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Okutegeera Essomero lya Electoral: Enteekateeka ya Demokulase y’Amerika

Electoral College si kifo, naye enkola eya Amerika ey'enjawulo mu kulonda Pulezidenti era omukulembeze wa United States. Empuliziganya eyo yay'ateekebwawo mu mateeka, ebaddenga n'empala okuva ku kutandikawo mulembe guno. Okutegeera enkola eno kikulu nnyo eri buli muntu ayagala okwenyigira mu kulonda era n'okwenyigira mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo n'abantu. Ellectoral College emenya engeri Ellectoral College gye ekolamu, ebyafaayo byayo, enkaayawuluyanya, n'okumanya okw'omuganyulo eri Fraviet.

Engeri Essomero lya Electoral gye Likolamu: Yigira Ku Mitendera

Electoral College ekola mu mitendera egiwerako, okuva ku kulonda abalonderwa obululu okutuuka ku kiwandiiko ekisembayo ekya Kkonseti. Nga bino bye nkola mu mwaka gwa pulezidenti:

Ng’ekyokulabirako, Abakessi bwe Baakola, baateekayo abasirikale abaakuba ebitabo byabwe ku Intaneeti.

Buli ggwanga lifuna abalonda abenkanankana ne Senacators (bulijjo nga bbiri) n'abakiikirira baalyo mu Nnyumba (eyo eyeesigamye ku bantu). Disitulikiti ya Columbia, wadde nga si ggwanga, eweebwa basatu mu kiseera eky'ebbanga lya 23 Conference. Omuwendo gw'abalonde gukiikirira 100 Senators, 435 Abakiikirira abantu, ate 3 ku D.C.

2. Okulonda Abalabisi

Nga tannalonda buli omu, ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi mu buli ssemazinga biwandiikidde amaladiriti g'abo abagoberera obululu nga jjidde obwesigwa ku balonde." Mu Noovemba, abatuuze bwe balonda omukulembeze, baba balonda olukalala lw'abo ababa balondebwa. Amannya g'abalonde tebatera kulabika ku balonda; mu kifo ky'ekyo, abavvuntala balaba amannya g'abalaanyezza obukulembeze n'omumyuka wa prezidente.

3. Ebirondedwa n'okugula bye byonna

Ku lunaku olw'okulonda, abavvuoti basuulamu obululu bwabwe. Mu masaza 48 ne D.C., omuteesiteesi awangula obululu obusinga okumanyibwa (obungi, si abasinga obungi) afuna obululu bwonna obwa kalulu obwa gavumenti eyo. Buno bwe bumu ku obwa buli kantu akakozesebwa mu nkola ya sisitemu. Obubonero obubibiri obwo bukolebwa nga disiturikiti elondedwa ne Nebraska, era ne balonda ebitongole ebirala bibiri ebikolebwa mu bululu. Okugeza, mu Nebras, busobola okukutula akalulu.

4. Omuntu bw’Alaba Abo Abayiga Okusoma Bayibuli

Mu Ddesemba, oluvannyuma lw'okukuba akalulu buli ggwanga bwe likkiriza, abalonde basisinkana mu bikulu bya gavumenti okukuba obululu bwabwe obwa Prezidenti era n'obwa Pulezidenti ow’omu Bukulembeze. Alipoota zino ziwandiikiddwa ku biwandiiko by'e Vote, ebisindikibwa Omukulembeze wa Ssemakatini w'essaza lya United States n'eri abakungu abalala abalondeddwa.

Okubala Ebirala mu Lukiiko Olukulu

Mu matandika ga Jjanwali, olukiiko lw'aw'okulonda lugatta oluwandikiro okugatta awamu okubala obululu. Pulezidenti w'obukulembeze wa Ssemakatimu afuga obungi bw'abalagibwa. Omuntu afuna alipoota 270 ku bannaalondebwa aweebwa. Singa omunyabigo tatuuka ku 270, okulonda kutwalibwa mu Nnyumba y'Abalawuli, okulonda okulondawo Pulezidenti (ababaka bonna ab'eggwanga balonda akalulu kamu) era Ssaawo akakiiko ek'asalawo nti pulezidenti aweefube ono awezaamu emirundi ebiri gyokka mu byafaayo: mu mwaka 1800 ne 1824.

