Endowooza Ekwata ku Kukangavvula kw’Abapoliisi n’Ekunoonyereza ku Ndagaano y’Ensi

Enkolagana wakati w'amateeka ga gavumenti n'okukangavvula kwa poliisi, y'empagi enkulu evunaanyizibwa ku bakuumi b'amateeka. Mu mitala gya Amerika, amakanisa ga gavumenti gateekawo amateeka agakwata ku ngeri ebitongole bya poliisi gye bituukirizaamu emitindo egitali gimu, okunoonyereza mu maaso era n'okukakaatiriza enkola z'okukwasisa. Amateeka gano gannyonnyola eddembe lya bakungu, eb'ebitongole okulabisibwa, n'ebiruubirirwa by'abalabirizi. Okutegeera amateeka gano kya mugaso okusobola okutegeera enkyuka wakati w'obuyinza bwa poliisi n'obusiimigalimu. Enkakaanyi ezikwata ku ku ku kukyusa enkyukakyuka z'amateeka bweyongera, omulimu oba okukugira okuvunaanyizibwa mu ku nsonga z'obukola, abakunguzigizi mu mateeka, n'abakungu abalabirira amateeka.

Ensonga Lwaki Amateeka ga gavumenti Makulu mu Kukangavvula kwa Bapoliisi

Obutafaananako bulabirizi bwa gavumenti, obufuga mu kifo ekimu nga buyisa ekitongole ekikola ku by'obwenkanya (DOJ) ne ku mateeka agafuga amateeka ga gavumenti, buli ggwanga lissaawo amateeka agafuga embeera zaayo ez'omunda. Buli ssemateeka liba n'amateeka agaalyo, nga kino kitera okuvaamu ebiwandiiko bya njawulo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, gavumenti ewalagira abantu okufulumya ebinoonyeze, eyinza okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'amangu, ate nga gavumenti ewandikiro ewawa byuma ebiwanduago esobola okuleetawo obuwangwa obw'ekyamako. Kino kitegeeza nti, omu ku bapoliisi avunaanibwa mu bitundu bibiri eby'enjawulo ayinza okwolekagana n'emitawaazo egy'enjawulo. Olwokivuddemu, ekitongole kikozesebwa mu ku ku ku kulongoosa kwa bapoliisi mu nsonga ez'enjawulo.

Ebiri mu Butundu Obusooka Obusooka Obusooka Okulabula Abapoliisi n’Ebyafaayo by’Abasinga Obumanyirivu

Ebitongole bya poliisi mu nsi yonna byesigama ku nsonga z'ensi (IA) okunoonyereza ku bukyamu. Ebibiina bino byevunaanyizibwa okunoonyereza mu kwemulugunya okuva ku maanyi agasusse mu langi n'obulyi bw'enguzi. Ebiragiro ebigo ebigoberera okunoonyereza okwa IA bisobola okubaamu okulabula ku bigambo, okunenya, okusiba, okusasuza, okugoba, oba okutta obujulizi. Mu misango egy'amaanyi ennyo, emisango giyinza okuleetebwa obwa omuwagizi wa disiturikiti. Kyokka, okunoonyereza ku mateeka kuyinza okwesigamizibwa ku mateeka. Ebyamadda ku kunoonyereza ku biseera nga IA agoberera obujulizi, wadde ng'abakungu abalala bakkirizza obujulizi obutonotono okubuusibwa oba okubunjula obujulizibwa mu maaso.

Enteekateeka y’Ebigambo Ebyali mu Mbeera: Ebikwata ku Nsi

Kitongole ekyo kiwa alipoota omukungu atendekeddwa okukuŋŋaanya obujulizi obulaga obutuufu bw'ensonga eyo. Omukessi oyo akuŋŋaanya alipoota ya poliisi, ebiwaatwa, obujulizi, n'obujulizi bwonna obw'amaanyi. Ekiragiro bwe kimala okunoonyereza, alipoota eweebwa omukungu akulira oba omukungu agiwandiisi. Akakiiko ke kasalawo obanga ensonga ziremeddwa, oba nga tezirina kabonero, oba nga tezirina bukakafu bukakafu bulaga nti ziwedde. Amateeka gasobola okulaga ekikolebwa ku mu nkola eyo yonna, oba kayinza okujjuzibwa, oba kajja kabuuti oba kajja kukolebwa mu bujjuvu.

