Kampeyini Ezikwata ku Bitundu

Kaweefube oyo asobozesa okussaawo essente mu by'obufuzi, ne kisobozesa abo ababa bagenda okulonda okuwuliziganya n'abavvuunuzi, okuzimba ebizingirwa mu nkola z'entegeka, era n'okuvuganya obulungi ne ofiisi za gavumenti. Wadde ssente zino za mugaso nnyo mu kwenyigira mu nkola ya demokulase, ensibuko yazo, n'enkola z'eby'obufuzi, zireetawo ebibuuzo ebikulu ebikwata ku kwenkanankana kw'eddoboozi ly'eby'obufuzi. Okwawula kw'ensimbi n'ebyobufuzi si kibi kya nnamba, naye bannakyewa, obungi bwenkanankana wa, era ne bye bafuna bigwanira bigwanira okulabisibwa mu ku kukuuma obugolokofu bw'amatwale ga demose.

Okutegeera Ekizingirwa mu Kuwaayo Kampeyini

Kaweefube wa by'obufuzi yeetaaga eby'enkola mu ngeri ennungi. Okuva ku butambi bw'amalambe ga ttivi n'okutumbula abakola ku misaala n'enkola z'enguudo, ebbeeyi y'okuddukanya emirimu yeeyongedde nnyo mu myaka egiyise. Ebbeeyi y'okuddukanya emirimu evudde ku bantu kinnoomu, kampuni, ebitongole ebikola emirimu, n'obukiiko bw'ebyobufuzi (PAC) bye bisobozesa abo ababa bagenda okufulumya amapulatifoomulembe n'okweyingiza mu nkola y'amatabi gaabwe. Mu magatte mangi, ebbeembalirira bino bifugibwa amateeka n'okukkiririzibwa kw'ebyo ebikolebwa okusobola okusobozesa abantu okuteeka mu n'okwanjula ebiwandiiko.

Ensibuko y’Okuwaayo

Abo abawaayo ssente bawagira abo ababa baweereddwawo olw'ensonga ezitali zimu. Abo abawaayo kinnoomu bawa bannaabwe bannaabwe obuwagizi olw'ensonga ezitali zimu kubanga baba balaga nti endowooza zaabwe zisengekeddwa bulungi, oba nti baagala okulaba nga wajja kubaawo ensonga ezimu ezikwata ku bantu.

Ebiba bikubirizibwa mu kuwaayo okunene okuva eri abantu abagagga n'ebitongole ebirala si bya malala, naye bateekawo embeera esobozesa amaloboozi g'abo abalina eby'obugagga eby'enjawulo okubeera n'obunene obw'enkuka n'okukulembedde. okunoonyereza kulaga nti abakungu abalonde bafaayo nnyo ku by'okwagala kw'ab'obukungu n'ebibiina by'abantu abeenoonyeza bye baagala mu kifo ky'okuleetera abantu bonna okubuusabuusa obanga enkola y'omuntu omu, akalulu akamu, eyinza okugobererwa.

Engeri Okupikirizibwa gye Kuyinza Okukendeeza ku Bunafu bw’Abalala

Ebibiina bikolera ku luguudo nyingi olw'ensi yonna. Oboolyawo kyeyoleka bulungi: abo abawaayo ssente nnyingi basobola okufuna enkuŋŋaana n'abakungu abalondeddwa awamu n'abakulu b'emirimu gyabwe, era ne kibasobozesa okulwanirira enkola ezimu.

Nga wayiseewo ekiseera nga kituuse, ebiweebwayo bisobola okukomya omulimu ogw'okussaawo enkola nga bayitira mu oluggi olubuuka', abakungu oba abakozi we batandikira okukola emirimu egya kampuni, nga bagoberera empuliziganya zaabwe n'okumanya kwe bafuna. Ssente era zisobola okulemesa eb'enkyukakyuka mu by'enkola y'obukulembeze, gamba nga ebizibikwasibwa oba ebiziweebwa mu bukiiko. Okujjuzaamu okwo kwe nkola y'eby'obufuzi eya bulijjo eyoleka ebigendererwa by'abo abasobola okwegattika ku mitendera.

Okunoonyereza okuva ku bannabyabufuzi nga Thomas Ferguson ne Martin Gilens kuwa obujulizi obulaga nti bannabyabufuzi n'abasuubuzi bafaayo nnyo ku by'enfuna ne ku by'obusuubuzi birina kinene kye bibakolako ku nkola ya bantu, ka kibe nti abatuuze baagala ki. Kino kizuulibwa nti kkampeni y'eby'ensimbi y'ebirimba era n'obwetaavu bw'okusobozesa enteekateeka ez'amaanyi okubeera n'okuddaabirize mu nkola za demokulase. Okusobola okwekenneenya eby'amaanyi bya bannaakyewa bano, weetegerezezeseereza omulimu gwa mu ku nsonga ezikwata ku by'obufuzi bwa Bannabyabufuzi obwa bulijjo[, ebisobozesa okuteeka mu kaweefube n'okuyingiza obujulizi.