Ensonga Enkulu Ekwata ku Kkolero Erimu Ebirala

  • [[Akawayiro:0]] Abalonda ebinaakubibwa mu ngeri eyo:[[Akawayiro]] 538
  • [[AK'AWULA:0] OKUWANGA [[AK'AWULA]] Ekiragiro kisobozesa obululu 270
  • [[AGUMENTI] Ennamba y'empewo n'empandika zonna:[[AK'AWULA] 48 (plus D.C.)
  • Ebifo ebisukka mu akawayiro aka '- biwandikidwa nga bivvuunulidwa mu ngeri etegeeza nti akawayiro aka '-' kasalawo akawayiro aka '-[:1] Maine' ne Nebraska
  • [[AK'AMUT:0] Nnamba ey'emirundi omuteesiteesi gye yawangula obunaanyi bwa nnannyini ku bukulembeze naye nga tafunye onooti ekkirizibwa: Bitaano (1824, 1876, 188, 2000, 2016)
  • [[[NT:0] Abalonda abatakkiririza mu Katonda: Abalanga akalulu ak'enjawulo ku kafundikwa. Eggwanga ezimu zirina amateeka ag'okubonereza oba okuyingiza mu kifo kya balonda ng'abo. Mu 2020, kkooti enkulu yasalawo nti eyinza okwetaaza abalonde okugoberera ebibalagiddwa.

Ensibuko y’Ebyafaayo: Lwaki Abaatandikawo Essomero Eriyitibwa Electoral College

Electoral College yagunjibwa mu 1787 mu kiseera kya Convention of Constitution. Abaatandikawo ekkampuli baawakanya engeri eziwerako ez'okulonda Prezidenti: okulonda obulango obwa bannakyewa, okulonda kwa kakiiko akategese oba okulonda kwa ba kakiiko akategese. Mu nkomerero, baagaana obululu obw'enjawulo olw'ensonga eziwerako:

  • [[Act:0]] Obubonero mu ntuma ezimanyibwa mu ggwanga:[ mu kyasa ekya 18, ensi yali emalako nnyo era nga tewakyali ntegeeraganya. Abatandikawo empuliziganya baatya nti abo abagenda okulonda tebandisobodde kumanya bye baagala.
  • [[AGUMENT:0] Batya "mufuzi ow'amaanyi":[ bangi tebakkiriza demokulase nga balowooza nti omuntu bw'ayima ku kiragiro awatali kumanya, asobola okubuzaabuzibwa abalonde.
  • Amaanyi ag'okukyusaamu: Amagye amatono gatya nti gavumenti ennene gandibadde gafuga obululu obugazi. Electoral College yagawa ddoboozi lya maanyi nnyo (kubanga buli ggwanga lifuna obululu bwa mirundi esatu obusinga obusatu obugattiddwamu abantu ka babe nga bameka).
  • [[NT:0] Obuddu n'obw'obw'ebitundu bisatu eby'obufunze nga bising'aw'enyongeza: Wansi w'okusibawo okw'obuddu, abantu ababadde baddu babalibwa ng'enfitu kusobola okukiikirira abalala, nga basobozesa gavumenti ez'omu bukiikaddyo okulonda abantu ab'enjawulo naye nga tebawadde bantu abo eddembe lya kulonda. Ekyebbeewa kyanyweredde okuleetawo akakutaano mu bufunze.

Enkola eno yakolebwa nga bannasayansi abalina amagezi n'okwemalirira okulonda abakuba vidiyo. Kyokka, enkola eyo yakoma awo n'esobozesa abalonda okufuna obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okukuuma obubangi n'okulonda abo ababa bagenda okugenda okulonda.

Okuvumirira Koliisi y’Omulimu gwa Yakuwa

Okumala ebyasa bingi, bangi bagamba nti Escale Electoral College yaggwamu nnyo amaanyi, terina ntegeka ya demokulase, oba eteri ya bwenkanya.