Obuzibu Obutera Okubaawo mu Kunoonyereza okw’Ennyimirira

Ebibiina ebiyingiza ensonga mu nzikkiriza bitera okusoberwa. Obumu obw'amaanyi, oluusi buyitibwa “ekisenge kya shrimu,” buyinza okulemesa abajulizi okukolera awamu. Amateeka g'ensi agasaba okunoonyereza oba okukoma ku kukozesa obuwandiike obw'okunoonyereza ku nsonga za polylygraphy busobola okubumanya. Okugatta ku ekyo, obuzito obw'obukakafu mu IA businga bukireetera obujulizi "buyinza obutalina bujulizi bungi" (obusinga n'obutalina kye bukola), naye gavumenti ezimu zigezesezza okuzuula omutindo ogwo okusobola okuzuula oba okumatira ddala obujulizi. Bino biraga engeri enyiikibwa ennyo amateeka gye gakyusa ku nkola mu by'onzivvuunuzi.

Ekifo ky’Emirala gy’Eggwanga mu Kutuukiriza Okukangavvula

Amateeka ga gavumenti gassaawo engeri gye gateeka mu nkola enkola eza poliisi ez'okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikwata ku mpisa ez'obugwenyufu. Gannyonnyola eddembe lya bakungu ba poliisi, gassaawo ebyetaagisibwa okulabisa oba okukuuma ebyamaguzi. Amateeka gano gayinza okusobozesa omuntu okubaako ky'avunaanyizibwa oba, mu mbeera ezimu, okukugira obulabirizi, okusinziira ku nteekateeka zaago. Amateeka agatali gamu agafuga enkola y'obukulembeze era n'obukuumi mu nkola y'obukulembeze, amateeka agafuga engeri y'okuwandiika empagibwamu, n'amateeka agafuga engeri y'okukukuuma emmotoka.

Omukungu Aweebwa Eddembe ly’Enkola n’Akakiiko Akakkiriza Eddembe

Ekimu ku bintu ebikulu ennyo ebikolebwa mu mateeka g'ensi yonna kwe kutongoza [[FL:0] Law Conforce Bill of Rights (LEOBR).. Okusooka yayisibwa mu Florida mu 1970, enkola eno eyambiddwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo gavumenti, nga mwe muli Rhodeland, Maryland, Illinois, ne Wisconsian. LeoBR ewandikibwa obukuumi obw'enjawulo mu kunoonyereza okw'omunda, ng'obutuufu bw'okubeerawo, ng'obutuufu obw'okulaba obujulizi obubakwatako nga tebannabuuzibwa, obwa ddembe okulaba obujulizi bwonna nga tebannabuuzibwa, n'okuleka okubonerezebwa okuva mu ku kuteeteeka okusinzira mu kifo ekya waggulu. Wadde nga abavumbuzi bano bawakanya ensonga, baleme okuziganya, era ne bakyuusizza n'okuzza omusango. Era, babadde babadde babadde bakyalayira ddala omukisa okulaba obutuufu olw'okumanyisa obutuufu obw'okumanyisa obuterekebwa obutuufu obw'okuva mu bigambo ebirala, nga LRB, nga 201,

Ebyokulabirako by’Engeri Ezaakuumamu EMMABEGA

  • Nga bagenda okubuuza abakungu nti baweereddwa amabaluwa agamala ennaku 10 nga bagenda okubuuza ebibuuzo.
  • Okugezaako okunoonyereza ku nsonga z’okwemulugunya okutamanyiddwa.
  • Ng’anoonyereza okumala ennaku eziwera.
  • Abakungu baleka abapoliisi okulaba obujulizi bwonna era ne bateekateeka okuwandiisa ebiba biwandiikiddwa nga tebannaba kubuuza bawandiisi.

Buli kimu ku ebyo ebikolebwa kiyinza okusobozesa ebibiina IA okubaamu enkonge. Ng'ekyokulabirako, amalagi gaaweerera ennaku 10 okukolagana, era nga kino kisobozesa omukungu okuteesa ebigambo ebimala ekiseera kiwanvu mu kunoonyereza.

Omusango Oguwagira Okutawaana

Gavumenti ezimu zitaddewo amateeka ageetaagisa okumanyisa abantu engeri gye bakangavvulamu oba okunoonyereza. Amateeka gano gaalagira okumanyisa obulango obwa kampasi obutuufu era n'okukakasa nti bulina okuvunaanibwa abakwasisa amateeka. Ekimu ku nnyiriri z'ebitongole ebikakasa obukwasiddwa amateeka kye California Eskenal Bill 1421] [[[FLL:1]]] (208]) eyalagira okufulumya lipoota ezaali zikwata ku bakungu baavuzi, ez'amaanyi ez'okuteeka mu nkola ez'amaanyi, n'okunoonyereza okw'obukuusa oba obuttujjuzi bw'eby'okwetaba. Etteeka lino lisobola okukomya ebbalibwa kya kyamasaze mu ku kampuni yonna mu kubaako alipoota z'eby'emirembe. Okuyita mu mpandiyinja mu kifo ekitegeeza nti ebijulirwa mu bwangu byayolekebwa mu mateeka, ebijulirwamu biba bireetebwa mu butuufu.