Ebifa ku Kiwandiiko n'Ebigambo

Kampeyini bwe ziba nga zivudde mu kitundu ekitono, enkola ey'okussaawo kampeyini eyinza okuzibuwalirwa okusobola okuganyula ekitundu ekyo. Kino tekitegeeza nti buli kampeyini egulibwa, wabula kiba kitegeeza nti amaanyi agagikolerawo agagobererwa abagagga abawaddeyo era n'ebibiina ebitegekeddwa obulungi gaviirako obusosoze mu nsonga eziweebwa amateeka era n'engeri ez'okugonjoolera ensonga ezitwalibwa nga za muganyulo.

Ebiva mu Kuganja mu Bufuzi bw’Ensi Yonna

Okunoonyereza okukoleddwa ku bannakyewa kulaga nti waliwo akakwate wakati w'ebyo ebiyagalibwa abawaabirwa ssente n'engeri y'okulonda abakungu abalonde, naddala ku nsonga ezitategeerekeka eri abantu bonna. Ku nsonga gamba ng'amateeka g'eby'ensimbi, enkola y'omusolo, n'enkola ya kampuni, abawi b'amateeka bamenya emirimu gy'obukungu, abawagizi ba gavumenti bakolagana n'ebifo eby'awaddeyo mu kifo ky'endowooza y'abo abaawaayo ssente ennyingi ennyo mu kifo ky'okulonda abalondeddwa. Endowooza eno eyogerwako nnyo mu kaweefube w'empaka z'empaka z'okuvuganya esobole okutuukira ddala obukadde n'obukadde n'obukadde n'obukadde n'obukadde n'obukadde bw'obukadde n'obukadde bw'abo abatuula mu bifo bya kkooti.

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa abantu obutateekako nyinyo ku bintu ebibakwatako.

Ekikiikirira Demokulase era n’Okubeera ng’Abantu Tebafaanagana

Enjigiriza ya demokulase egoberera omusingi ogw'okwenkanankana mu by'obufuzi: buli muntu alina okuba n'omukisa gwe gulina okubaako ky'osinziira ku kusalawo kw'obulamu bwe. Kampeyini bwe ziba nga zenyigidde nnyo mu bantu abatono, zikomya omusingi guno nga zikola ekika ky'abantu abangi abalina amaloboozi agasinga ku bantu abangi nga basinziira ku by'ensi. Kino kikontana n'eyagaanyi eri mu demokulase buli kalulu mwe kyenkana era ne gye guwagira kampuni w'abantu abasinga obungi.

Ekizibu kyeyongera bwe kiba nti ekibiina ky'oyo awaddeyo tekikiikirira bantu bonna. Abantu bagagga batera okuteeka mu nkola enkola ezaawukana ku nsonga gamba ng'okusasula emisolo, obulungi bw'abantu, n'okufuga, era batera okuteeka ebirowoozo ku nsonga z'eby'enfuna mu ngeri enneekusifu mu by'ensi oba enneekwe. Abagaayi b'abantu bwe batuukiriza ebyo bye baagala, ekiva mu gavumenti ekolako kye kiba eky'obuteeyagaza abagagga okusinga omuvvu w'ebyumanda. Okuva mu ku ku ku kukakasibwawo kwa bannannyini mu by'obufuzi oluusi kiwandikiro kye kiyita [[, era kireetawo akakwakkulizo ku ku butebenkenkevu mu by'obufuzi.

Okunoonyereza okwesigika ku ngeri ssente mu by'obufuzi gye zikola ku ngeri y'okussaawomu obuvunaanyizibwa, ekitongole ekirabirira eby'amateeka mu Brennan kifulumya okunoonyereza ku ngeri embalirira ssente gye ziyinza okulongoosebwamu mu kampeyini ne ku ngeri gye ziyinza okuleetawo demokulase. Oyinza okukebera ebyo bye zizudde mu Brennan Center for Justice[]

Okuwagira Ensimbi mu Kampeereza

Olw’okuba amawanga mangi gamanyi nti kaweefube akoleddwa okulemesa enkola ya demokulase okugobererwa, gataddewo enteekateeka ez'okusobozesa obulabi obw'omu nsi obutalagibwa mu ngeri etesaana, era gateeka mu kifo ekiyinza okusobozesa okuteeka obuzannyo obwo mu nkola obukyamu.