1. Tossa kitiibwa mu kyuma ekiganzi eky’eggwanga lyo

Abakugu mu kunoonyereza okusingira ddala kwe kuba nti omuteesiteesi asobola okuwangula obukulembeze nga tawangudde obululu obusinga mu ggwanga lyonna. Kino kibaddewo mu kulonda okutaano: 1824, 1876, 188, 2000, ne 2016. Abawakanya enkola eno bawakanya omusingi gwa "muntu omu, okukuba akalulu kamu" era kiyinza okuviirako pulezidenti atali mu Amereka abasinga obungi okulonda.

2. Okusaasaanyizibwa mu Bitundu by’Ensi Ebiraanye

Olw'okuba wabaawo enkola eyagobererwa mu kuwangula, kaweefube wa prezidenti yeemalira ku ttuluba lya "bayimbi abangi" (nga Florida, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Arizona, Georgia, ne Nevada). Voters mu "obutebenkevu" ziraga emitwe nga "budde obw'enjereere oba obumyufu" era nga zigenda ku kaweefube, okulanga ebigabuzi, n'okuyingiza ebitongole ebirala. Kino kireetawo obuyinza obusukka mu bungi mu ggwanga lyonna.

3. Okusoberwa mu Bitundu Ebitayagala Kweyongezi

Singa obeera mu nsi omuli obukakafu obw’enkukunala, okukuba akalulu kwo kuyinza okuleetera abantu abamu abava mu mawanga agagugubira ku bantu okugamba nti okwenyigira mu kulonda kwa prezidenti si kikulu kubanga abalonde ba gavumenti yaabwe bamaze okusalawo.

4. Kisoboka Okuyiga n’Omuntu Atalina Kukkiriza

Wadde ng’ensi nnyingi zirina amateeka agaziyiza oba agabonereza abalonde abatalina kukkiriza, kino kireetawo okubuusabuusa obanga enteekateeka eno ddala ya demokulase.

5. Ebizibu Okutegeera n’Ebirowoozo Ebiba Bikoleddwa

Singa omuteesiteesi tatuuka ku kulonda 270, okulonda kusuulibwa mu Nnyumba y'abalagizi.

Enkaayana Eziwagirwa Essomero lya Electoral

Abawagizi ba Electoral College bagamba nti lituukiriza ebigendererwa by’amateeka era likuuma ebigendererwa by’abantu abatono.

1. Okukuuma ebitundu ebitono n’Ebisalo eby’Ewala

Ekitongole kino kikakasa nti ebitundu ebitono n'ebitalimu abantu bangi birina eddoboozi mu kulonda pulezidenti. Abo ababa bagenda okulondebwa tebasobola kuwuliriza buli ggwanga okuggyako eryo erisinga okuba erya waggulu nga California, Texas, Florida, ne New York.

2. Ebivaamu Ebireetawo Emiganyulo mu Kugaba

Electoral College eyongera amaanyi mu mulimu gw'amasaza mu siteegi. Okulonda kuweebwa ku kigero kya gavumenti, era engeri enkola gy'efugamu ewa ensalo. Enteekateeka era eraga amagezi mu ngeri gye balondamu ebivvuunulibwa, nga bwe kirabibwa mu Maine ne Nebraska.

3. Okuziyiza Okunywa Ssigala Kiva ku Bifo Ebitono Ebisangibwa mu Magye

Singa tewabaawo Electoral College, abo abagenda okuzannya tajja kuba na kifo kya waggulu mu bibuga era n'abawagizi bawa endowooza nti okukuba obululu kuyinza okuleetera ebitundu ebitono ebibali ku nsi okulagajjalira ebitundu by'ensi ebirala.

Kayamba mu Kukuuma Obunywevu n’Okulabirira

Omuntu eyawangula awangula buli kantu mu kiro kulonda (oba ennaku eziddako), nga yeewala obwetaavu bw'okukuba ebisibe oba okukuba obululu mu nsi yonna. Okwawukana ku ebyo ebiragiddwa, akalulu k'abantu kayinza okuleetawo obutakkaanya ku nsonga nnyingi eziragibwa mu bitundu eby'enjawulo singa ennyiriri ziba ntono.