Eggwanga Erimu Ebikola Okulaga Obulaguzi

New York yaddamu okukomyawo amateeka gye yayima 50-a steeka mu 2020, agaali gawandikiddwako obuwandiike obw'okulambula. Repeal yayamba nnyo mu kunoonyereza okwabanga ku George Floyd. Colorado yayisa Bill 20-2]2 [217 mu 2020], ekyali kyetaagisa obukiiko obukwasisa kamera okufulumya ebigere mu bwangu ebikolebwamu ebikolwa eby'amaanyi okusobola okukyusiza kamera okubukyusa. Connet'okuyita mu ngeri y'emu n'okumanyibwa kwa digiti ekikolebwamu. Conneticut ekyayisibwa nga 20[FLT:], nga kikwetaagisa okukolebwa kw'ekitongole ekitongole ekimanyidwamu n'okumanyirikiririmu, nga n'okumanyibwa kwa ddowo ku nsonga ezisinga okukolebwa.

Obukulembeze Bukoma ku Kusalawo

Ku luuyi olulala, amateeka agamu mu gavumenti gakugira obusobozi bw'abakungu ba poliisi okukangavvula oba okukugira obunene bw'ebitongole ebikola okunoonyereza. Amateeka ng'ago gayinza okuleetawo okusoomoozebwa kubanga gayinza okulemesa enkteeka ez'okukwata ku bukwanguzi obw'okuyisa emitindo egy'obukyamu. Mu Ohio, etteeka erimu likugira obukiiko obufuga abakungu ba gavumenti obutanoonyereza ku by'okulabirango, obubateeka mu kifo eky'okukugira okunoonyereza. Ebirango ebirala bikugira okukangavvula ku ku kukolebwa ku bukiiko bwa poli bwa poliisi, singa ensonga tezimalirizibwa mu nnaku 180, abakungu bano tebayinza kubonerezebwa.

Okusinziira ku Kiwandiiko ky’Okusuubiza

Amateeka ga gavumenti agafuga eddembe ly'abakozi era agafuga okugattika gayinza okukendeeza ku kukangavvula. Ebiwandikiro bya poliisi bingi biwagidde enteekateeka ez'okukyusizaamu nga bitegeeza nti omukungu akolera enziragiro mu mateeka ayinza okuleetera abakungu okusazesaamu. Mu magatte agamu, abagoba ba gavumenti ezimu baagobererwa okukolagana n'okukomezebwawo mu kibiina, ne bwe kiba nga waliwo amateeka amanafu, agakola enteekateeka ez'okwesamba. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu Oregon, 20211 baakizuula nti abamenyi b'amateeka bakendeempanya oba 50% eky'okumenya obukabagattiddwa kiyinza okuleetera abakungu okukendeesa oba okugaana obuteeyisa obubi. Wadde nga gavumenti ezimu zigamba nti, abasekererezebwa bano, ne bwe baba nga bagattiddwa wamu n'amateeka, basobozesa enkola ey'obutabaamu.

Etteeka ly’Eggwanga Erivunaanibwa Bapoliisi

Okugattika amateeka ga gavumenti agakwata ku kukangavvula kwa poliisi kubaako kye kutuukiriza. Amateeka agasobozesa okulabikira, okukuuma abafuuyi b'empewo, era n'okukoma, gatera okuleetera abantu okuvunaanibwa omusango. Kyokka, amateeka agakugira galeetawo okusoosa okw'amaanyi mu bitundu eby'omunda, era gayinza okuleka ensobi okutabonerezebwa n'okukwekebwa mu bantu. Okunoonyereza okuva ku mu buwandiike bw'obugolokofu obwa Bannannyini n'ebibiina ebirala ebikuuma abakuumi b'abakuumi b'amasaza okulambula ebiwandiiko n'emiwendo egibalwa ennyo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Texas, okunoonyereza okuva ku nkola yaawunziko, ku bakungu abawa b'amateeka ng'ebitundu ebisirifu mu nsi enneebwe.