Engeri Ezitera Okugobererwamu

Enkola esingirayo ddala okuba enfuge mu kugaba kwe kuteekawo ekkomo erikkirizibwa okuwera [, eriko enknya buli muntu oba ekiwandikiro ekisobola okuwa omuteesi oba akakiiko k'eby'obufuzi. Ebigere ku muntu yenna awaayo bisobola okuziyiza abagagga abaleme okufugibwa obulyi bw'enguzi obungi n'okukendereza obunene. Amagatte mangi gateeka ekkomo eriko, ne gateekako nnamba z'oyo awaddeyo mu bungi bw'obululu era ne mu bukiiko obukola eky'okulonda, buli omukibwa n'ayinza okusobozesa abateempanisiti n'okukibwa okukolebwa.

Ebisaanyizo by'okuyingiza mu nfuna bye bimu ku musingi ogw'okussaawo enzigi nyingi. Amateeka gano bwe galagira okusaasaanyizibwa mu lujjudde, gasobozesa abavvuoti, bannamawulire, ne ebibiina ebikuuma ebiwandiiko okuzuula engeri ssente gye zitambulamu mu by'obufuzi. Okulaga enjawulo tekusobozesa bantu kuggyamu buzibu obutaliwo, naye kusobozesa omuntu okwanika enkolagana wakati w'abo abawaddeyo n'abakungu abalondeddwa. Mu Amerika, ekitongole ekifuga ekikola ku by'obukulembeze kya Federal Ecompution Comment okulappolaa, wadde nga ekiwandiiko mu mateeka kikkiriza okumanyibwa nga ssente ezitali bya mu nfunamu zireeyambi.

Enteekateeka zino zikola ku kukendeeza abo ababa bawaddeyo ssente eziba ziweereddwawo abagagga era zikubiriza n'okuteekamu ssente ezibakwatako. Amawanga nga Canada ne Bugirimaani gakoze enteekateeka ez'enteeko ez'enjawulo ez'okuwaayo mu ggwanga, ng'ate gavumenti za Amerika ne kampuni zigezesezza programu eziba zigobererwa ezikwata ku ssente eziweebwayo okusobola okukendeeza ku buyambi bw'okuwaayo okw'ensi yonna.

Regulatory Approach Key Characteristics Example Jurisdictions
Contribution Limits Restrict amounts donors can give; reduce influence of large donors United States (federal limits), United Kingdom, Japan
Disclosure Requirements Mandate public reporting of contributions and expenditures United States, Canada, European Union
Public Financing Provide public funds to candidates; reduce reliance on private money Canada, Germany, New York City
Spending Limits Cap total campaign expenditures; often paired with public financing United Kingdom, France

Okupikirizibwa n’Okuweereza nga Bannamukadde

Era n'amateeka agategekeddwa obulungi gakola nga bannassawa. Amateeka ga kampeyini agakwata ku by'ensimbi gazibuwaza poliisi, kubanga abo abawaayo era n'abo abagenda okugenda ku kampegaano bayinza okugezaako okukweka ekkomo eri ekkomo okuyitira mu kuwaayo mu ngeri ezitamanyiddwa, okugaba ebiwereddwa oba emmotoka ezeeyambisibwa. Mu Amerika, okuyitikkula kw'eby''''obukugukujjukujju nga bagoberera ebiti by'abagibwa mu kkooti enkulu mu 2010, kiresembyewo nti kampuni n'obupiyungi bw'eby'ebyobufuzi, singa tebakolagana na kaweefube.

Ebitongole ebikola ku nkyukakyuka mu ngeri ey'enjawulo, gamba nga Federal Ecomment Commission (FEC), bikosebwa nnyo olw'enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa ku nkyukakyuka mu mateeka ezinnaawerezawo okunoonyereza era ne zikendeeza ku buwagizi. Abeekenneenya abamu bagamba nti okusobola okuzzaawo enkola y'okugobererwa kw'ebintu n'okubikkiririzibwa, waliwo obuzibu obw'amaanyi obulaga nti okukendeeza ku n'okukmanya ekkomo eririnvu, era nti enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi ezikolebwa mu mateeka okusimu enkola y'okusikirizisa abatuuze mu United, oba okukolebwa kw'abafuzi abatuuze abagwa mu kampunizo, tezisobola kuvaamu kakwatego.

Ekiragiro kino bwe kiba kya kikola ku kampeyini, entegeka ya buli nsi ewa byeyateefu by'eby'obugagga ku .

