Amakanisa aga gavumenti galina obuyinza obw'amaanyi mu kukyusa amateeka n'enkola z'abayeekera mu Amerika yonna. Ebyo bye basalawo bisalawo engeri amateeka gye gakolebwamu, gye gakyusibwamu, oba gye gakyusibwamu, nga bikubiriza butereevu enkola y'obwenkanya n'obutebenkevu mu bantu. Nga bateekawo obulagirizi obulagira okulondoola empisa za poliisi, abakwasi b'amateeka bakola ng'abagoba obukulu mu nkola y'enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuwanguzi bw'abantu buli mwaka. Ekitundu kino kikebera engeri gavumenti gye zikozesa okugoberamu amateeka, n'okuteekawo enkola ezigoberezebwa mu nkola z'amateeka, n'obusobozi z'emirimu gyabwe.

Engeri Abakulembeze b’Eggwanga gye Bakolamu Ekibonerezo ky’Obumenyi bw’Amateeka

Amakampuni ga gavumenti ge gavunaanyizibwa ku kukola n'okuteekawo amateeka agakwata ku mpisa z'abamenyi b'amateeka, enkola z'amateeka, n'okusalira emisango. Ab'obuyinza buno butwalira wamu n'okutonda ebibi ebippya, okulongoosebwa kw'ebibonero ebiriwo, era n'okuteekawo ssente ezikozesebwa mu kutuukiriza obwenkanya mu nkola z'amateeka. Obutafaananako gavumenti ey'ensi eyo erina kye yakola ekirengo, amakanisa ge gafuga ebibi ebisinga obungi mu Amerika, nga mw'otwalidde n'obumenyi bw'emisango egy'eby'eby'amaguzi, n'emisango egiva mu kwekamirira amalagalala.

Abakulembeze era balina amaanyi okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu kukendeeza ebbeesaawo obunene bw'ennamba, okusala obusosoze n'okutumbula enkola za poliisi mu langi. Ekiragiro kino kitegeeza nti entegeka eno efuga esobola okusalirawo abantu ab'omu bitundu ebyo byonna bye baagala. Ng'ekyokulabirako, kakiiko akategese ka gavumenti kayinza okusalawo ku nsonga ezikwata ku ssigala nga tekuteekamu omuze mungi oluyinja, ne kateekawo enkola ey'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu by'okwerinda ebitongole bya poliisi.

Ebitongole n’Ebitundu Ebikola Akakiiko Akakola ku Bulambe

Enkola y'okussaawo amateeka okusobola okuleetawo ensala y'amateeka etandika n'okuyingiza ensawo y'omubaka wa gavumenti. Oluvannyuma olusawo olwo luweebwa obukiiko obukola ku nsonga z'abamenyi b'amateeka, gamba nga Akakiiko Akakola ku by'obutebenkevu oba Akakiiko Akagatta Amawanga Amagatte. Obukiiko buno buwuliriza abawi b'amateeka, abakugunja abawagizi, abawagizi, n'abakungu b'amateeka.

Akakiiko kayinza okusemba, okusemba, oba okutta amabanja nga tegannaba kutuuka mu kifo kyonna eky'okulonda. mu bitundu bingi, akakiiko kayinza okukola enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi, gamba nga okukyusa enzivvuunuzi z'okusala emisango oba okuteeka ssente mu kampuni za poliisi. Oluvannyuma lw'okuyisa akakiiko, ebiwandiiko bigenda wansi mu kisenge eky'okuteesa n'okulonda. Singa kagitwala mu kisenge ekirala, essoosa gye ligenda. Emirundi mingi, enjawulo wakati w'obusenge bw'obutundu obubiri zigonjookka obukola enteekateeka ya polimu zigonjoozebwa nga tekinnasindikibwa gassa nkyusalala kugenda ku mu lukalala.