5. Ebyafaayo n’Eby’Amateeka

Abantu bangi bakitwala nti, Electoral College y'emu ku nkola y'amateeka era nti singa amateeka tegagoolebwawo, enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu nteekateeka y'ensi yonna zisobola okunafuya enteekateeka ya gavumenti.

Okufuba Okuleetawo Enkyukakyuka oba Okulongoosa Essomero ly’Electoral

Wabaddewo okugezesa kungi mu myaka okusobola okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ku Electoral College. Bino bagezezzaako kubikozesa mu bitundu bibiri ebikulu:

Okutongoza Amateeka

Engeri esingayo okukomya obutereevu e Electoral College kwe kukyusa mu mateeka, nga kino kyetaagisa enzikkiriza ya mirundi ebiri mu bisenge byombi ebisatu eby'ebitundu ebisooka eby'amasaza. Ebimenyesebwamu bingi bitegekeddwa, naye tewaaliwo kisobodde kugimalawo mu kiseera kyaffe. Ennyumba ey'okumpi bwe yayisa ekiwandiiko ekya bulijjo, naye yateekebwa mu Lukiiko olukulu mu 1969.

Endagaano y'obukulembeze ey'ensi yonna eyitibwa NPV.

Edda ku nkola y'emu ye National Popular Vote Intertate Community, endagaano mu mawanga okuwa awaawa ebilulu byabwe byonna ebitegekebwa mu kuwangudde obululu obw'eggwanga. Empandika ekola nga ebeere n'ebigikwata ebimala (ku buli kawumbi 270 ebivvuunulibwa) okukakasa ekinavaamu. Mu 2024, ebiwango 17 ne D.C. byegasse wamu, ebiwandikiro 209 ebikola obululu. Empandika tennaba na kutuuka ku mukolo 270, naye ekiikirira ekibiina eky'enkola y'okulonda okuteeyagasa.

Okumanya ebisingawo ku NPV, laba omukutu gwa intaneeti ogumanyidwa mu ggwanga

Okumanya okw’Amakulu eri Obutuuze

Okutegeera ekitongole kya Electoral College tekikoma ku kuyiga buyigirize obwakajjala ku buyigirize obwa waggulu.

Manya Obuvunaanyizibwa bwa gavumenti Yo

Salawo oba embeera yo ya "nsiba," oba ssemat," oba ssemat ne kiwandikawo ebivvuunula (Maine ne Nebraska). Bw'obeera mu nsi gy'ebuulidde, bw'obeera obadde ogifuula nziguwa, emirundi mingi ojja kukwatibwako nnyo kaweefube. Naye ne bw'oba ng'oli mu mbeera ey'emirembe, bw'obeera olonda, ensonga ojja kuzilonda kubanga ebivaamu biba bikyusizza ku langi eza mu langi zo (Sanete, Ennyumba, ssomero ne hofisi z'oteekako) era olage ebiragiro by'ebyobufuzi bw'eggwanga lyo.

Manya Enjawulo eriwo mu Njiri n’Enkyukakyuka ez’Omu Bulamu

Weetegereze nti okulonda okw’amaanyi okwaliwo mu ggwanga si kwe kusalawo aw’okulonda.

Weenyigire mu Bukuubagano

Bwe wabaawo ensonga z'otegeezebwa, osobola okukubaganya ebirowoozo n'abantu ku ngeri y'okukuumamu, okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu kifo ky'enteekateeka eno. Bw'owagira oba n'oziyiza enkola y'ensi eno, okutegeera ensonga zombi kikusobozesa okubaako ky'okolawo.

Lowooza ku Magezi Ge Ogaba ga Kukola

Abavwooti abamu mu bitundu ebitavuganya nabo bawulira bubi. Naye waliwo engeri gye bayinza okuwuliriraamu eddoboozi lyo: Bannakyewa mu kaweefube, bawaddeyo ebintu ebigendera ku mitindo gy'ogoberera, era beenyigira mu kulonda okusinga okulonda mu bitundu ebimu.