Okulabikira ng’Obukuumi obw’Eddembe ly’Eddembe ly’Okukola n’Eby’Omwoyo

Okulaga enjawulo kutera okwogerwako nga enkola ettaka mu nkola ya demokulase era kulina kinene kye kukola mu kusobozesa okugonjoola ebizibu ebiva mu kaweefube. Abateesiteesi bwe bamanya ani afuna ssente eziva mu kulonda, basobola okusala emisango egikwata ku butakkaanya obuyinza okujjawo era n'ebikwata ku mukungu alondeddwa. Okulabira ku nkola y'okulaga enjawulo era kisobozesa bannamawulire n'ebibiina by'abantu okunoonyereza ku n'ebivudde mu kussaawo z'amateeka, nga babikkula emitendera egiyinza okukwekebwa.

Ebikozesebwa Okulaga Empandika

Mu myaka egyakayita, ebyuma ebikozesebwa ku kompyuta biyambye nnyo abanoonyereza ku ngeri gye basobola okuzuulamu era n'okwetegereza engeri kaweefube gye yakolebwamu. Nga bwe kiragibwa mu Platforms assource appectives, kisobozesa abakozesa okukebera enkola ez'okuyita mu makolero, abo ababa bagenda okweteebwa, n'ebiseera nga bannassawansi. Eby'okukozesa bino biyambye abakungu okumanyisa abakungu nga babaako kye bavunaanyizibwa mu kuvumbula kaweefube w'eby'obufuzi. Amagatte agamu era gakoze ne enkola esobozesa okuzuula ebikwata ku nkola y'okubikkulwawo, era n'okulamyawo n'ongeza obwagazi.

Kyokka, okulabirako si kye kiyamba omuntu okutegeera obulungi enjabula y'ebiba biguddewo. Mu kulemererwa okuteekawo ekkomo, okulabikira kuyinza okuleetera ssente okuba ez'enjawulo era ne kisobozesa omuntu obutamanya kifo ssente kye ziyinza kuva mu by'obufuzi. Ssente bwe zikulukuta mu mikutu egikulaakulanyizibwa obulabi, okulabirako n'okulonda ani agezaako okubabuzaabuza. Okusiba ssente ezo kyetaagisa okussaayo ennyo omwoyo ku by'amateeka era n'okutuukiriza obweyamo obw'okuziwandisizza mu kunoonyereza.

Engeri Abantu gye Bakolamu

Ebibinja ebitali bya gavumenti (NGOS) n'ebibiina ebikola obukulembeze birina kinene kye bikola mu kukuuma kampeyini n'okukakasa nti wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu by'obufuzi. Ebibiina nga Common Campaign Legal Center, Sunday Foundation, byayanika obuyinza obw'amaanyi ku bantu, okuwakanya okuttulwa, n'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nkola z'amateeka ezinyweza obwetwaze bwa demokulase. Okufuba kwabwe kusobola okukuuma obukiiko obulondeddwa n'obw'ebitongole ebikola ku kampuni ne ku nkola z'eby'obukulembeze okusobola okukuuma etteeka erikwata ku by'empula.

Enkola ya demokulase yesigamye ku kugattika obukwasi n'okusuubira abantu okumanyiira kye bali. Endowooza y'ensi yonna ku ngeri ez'okulabirako, omulimu ogukolebwa mu kulaga enjawulo mu nsi yonna , nga gusobola okukozesebwa mu international [, ewa amagezi ku nkolagana eri wakati w'essente mu by'obufuzi ne demokulase mu nsi yonna.

Okunoonyereza ku Kaweefube w’Enkola ey’Eby’Eby’Enfuna

Okunoonyereza okukwata ku nsonga ezitali zimu okuva mu nsi ezitali zimu, gamba ng'amateeka, obuwangwa, n'obuwagizi mu by'obufuzi, biraga nti enkola y'okukuuma abaami ba mateeka esobola okugobererwa.

Canada: Ekyokulabirako eky’Okukoppa Abantu Bonna

Kaweefube ow'eby'ensimbi ow'omu Canada atera okugobererwa okusobola okutegeka obulungi embeera za demokulase ne demokulase. Oluvannyuma lw'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'enkola ezizze zitandika mu mwaka gwa 1970 era ezikomyawo mu mwaka gwa 2000, Canada eteeka ekkomo ku ngeri eziweebwayo, okuwera kwa kampuni n'ebitongole ebizingirwa mu by'obufuzi era n'okuwaayo mu ntegeka z'eby'obufuzi. Okugeza kuno kukendeezza ku nkola z'abagagga era ne kussawo ekitongole kya Canada kikubisaalira abawaabiina abagenda mu by'esambajjuzi. Kyokka, Canada ekyakula kisigala nga kikyakuyimirizibwamu okulanga ebitongole ebigaba ebikola ebibye mu masaza ne mu magatte ga divityce, nga kiraga nti tewali nkola ya mu by'obukulembe obw'obukulembe obw'obukulembe.