Endowooza y’Abayigirizwa n’Okunoonyereza

Ebibiina ebikola ku buyigirize nga American Civil Liberates Union, Vera Institute of Justice, ne Brennan Center for Justice birina kinene kye bikola mu kukyusa amateeka g'ensi. Ebibiina bino bikola ku biwandiiko eby'okukoppa, alipoota, n'obujulizi ebitegeeza abawagizi b'amateeka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Ekitongole Brennan Center[ bifulumya ebikwata ku ku ku kukendeeza amakomera g'amakomera era ne kuggyawo ekibonerezo ekibaliraagiddwa ekibadde kikozesebwa amakanisa agatali gamu okuzza obukkirizo.

Okunoonyereza okukwata ku ngeri gye kiyinza okugobererwamu ku bikwata ku kunoonyereza. Okunoonyereza okukwata ku ngeri gye kiyinza okukozesebwa mu kusibibwa mu makomera, engeri ekibonerezo gye kiyinza okukozesebwa mu kusalirawo omusango, n'ebbeeyi y'ebbeeyi y'ebbeeyi y'okuteeka mu kkomera oba okunoonyereza ku nsonga endala, kwogerwako mu kunoonyereza okukolebwa kw'amateeka. Abakwasi b'amateeka beesigama nnyo ku nkola ezikolebwamu okuwa obujulizi naddala mu masaza agakola era ne ku b'ebitongole ebikola ku mateeka.

Engeri Obwesigwa mu Gavumenti gye Bukwata ku Kintu eky’Ekyokulabirako

Enteekateeka za gavumenti zifuga enkola y'abayeekera mu nkola y'okukuza abapoliisi okuyitira mu mateeka agafuga enkola y'okukuuma obukwasi bw'amateeka, okusasula ssente, n'okuvunaana omusango.

Enkozesa y’Etteeka lya Maanyi

Ekimu ku bifo ebisinga okubaamu obukuubagano kwe kufuga enkola ya poliisi. Oluvannyuma lw'ebikolwa eby'omungangaanyi eby'amaanyi, eggwanga nnyingi ziwagidde amateeka agakugira abakungu okukozesa amaanyi ag'omutawaana. Ng'ekyokulabirako, gavumenti ezimu zeetaagisa abakungu okuziyisa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo okusobola okukomya omulimu ogwo n'okukozesa enkola ey'okuggyamu obukulembedde mu buyinza. Amateeka gaawera okuzikkiriza okussaawo emitindo gy'eggwanga, nga gino bwe giteetegeezebwa eyo egikkirizibwa

Abakulembeze ba gavumenti era basalawo ekibonerezo ekiyinza okufunibwa abakungu abamenya amateeka. Mu bitundu ebimu, munnamateeka oyo ayinza okulumiriza abakungu ba gavumenti olw'okuba abawaabuzi baakaka nnyo, ate nga gavumenti endala zikoze obukiiko obwekusifu obukola ebibamba ebiwerako nga birina obuyinza obusinga obunene. Enkyukakyuka mu nkola zino ziraga nti abakungu ba gavumenti ba njawulo era nti n'amaanyi g'amakampuni ga poliisi mu bitundu eby'enjawulo.

Kamera ey'Omubiri n'okutaangaala kw'ennukuta

Ebitundu ebirala eby'enkola y'enkola y'amateeka okusobola okussaawo kamera, ebitongole bingi bitaddewo amateeka agafuga enkola ey'okuteeka mu kamera, awamu n'amateeka agakwata ku ddi lwe kiba kyetaagisa okuzimbibwa, engeri gye kiterekebwamu, era n'ekiseera gye kiyinza okuweebwa abantu. Amateeka gano gaagala okwongera okulabibwa n'okuvunaanyizibwa, naye era galaga n'ebbeeyi y'okwerinda. Amakampuni agamu gataddemu enteekateeka ezigobererwa okuwagira okugula kamera n'okuddukanya obubaka.