Omuwaatwa Ogwekuusa ku Mitindo

Enjawukana mu mateeka g'ensi ereeseewo enkola ey'okuvunaanyizibwa mu biseera eby'emabega. Nga California ne New York[, awateekebwawo enkyukakyuka, bannamawulire basobola okuyingiza obuterekebwa obwa bakungu obutereevu mu mabbaala gaabwe. Kino kisobozesa ebitongole bya poliisi okwewala okuwa abakungu abawandiise ebbyabulibwa ebyafaayo eby'okuyisa obubi nga bannabyabufuzi obwa bulijjo, obumanyibwa nga “omukungu abbaawere". Okwawukanya, okwawukana nga [[FLT:] Nor , amateeka (“abakyala bakkosezza ebiwandiiko eby'entegeka entegeka zaamu” ebifuga awatali kufulumya omusango. Kino kiyinza okuggyibwawo mu ngeri y'okuva mu kibiina ekirala, nga kigamba nti ekigamba nti ekitongole ekimu ekigamba ekigamba oba ekigamba ekigamba nti tekimu eky'ekigo tekirina okukimu.

Ebyakwata ku Mitemwa gy'Emitego gy'Ennyimba

Ebibiina ebikola ku nsonga z'ensi birina okukebera mu mateeka gano buli lunaku. Mu mateeka amangi agafuga obulawuzi, abanoonyereza ku nsonga za IA bakimanyi nti bye bazudde biyinza okwekenneenyezebwa nnyo bannasayansi ne bannabyamaguzi, basobole okuwandiika ebiwandiikibwa mu lukalala. Mu bitundu awateekebwa b'amasasimu, abanoonyereza bayinza obutapikirizibwa nnyo, naye era tebayinza kufiibwako maanyi ge baweebwa abantu. Ate era amateeka agakugira ennyo gayinza okumalamu amaanyi abakozi abo abalaba nga balaba akabi olw'okwewandisizza obusonga obutereevuzi.

Okwetegereza Obulwadde n’Ebyokulabirako

Okusobola okunnyonnyola amateeka g’ensi, kiba kirungi okwekenneenya ebyokulabirako ebitonotono okuva mu mawanga ag’enjawulo.

California: Ekyokulabirako eky’Okulaga Obusobozi bw’Okulaba Obusanyufu

California'[NKUMENTI] era n'etteeka eddako, byakyusa engeri abapoliisi gye bakangavvulaamu. Nga 2019 tennaba, obuwandiike obw'okukangavvula bwabanga bwa kyama. Oluvannyuma lw'omwaka nga SB 1421, ebibiina eby'amawulire byatandika okutegeeza enkumi n'enkumi n'enkumi z'obulombolombo obwakolebwa, obwalaga ebikolwa eby'obugwenyufu ebyabanga bikwekeddwa. Eby'okunoonyereza kwa poli nga [[FLT:] era byayisa amateeka eri [FLT] nga ebitongole byavugabumanya nti abakungu bangi mu bitundu by'eggwanga baabyenyiivuuliddemu obukyamu, nga mw'otwalidde n'okukujjuukiriza n'okumenyamenyamenya. Ebiba nga byayolekedde nga tewali kupikirizibwa. California era yayisa amateeka mu [FLT:][5]

New York: Okumenya amateeka 50 - a n’Ebyaddirira

Okumala amakumi g'emyaka, [[NTL:0] etteeka lya New York eririmu 50-a lyatereka obuwandiike bw'okukangavvula kwa poliisi ne butasumululwa ne mu ngeri ey'okumpi. Oluvannyuma lw'okuwerebwa mu 2020, ekitongole kya New York Civil Liberation Union (NYCLU) ne empapula z'ebitongole eby'omu kitundu baafulumya obuterekezi bw'amaterekero. Ekimu ku ebyo byava ku bujulizi obwa ba poliisi abambo abambo baagikosezza obutereevu obwa bulijjo. Ekitongole ekimu ekya New York era kyayisa ebiteebwa nga tekimanyiddwa olw'ensonga ez'enjawulo. [[FLT:]