Amerika: Waaliwo Okusoomoozebwa wakati w’Okukyuka n’Okutakkiriza Enkyukakyuka

Okwawukana ku ekyo, Amerika efunye ekibonerezo eky'okumenyawo amateeka mu myaka egyakayita, nga n'emisango egisalibwako kkooti ey'oku ntikkooti enkulu gikwata ku kaweefube ow'okukuuma olulimi. Ekivuddemu, enkola ey'okweyawulayawulamu era ey'okukkiriza ebiteekusifu okukozesebwa ssente ezikozesebwa kampuni, amagatte, obutuuze, n'abantu abagagga. Wadde nga ebiweebwayo n'ebyetasalibwawo bikyaliwo mu ggwanga, okweyongera kw'ebiwandiiko ebiyitibwa Super PAC n'essente ezinzikkusifu bikyusizza nnyo ensi yonna, ne kiba kizibu okukebera ddala obuyinza bw'okugaba kw'ebintu ebikolerwa.

Gavumenti ezimu ez'Amerika zikoze kyonna ekisoboka okunyweza ebiragiro ebya kampeyini. Ng'ekyokulabirako, programu y'essente ezikwatagana ne New York City ewa enteekateeka ey'ebiweebwayo ebiweebwayo ebitono okuva mu bibuga ebinene, nga bikubiriza abo abaagala okufuna obuwagizi okuva mu bitundu ebinene so si mu bantu abangi abawaayo. Okunoonyereza kuno mu bitundu bya New York kusobozesa nnyo okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nsi yonna.

Bugirimaani: Ekika ky’Ebibinja Ebikuumibwamu n’Ebizimbe by’Abantu

Bugirimaani egatta awamu ssente eziweebwa gavumenti z'ebitundu by'eby'obufuzi era n'ebisaanyizo ebiba byetaaga okuteekebwawo. Enteekateeka eno ekolebwa ku kukendeeza abantu abeeyambisibwa ku abo abagaba obuyambi ate era ekakasa nti ensawo zaabwe zirabika eri abantu. Amateeka ga Bugirimaani era geetaagisa abantu okumanyisa amannya g'abo abawaayo agasukka ku mu kipimo kya gavumenti, era okuwaayo okulina okukolebwawo amangu. Enkola eno eyambye abantu okusigala nga bassa obwesige mu nkola y'ebyobufuzi, wadde nga kikwata ku ngeri enkola za kampuni gye zigenda nga zeeyongera okuziganya.

fundikira

Kampeyini bwe butayinza kwewangulwa, era nga zisobozesa okuleetawo okuvuganya mu by'obufuzi n'okulonda. Kyokka, zireetawo ebibuuzo ku nkola za demokulase. Ssente bwe zigattibwa okuva ku bagagga n'abantu abategekeddwa obulungi, akabi ak'okunyoola enkola ya demokulase era n'okwekima kw'abantu abatafaanagana, bwe kyongera okusoomooza omusingi gwa teyokulase mu by'obufuzi.

Obulagirizi obulungi busobola okusobozesa abantu okumanyika obulungi era n'okuddukanya enkola za kampeyini. Wadde nga tewali ntegeka ntegeka eyinza kumalawo ekifo ky'essente mu by'obufuzi, enkola eza ntegeka ennungi ziyinza okukendeeza ddala akabi kabyo era ne zikuuma obugolokofu bw'obufuzi bwa demokulase. Abatuuze, abafuzi, n'abawagizi ba mateeka balina okubeera abeegendereza mu kukuuma omusingi buli kalulu nga buli kireeteeti ky'osaanidde okubeera n'obunene bwenkana ate n'okutuuka ku buyinza bwa gavumenti tekulina kusinziira ku bunene bwa banka z'omuntu.

Mu nkomerero, okusoomooza okukolebwa kw'enkola z'okugaba tekukoma ku kuleetawo kampeyini, wabula kugezesa kwa demokulase. Abagagga abakkirizibwa okuvvuunula obuyinza mu by'obufuzi, balemesebwa mu by'obufuzi. N'olwekyo, okufuba okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu kaweefube, kwe kulwanirira emmeeme ey'okugoberera demokulase era n'okugoberera emisingi gy'omutindo gwa demokulase eri abo bonna abakkiririza mu kisuubizo eky'okwefuga bokka.