Ensimbi n’Obusobozi bw’Okukozesa Obulungi

Enteekateeka za gavumenti zikola ku nteeko z'obutongole bwa poliisi era zitera okuwaayo ssente oba enkola ensimbi okuwagira okugobererwa kw'amateeka mu kitundu. Nga zikyusa ebipimo by'essente, amasosiyero gayinza okuteekawo enkola eziba zigobererwa mu bitongole ebigoberera emitindo gy'obukulembezebwa bwa poliisi, oba nga zenyigira mu kutendekebwa kw'obulwadde bw'obwongo.

Engeri y’Okufugamu n’Okuvunaanibwa

Abakulembeze bayinza okuteekawo oba okuwa amaanyi obukiiko obukola ku by'okwekenneenya ebizimbe nga obukiiko bwa poliisi, ebitongole ebikola ku by'ewandike oba abalambuza ba siteegi ya gavumenti. Ebitongole bino bisobola okukebera ebirengo, ebiwandiikibwa abapoliisi, era ne bisemba enkola ez'okukangavvula.

Ebyokulabirako Ebikulu eby’Okukola ku Buwanguzi

Ebyokulabirako bino wammanga biraga engeri etteeka erifuga gavumenti gye liyinza okugootaanya enzijanjaba z'amateeka. Buli kitundu kya mateeka kiraga engeri abateesitemu amateeka gye bakozesezzaamu obuyinza bwabwe okuleetawo enkyukakyuka.

Okukyusa Emirimu n’Okugikozesa mu Mateeka

Emyaka nga kkumi egiyise, essomero nyingi zikendedde ku bibonero ebiweebwa omuntu okusobola okufuna enjaga entono, era bangi bakkirizibwa mu mateeka okuzannya. Enkyukakyuka zino ez'amateeka zikendeezezza nnyo okukwatibwa kwa spinari, okwakwata abantu abatono ennyo. Okusinziira ku nkola y'ekitongole ekimanyiddwa nga ]Vera Ekitongole ekya Kkongozebwa mu by'amateeka [], kigamba nti okuwerebwa obukyasimu oba okukkirizibwa mu mateeka, enjaga yakendeera nnyo okukwatibwa okw'enjaga, ne kisobozesa obuteeteeka obutego obw'amaanyi mu ku mateeka.

Wadde nga kati essigala terikkirizibwa kukozesebwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo, amawanga agamu gakendeezezza ebibonerezo ebiweebwa abantu abalala, gamba ng’okubeera n'obutwa obutonotono obuyitibwa heroin oba cocaine, nga gakyusa engeri z'okujjanjaba.

Kamera ku Mubiri

Michael Brown bwe yafa mu Ferguson, Missouri, mu 2014, amakanisa ga gavumenti mu nsi yonna gaatandikawo ssente ezeetaagisa abapoliisi okwambala kamera. Omwaka gwa 2023 we gwatuukira, gavumenti nga 40, zaateekawo amateeka agaawula kamera. Amateeka gano galina okuteeka mu kampuni okusobola okuteeka mu nkola enkola ya kamera, okuteekawo enteekateeka ez'okuteeka obuwanvu ku bantu mu mpalo, era n'okukuba obutambi mu mbeera ezimu. Ng'obusobozi bwa Colorado ne Connecticut, amawanga agamu gasabye kamera okuteebwa mu kiseera nga kiweddeko obutyabaga obuzzemu ebisasinze ku muntu afuddeko.

Okusasula Ebibiina

Okutongoza okuzza ekibonerezo kya kukyusa ebiba bifunze mu lukiiko lwa gavumenti. Amasaza mangi gakendedde ekibonerezo ekiba kya ggalagi okuggyako ekibonerezo ekiragiddwa nga tegabaddemu bikolwa bya ttemu, era ne gayongera amaanyi mu kusalira abalala omusango nga kkooti z'eby'obulamu n'eby'obwoyamono. Ng'ekyokulabirako, essaza lya California likozeseddwawo obululu naye ne ligobererwa abateesiteesi b'ebibanja ebimu n'ebyanjabi bya limu, ne liba nga liba nga likosebwa bubi, ne liviirako okukendezebwa mu mateeka agamenyesebwawo mu makomera g'eby'amalagalala. Mu ngeri y'emu, Louisi Louisiana ne Missippis bayisa amateeka okusoosa obusazesebwawo ebisale eby'ebisale by'amalaga amalaga ganjanja.