Florida: LEOBR Enjuba Ennyo, Enjawulo Enjawulo Ennyo

Florida kye kyasooka okuteekawo amateeka okuteekawo ekiwandiiko ky'abalamuzi abakwata eddembe era nga kino tekikkirizibwa. Amateeka gawa abalamuzi obukuumi obumala okunoonyereza ku nsonga z'amateeka, era gateekawo n'obudde obw'okunoonyereza ku lunaku olw'ekika kya 180. Singa okunoonyereza okwo tekumalibwa mu kiseera ekyo, omukungu oyo tayinza kubonerezebwa nga afunye ekiwandiiko ekitonotono okuva eri omulamuzi. Gaateeka omusango ogwo mu mateeka ga Florida okuzimalako omwaka nga guwedde. Okugatta ku ekyo, amateeka agawandiise mu mpandiika ga bantu ga Florida gawandiisa ebiwandiike eby'okuvunaanibwa nga takwasizza musango. Bwe kivaamu, abakungu mu Florida baggya abakungu bannagw'abamenyi b'amateeka amanya abo abawandiikibwa olw'okukyusa obuwabuzi. Ebibinja by'abamenyi b'amateeka bayitibwa Adcobigattiddwawo, ate ne bategeezebwa obwe okuzza abantu okuzza obutongole.

Oregon ne Washington: Enjawulo eri mu bukiika kkono bw’ennyanja Pacific

Oregon yayisawo amateeka amangi agakwata ku kuteesa. Mu Washington, abavvuoti baayisa Bill 1603 mu 2021, eyatandikawo enkola ya poliisi empya ey'okukakasa n'okulagira alipoota ey'obuzibu obw'amaanyi. Kyokka, amateeka ga gavumenti agasaasaanyiza okugatta awamu okugatta awamu okusobozesa obunene okuteeka mu nkola amateeka agatali ga ntuufu. Enkola ya FIT] mu 2018, ekyakifuula ekyanguyira abakungu okusibawo okuvunaana abasirikale mu kufa okw'amaanyi era ne bakola omulimu okusobola okuyingiza ebibakwata ku n'ebiragiro bya kamera. Enjjulukuka zino ziraga engeri embeera y'obudde obutuufu gye zikolebwamu.

Okufuba Okuleetawo Enkyukakyuka n’Emize egy’Okugoberera

Nga wayiseewo akakalukute aka 2020 era n'okutemulwa kwa George Floyd, gavumenti nnyingi zatandikawo era ne ziteekawo amateeka aga poliisi okuzza obuggya. Wadde nga ssente nnyingi zenyigidde ku kukozesa emitindo gy'obukaanyi obufuga obufaananyi obw'oku tteeka, kamera, okukangavvula n'okulabikira langi era n'okulabikiramu ekiraze nabyo nabyo bikyuse. Conference of State Legislatures

  • [[Akawayiro:0] Ekirala oba enkyukakyuka ebikoleddwa mu LEOBR[[FLT]] – Maryland, Rhode Island, ne Connecticut byakyusa etteeka lyabwe ery'okulaga eddembe eritali lya bulijjo okwongerako ekkomo.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Okuggyawo obujulizi ku mpisa ezimu embi[ – States nga New Jersey ne Colorado kaakano kiba kitegeeza nti abakungu abakola ebibi eby'amaanyi balemesebwa okukola omulimu ogw'okukuuma etteeka mu biseera eby'omu maaso.
  • [[:0]] Okukyusaamu mu mpandika[ – Ekiragiro ekikola ku bye kisalawo, kiremesezza abawagizi okusiimula enkola ey'okugootaanya ebitongole, naddala singa wabawo okukaka n'obutali bwesigwa.
  • [[NKUMBO]] Okugaziya obulabirizi – Amateeka mu California ne Washington kiwadde abantu obutundutundu amaanyi ag'okwejjukanya n'obuyinza obw'okunoonyereza ku buli muntu, ne kikendeeza ku bibiina by'e IA byokka.

Enkolagana y’Ekibiina n’Okukolagana mu Buwabuzi

Wadde ng'amateeka g'ensi gakola nga g'omulembe, gavumenti era ekola omulimu gwa . Ekitongole ekikola ku by'obwenkanya oba okunoonyereza kuyinza okuwaliriza enkyukakyuka mu bitongole bya poliisi mu kitundu, naye gayinza kukugira bukodyo mu nkola y'okunoonyereza. Ebiwandiike ebikolebwako okusobola okusasula ssente, nga ebiva mu programu ya Byrne JAG , ebiseera ebimu embeera zitera okubeera wansi wansi wa bunafu. Ebiteeso bya poliisi ebyaka bya kampuni mu kiseera nga ebikolebwako, nga ebireeteesitemu n'eby'okunoonyereza ku by'ebyobufuzi bya kiwandikiro byayo, nga ebiva mu nteekateeka za polimu mu ggwanga ezisinga okuziganya enkyukakyuka.

fundikira

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