Goberera Ekikolebwa oluvannyuma lw’Olunaku lw’Okulonda

Mumanye nti okulonda tekukoma ku Lwokubiri olusooka oluvannyuma lwa Balaza mu Noovemba. Obululu bwa Noovemba bukolebwa mu mwezi gwa Ddesemba era ne bubalwa mu Jjanwali. Okutegeera ebigenda mu kalulu kuno kukuyamba okugoberera amawulire mu ngeri entuufu, naddala mu kulonda we kiyinza okuba ekizibu mu mateeka.

Ebibuuzo Ebitera Okubuuzibwa Ebikwata ku Essomero ly’Electoral

Kiki ekiyinza okubaawo singa omuteeba afa oba n’aba nga takyasobola kusisinkana kooleji ya Electoral?

Ekikolwa kino tekiragiddwa bulungi mu Mateeka, naye ebibiina by'eby'obufuzi bikola enteekateeka nga bwe zibadde. ababalondeddwa bayinza okulonda omuntu adda mu kifo kya munne, oba akakiiko akategese akatuula ku kakiiko akategese kayinza okuyisa etteeka okulaga kye kakoze.

Abalonda bayinza okuweebwa ekibonerezo olw’obutagoberera ekiteeso ekitongole?

Yee, mu bitundu bingi. Mu 2020, kkooti enkulu yasalawo mu [[FL:0] Chiafalo v. Washington amateeka agayinza okukwasibwa abalonde okulonda oyo gwe beeyama okuwagira. Amagatte agamu gawaliriza oba gaggyawo abalonde abatalina kukkiriza.

Lwaki okulonda n’okuvvuunula ebintu nga bakuba akalulu bikulu nnyo?

Ng'embaga y'essomero lya Electoral College tennaba kutandika, buli kibiina kilondamu obululu bwaakyo nga kikozesa obukujjukujju bwa gavumenti. Okutegeera engeri ababa bavudde mu mpaka zino gye baweebwamu kikulu nnyo okusobola okufuna obutuuze nga bamanyi bulungi, nga bwe kisalawo ani aweebwa obutuuze mu kalulu akafuga enkuba.

Eskolero lya Electoral College likwata litya ku abo ababa bagenda okutendekebwa mu bitundu ebyokusatu?

Abo abagenda mu bitundu ebyokusatu, tebatera kuwangula bavooti olw'okuba bawangula sisitemu yonna. Kyokka, basobola okukola nga "spoilers" nga balonda abagenda okulonda mu bitundu ebyesudde nga bwe kiba nga kirina kye kikola ku ebyo ebivuddemu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Ralph Nader mu 2000 ne Jill Stein mu 2016 baasoosa obululu okuva ku banna democratic services mu matwale g'amatwale g'ebinnyi.

Okumanya ebisingawo ku byafaayo, National Archives ey'Amerika eyogera ku nkola eya Electoral College: College kye ki? era ne mmaapu eyamba mu kukozesa obubonero mu kusengeka nnyiriri ku 270toWin bikulu mu kugoberera ennamba eza pulogulamu mu kiseera ekituufu.

Okwongera: Essomero lya Electoral liyingira mu Demokulase ey’Omulembe guno

Ekitongole kino kikyakola mu ggwanga lya Electoral College, era nga kirimu okukubaganye ebirowoozo ku ngeri y'okukubaganya eby'obufuzi mu kiseera kya Amerika. Ekyakolebwa mu ngeri eyo, kye kyagooleka ku bannabyabufuzi 18 ab'embalasatu. Leero, kiri mu ggwanga eririna empuliziganya ez'enjawulo, nga likolagana bulungi, nga lirina n'enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo, era nga l'ebyobufuzi eby'enjawulo. Oba nga litwalibwa ng'obukuumi bw'enkujjukujju oba ng'ekiziyiza ekiragiro, okutegeera Electoral College eyamba abantu okumanya ebiyigirizibwa abantu. Abatuuze mu ku nkyukakyuka mu ngeri y'okulonda obulondamu, era n'okunyumya ezigenda mu ngeri y'okulonda omukulembeze w'ensi eyewangudde.

Okusobola okwongera okusoma ku byafaayo bya Electoral College, Encclopædia Britannica gy'oyingizaamu [ ekibiina kya FairVote kiwandiika ebikwata ku kukyusa ebintu mu ngeri enneyisaamu. FairVarote ku Electoral College