Teage [[NKULU]: Ebibonero eby'Empisa Enkyukakyuka ebyakolebwa Omuyaaso gwa State [[[Akabonero:1]

'[[:0]] Endagiriro eddirira elagibwa mu mpandika eya fayiro nga eraga ebifa ku fayiro. Obubonero obw'enkumbo n'obubonero bulaga enkola ya mataba.

  • [[Act:0] California:[[NT:1] Kiremy'eteeka obunene obwali ku kiragiro eky'okuggyawo ebikolobero ebireetebwa abantu bangi nga balina ebiragalalagala (2015).
  • New York [[Akatundu]] New York:[[NKULU] Yakyusa amateeka g'enjaga mu lutiba lwa Rockefeller, ne kikendeeza ebibonero ku bibi by'enjaga ebya wansi (2009).
  • [[Akawayiro:0]] Obubonero obuleetera abamenyi b'amateeka abalwadde mu birowoozo obutatwala ssente mu kifo kya bulijjo:[[[AGUMENTI]]
  • [[AKML:0]Oklama:[ Empandika ezisazeeko esala ku nzivuunula empya ezaasumulula ebikumi n'ebikumi by'abasibe (209).

Engeri y’Okukozesaamu Amaanyi n’Etteeka Erikwata ku Buvunaanyizibwa

Nga wayiseewo okutemu omutemu wa George Floyd, kampuni nnyingi eza gavumenti zaayisa amateeka agakugira enkola ya poliisi. Minnesota, gye yattirwa, yateekawo okuwerezebwa kw'envumbo ezinnyigisa era ne bannassawa abeetaaga okuyingira mu nsonga singa mukozi munne akozesa amaanyi agasingako. Gavumenti amalala, nga mw'otwalidde New York ne Washington, galesezza omulimu ogw'okunoonya ebiba bifunzidwa mu lukalala lwa poliisi era gaalagira okuteeka akamera mu n'enkola ya gavumenti. Amakampuni agamu gaagezesezza obusaze obw'okutta bannaapolisi ne gaggyako abawaabi b'abawaabi b'omukolopoowa b'omu kitundu ekyo.

Okukyuka

Okulongoosebwa kw'amakomera kibadde kitundu ekirala eky'enkunala eky'omulimu gwa bannakyewa. Amasaza agatali gamu nga mw'otwalidde New Jersey, California ne New York, gakomyezza enkola zago okukendeeza ku ssente eziweebwa abawawaabi abatali baddu. Ssente ezibawaayirwa 2017 ze ziviiriddeko 35 ku kikumi ku kikendeeza ku muwendo gw'abasibe mu makomera mu myaka ebiri egy'enkola, ate era n'okukuuma n'emiwendo gya kkooti. Kyokka, gavumenti ezimu zikyusizza enkola eyo oluvannyuma lw'okukuba obujulizi abawaabirize ku nsonga ez'eby'ettemu. Kino kiraga nti okukubagambiriraana kwa bannabyabufuzi okwaliwo mu kukyusa nkola y'amateeka.

Okusumululwa n’Okumenyeka

Gavumenti nnyingi zitaddewo amateeka agateeka obuwandiike oba agasika ku biwandiiko by'abamenyi b'amateeka ebimu, naddala agakwata ku baana abanyazi oba enjaga. Amateeka gano gagenderedde okukendeeza ku bizibu ebiva mu lukalala lw'abamenyi b'amateeka, gamba ng'ensalo ezibakugira emirimu, aw'okusula n'eby'enjigiriza. Ng'ekyokulabirako, etteeka lya Michigan eririkwasibwa "Decup Slate", eryateekebwawo mu 2020, libugyamu obukyamu oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera nga terindagidde bantu kukola nga basaba. Amateeka ng'ago gatera kugobeeteebwa bannaandiisa abakkirizisaamu mu by'emirimu gy'eby'eby'enfuna.

