obuba bwetaagibwa (okwekenneenya obujulizi mu kkooti z'amateeka; n'obukakafu obw'ensonga).

Okusala Omusango n’Okusalawo Oluvannyuma lw’Okusalawo

Oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa, kkooti esalira omusango, era kino kye kibonerezo kkooti ky’esalira.

Okusalira Omusango Omusango

  • Jury Verct:[ Mu kulamula, abalamuzi babaako kye basalawo mu bugenderevu era ne batuuka ku lukiiko. Akakiiko kalina okugoberera ebiragiro by'omulamuzi ku mateeka. Ekiragiro kiyinza okusala omusango mu buli kika (ekituufu n'ekiruusibwa) oba eky'enjawulo (Ekibuuzo ebizingirwamu mu nsonga).
  • [[NKULULA] ```````''' Asasaze'''''''''''''''' Awo nga tewali lukiiko lukola olusala olukiiko,'asala emisango esala ebituufu n'amateeka.' Omulamuzi anoonyereza ku ebyo ebizuuliddwa era n'ebimalirizibwa mu mateeka, kwe kusinziira okusala omusango.
  • [[Act:0]] Enkola y'okusalako omusango: Akasawo kayingira mu lukiiko ku kitongole. Kino kireetera olukusa olukusa olw'obudde okubaawo oluvannyuma lw'omulimu n'okuyitako mu mitendera.

Okusalawo okuva ku nkomerero

Oluvannyuma lw'okusalako, bannassawo bayiti oluusi bateekamu obubonero obulaga nti bye bayiseemu tebinnaba kukolebwako.

  • [[Act:0] Ekiragiro kisalawo nti omusango gulina kukolebwako ng'Etteeka (JOL):[[[NKUMBO]] Agurgeerawo nti obujulizi tebusobola kuwagira nsala ya kusalawo. Ekiragiro bwe kibaako gwe kisala, okusala omusango, okuddizibwamu fayiro ne kimala kusalibwawo.
  • [[Act:0] Ekiragiro kifuga engeri ebigambo gye bikozesebwamu mu kulamula okuppya:[[[Act:1]] Kino kiraga ensobi ezikolebwa mu nnyunzi, empisa ez'obugwenyufu oba ekibonerezo ekisalibwawo kigaana obujulizi obulaga nti omusango gulina okukolebwa.
  • [[Act:0] Ekiragiro kino kisaba kooti okukyusa mu mukolo oba mu misango egisalako omusango.[[Akkomo] Kibuuzo mu kkooti kitera okusaba okukomyawo omusango, oba okutereeza ebiva mu kukyusa ebiva mu mateeka.

Singa ebintu bino biba tebisabiddwa, kiba kirungi okubyekenneenya.

Engeri Ebintu gye Bikolebwamu

Singa omu ku abo abaasalirwa omusango aba takkiriziganyizza, bayinza okujulira mu kkooti enkulu.

Obunyiga bwa Applet

  • ' Notice' ey'akalulu:[ Kino kiwandikawo ekiwandikiro (appendindint) ekisobola okutandika okujuliza mu kiseera ekigereke eky'olunaku oluwanvu (nga kino kitegeeza ennaku 30 mu kkooti y'ensi).
  • [[AGUMBI]] Kkooti ejulizibwa ku Apilo: Kkooti etegeeza ekiwandiiko ekiri mu buwandiike nga mw'otwalidde n'okuyita, n'okulaga ebiba biwandiikiddwa mu lukiiko oluwandiisi.
  • [[AGUMENTI:0] 'Briefs':[ Ebitundu byombi biwandiisa agumenti eziwandiika ebifo byabyo. Mu bufunze, olukalala lwa kkooti ennyonnyola lwaki kkooti ejulizi ya 'bufunze' yasobezza'; ebigambo ebya pulogulamu byewandiise nti okusalawo kusaanidde okukakasibwa.

Okusoomoozebwa okw’Olukulu

Abalamuzi batera okubuuza ebibuuzo ebikwata ku nsonga ezizingirwa mu kkooti z'amateeka.

Emitindo gy’Okwejjukanya

Kkooti ezigezesaamu ebiwandisibwa zigoberera emitindo egy'enjawulo okusinziira ku nsonga. Ebibuuzo eby'amateeka bigenda byekenneenyezebwako [ de novo (buggya). Okuzuula eby'amazima bye byongerwako ku kiremya []. Ebisalibwawo mu ngeri ey'amagezi biddamu okukebera amateeka ku lukalala. Emitindo gino giraga ddala omutindo gwa ky'obusobozi[[[FLT:]]

Ebisoboka

  • [[Act:0] Obutuufu: Kkooti efuga enkola y'ekitongole ekiragisa era ewagira omusango.
  • [[AGUMENTI] Buwaŋŋana: Kkooti enoonya ensobi era esiguukulula omusango, era emirundi egisinga ogw'ensonga gigizza okuzimbulukusa.
  • [[Act:0] Eract:[ ensonga esindika mu kkooti ejulizibwamu okuwozesebwa oba ebyo ebirala ebizuuliddwa ebikwatagana n'endowooza y'empandiika.
  • [[Act:0] Kino kikyusaamu mu ngeri gye kikozesaamu '[[KATANDIKWA'.' Kikendeeza ku ebyo ebiva mu kuteekako akasaze ku lukusa (e.g., nga kikendeeza ku bireetebwawo).

Okujulira kuyinza okweyongera mu maaso nga kuyitira mu kkooti enkulu era mu nkomerero ne mu kkooti enkulu ey’omu Amerika, wadde nga kkooti ezo zitera okuba n’amagezi okugaana okwejjukanya.

Okwogera mu Makulu g’Ebikolwa bya Kooti

Ekiragiro kya kkooti mu mateeka kisobozesa okussaawo emirembe n'obwenkanya mu bantu. Okuva ku kunoonyereza okw'ensonga okutuukira ddala ku lukiiko olusembayo era nga n'okuyita mu nkola eno, “‘ buli kikolwa kya kkooti kitegekebwa okukuuma amateeka. Ssaawes' awatali mu njawukana gye ziyinza okuleetawo obutakkaanya, ne zigoberera amateeka era ne zinoonya enkyukakyuka. Olugendo luno lwa mugaso eri buli muntu eyeekenneenya oba akola mu nkola y'amateeka. Okusobola okweyongera okusoma, U. S. Kkooti ezisaawa ennyi ezisinga obungi ku mikutu gye gisobola okuwa emboozi ezo ziyinza okunnyonnyola emirimu n'enkola. .[FOLD][F:2] Nhlangano .[FFF:3][F][F][F][3][F][3][3][3][3]