Endowooza Ekwata ku Mateeka n’Obukulembeze mu Gavumenti

Omusango bwe guba gukoleddwa, kaweefube ow'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu by'enkola, enkyukakyuka bwe zikolebwa, ekendeeza ku muwendo gw'abakwatibwa, okusosola mu langi, era n'okukakasa nti amateeka gagonjooleddwa. Kyokka, enjawulo ziyinza okujjawo okusinziira ku kutuukiriza n'okugobereza.

Okukendeeza ku Miwendo gy’Okusawula

Gavumenti ezikoze enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'okusalira ab'amakomera ezze ekendeera nnyo mu bantu b'omu makomera. Parent Trusts, wakati wa 2008 ne 2021, abantu b'omu makomera ga Amerika beeyongedde obungi olw'enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu magye. Ng'omulembe gwa New Jersey, California, ne Texas, ebibali mu makomera nabyo bikendeeza ku muwendo gw'ekkomera ate n'obumenyi bw'amateeka ne buleetera ekiteetandirira eky'okuba nti obukuumi bw'amakomera bweyongerayongera, naye nga n'ebyawumba ebyo tebiba bya muwendo nnyo. Kyokka, okukendezebwa kwa maanyi tekwawukana mu bitundu ebimu eby'amakomera gaabwe mu kiseera kye kimu.

Okugonjoola Obutakkaanya mu Busosoze

Obusosoze mu langi kyebuteereddewo mu kusala emisango mu bwenkanya. Amakampuni g'ensi mu ngeri gagezaako okugonjoolera ensonga nga baggyawo ensawo z'ensawo, okukomya okuddukanya obukiiko obufuga enjawukana mu langi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Washington etteeka ekyetaagisa okukakasa amateeka okuwera okukoma ku ntambula okuva ku langi, okulekawo olukalala lw'enjawukana mu langi, okuleka olukiiko oluwandikiro okuzuula oba okusala endagiriro ez'endagiriro ez'enjawulo. Mu ngeri y'emu, Coloradododood yassaawo etteeka erikugira okuko abantu abanyazesebwa abawagguusibwako amateeka n'okumenya emitindo gy'ebiddukanya ebitono. Kyokka, okukulaakulana kukolebwa bunnakwo, ennyimba ez'enkola.

Okulongoosa Enkolagana ya Bapoliisi

Okukyusa mu ngeri nti okugaliza abasirikale okulabirirwa n'okuvunaanyizibwa kiyinza okunyweza enkolagana wakati wa poliisi ne bannabyabufuzi. Kamera, obukiiko obulabirizi, n'okuteeka ku nkola emitindo egiba gigobererwa bisobozesa abantu okukitegeera nti bavunaanyizibwa mu bwenkanya. Abantu bwe balaba nti abasirikale bavunaanyizibwa olw'ebikolwa ebikyamu, obwesigwa busobola okuzzibwawo. Kyokka, enkyukakyuka ezimu zizzeewo okuva ku bapoliisi n'abagabuzi abamu nga bagamba nti bakugira amateeka agafuga ennyinyi era nti obumenyi bw'amateeka bw'ayongera obumenyi bw'amateeka. Empakankakasa wakati w'abakungu n'abakungu mu nsi yonna esigala nga buli nsonga ya kuvuganya.

Okusoomooza n’Okuvumirira Enkyukakyuka Ezibaawo mu Kkomera ly’Eggwanga

Wadde nga wabaddewo enkulaakulana mu by'enkola, amasomero ga gavumenti gasoomoozebwa nnyo mu kussaawo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi.Propultiga articans emirundi mingi ereetera abantu okugezaako okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu okuteeka mu nkola enzivuunula y'amateeka, era enkola y'abawagizi b'amateeka eyinza okukendeeza ku mutindo gw'okuvunaanyizibwa ku nsonga.

Okukyusa Endowooza z’Eby’obufuzi

Ekiragiro ekimu kyagootaanya enkola y'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu ngeri nti, abateeyisa mu ngeri ey'obwenkanya baawagiranga "rrecuit" n'okussaawo enziragiro mu kuleetawo okubonerezebwa kw'amateeka mu bantu. Kyokka, mu myaka egyakayita, ensonga ereeteddwawo nnyo. Eggwanga ezimu zikirabye nti okuwakanya enkyukakyuka ez'enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, nga baayisa abateesiteesi bavunaana enkola ey'okweyongerayongera mu bungi bw'obumenyi bw'amateeka. Bino biviiriddeko okukendeeza ku nkyukakyuka mu bifo ebimu era ne biviirako n'okukyusa endowooza z'abantu mu New York.

Kampuni z’Okwatuukiriza

Ne bwe kiba nti sipiidi ya gavumenti ereetera ab'obuyinza okuyisa etteeka erigonjoolera ddala, ebitongole bya poliisi biyinza okuziyiza amateeka amapya, abawaabi bayinza okulemesa ekigendererwa ky'amateeka nga bawaabiriza abawandiisi wansi w'amateeka amalala, era kkooti ziyinza obutafuna bisaanyizo kukola ku nteekateeka empya. Ng'ekyokulabirako, gavumenti nnyingi zireese amateeka ageetaagisa okutendekereza abakungu ba gavumenti mu nsonga ezitali zimu, naye okutendeka okwo tekuyinza kuba nga kukkirizibwa oba kuweebwa ssente, era nga kusobozesa okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa. Abakulembeze n'okulabirizibwa n'okukugunjulwa mu mateeka okusobola okukakasa nti amateeka gakola ekiba kye kikola.

Ebivaamu

Okukyusa ezimu kuvuddemu ebiteeberezebwa. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okuzza obubanguzi ku mateeka agaakolebwa abantu nga tebannawo, kyaviirako abawaabi b'amateeka okulangirira nti amalagala agamu gazze galongoosebwa. Mu ngeri y'emu, amalagala agamu gayinza okukozesebwa abantu singa tegagendera wamu na bujjanjabi obumala okukolebwa. N'olwekyo, amateeka galina okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu ngeri ey'obwegendereza esobola okutuukiriza enteekateeka n'okukyusaamu okusinziira ku mitendera egiba gikoleddwa.

fundikira

Amakanisa aga gavumenti gakola kinene nnyo ku nkola ezikolebwa mu nkola z'obumenyi bw'amateeka ne eby'ekitongole mu Amerika. Obuyinza bwazo okuteekawo enkyukakyuka ezisobozesa okukendeeza ku kusibibwa, okulongoosebwa, n'okutereeza obusosoze mu langi, tebwenkanankana na matabi amalala aga gavumenti. Ebyokulabirako ebyo byannyonnyolwa nga(ww'okuva ku ku kuggya oludda mu nkola n'okusimba obusimba obubonerevu mu mateeka okusalira omusango ogw'okuzza emisango ku nkola y'amateeka.)

Kyokka, ekkubo ery'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka teriri mu nkalala. Okusoomooza okw'eby'obufuzi, okugonjoola ebizibu n'okukyusa ebiba tebitegekeddwa byetaagisa okukolebwako bulijjo. Abakola amateeka balina okunoonyereza ennyo, okukolagana n'abo abawagizi, era n'okubeera abeetegefu okukyusiza enkola empya nga tezivuddemu. Enteekateeka ez'ekika kya gavumenti bwe zigenda zikyuka, kyetaagisa okutereeza embeera z'abantu ne ziyongera ku ddembe lya bantu. Gavumenti ezisukka mu 7,000 mu Amerika, obusobozi bw'okumanyisa obusimu obusimu obusimu obusimu enzirimu n'okulonda enkola ey'okulondamu ennungi. Ebiseera eby'okutereeza ebyamu emisango mu biseera eby'omu maaso bijja kuwandiikibwa mu matwale, so si mu Washington, DC.