Ennyanjula: Enkola Eyakolebwa Okukwata ku Bulamu Bwo

Ekiragiro kya Amereka kyatandikawo gavumenti ey'ensiamu eyawukanya, era ne kyawula obuyinza ku matabi asatu ag'enjawulo: amateeka, ebitongole, n'okusala emisango. Enteekateeka eno si si y'enjigiriza ey'ekika ekya bulijjo; ye njini ekubiriza amateeka, entegeka, n'obukuumi by'ofuna buli lunaku. Okuva ku mwoyo gwe weetaazaanya essente ez'okusasula ssente, okuva ku mitindo gy'obukuumi ku mulimu gwo okutuuka ku ddembe ly'osobola okuba omumenyi w'amateeka, buli ttabi lirina ekifo eky'enjawulo era eky'amaanyi. Okutegeera engeri amagye ga gavumenti gye gaawumbirira ddala engeri bye basazeewo gye bikola ku bulamu bwo, ssente zo, n'eddembe lyo.

Obukungu bw’Ettabi: Okulondawo Obugazi bw’Eby’Omu Mateeka

Ettabi ly'abafuzi eribeera mu lukiiko olukulu olw'eggwanga, eribeeramu akakiiko ka gavumenti y'Amerika. kalimu ebisenge bibiri: Olukiiko olukulu n'Ennyumba ey'Abakiikirira.

Entegeka n’Amaanyi g’Olukiiko Olukulu

Okutegeera engeri amateeka gye gakukwatako, kiyamba okutegeera obuvunaanyizibwa obw’enjawulo obuli mu buli kisenge:

  • Olukiiko olukulu olw'ebibiina: Buli ssemasaza, ka kibe nti abantu bawera wantu, lusindika bamemba babiri okuwa ebigambo ebyaweerwa emyaka mukaaga. Enteekateeka eno yakolebwa okuwa gavumenti entono obuimirize nga bwe kyenkana. Olukiiko olwo lukozesa amaanyi ag'enjawulo nga mwe muli n'okugatta endagaano (zikkiriza okulonda abantu emirundi ebiri mu bukulu) n'okukakasa nti bannaawula abalonde bamemba, abalamuzi ab'ensi n'abalamuzi ab'ensonga enkulu batuukiriza ebigambo ebiba biddirinvu. Olw'okuba basenatorsss be bakolera ku ebyo ebibakwatako, batera okufuna endowooza ey'enjawulo ku nsonga z'eggwanga.
  • Ennyumba ey'ababaka: nga kati abantu 435 be bagabanyawo mu ggwanga, Ennyumba etegekebwa okwoleka abantu kye baagala. Ababaka batuukiriza ebigambo ebyamala emyaka ebiri gyokka, ne kibafuula okubaako kye bakolawo ku nsonga ezikwata ku bantu ab'omu kitundu. Ekiragiro kiwa Enju amaanyi ge gagisobozesa okufuna ssente ezibakwatako, era kirina obuyinza obw'okugaana obutongole okusasula ebizingirwamu.

Engeri Ekikolwa ky’Ekibiina gye Kyeyolekera mu Bintu Ebikusanyusa Omuntu Buli Lunaku

Conseilssion bw’ayisa etteeka erikwata ku ntegeka ya gavumenti era Prezidenti n’ateeka obubonero obulaga nti etteeka eryo lirina okugobererwa, lowooza ku bintu bisatu ebikulu:

  • Empandika: Buli Muyizi Akkiriza Obuyigirize obw'enjawulo Act (ESSA) yadda mu kifo kya Tewali mwana Alekawo Beyiri, okukyusizaamu emitindo gy'okusasula ebyabanga by'abadde abadde akyatwetaagisa okukebera ebizimbe ebiba bitegekebwa buli mwaka. Embaliriraagibwawo mu disikiti y'essomero, ekolebwa Congrationskorrences, egezesa obutundu bwe but'ewandikidde mu by'enjigiriza eby'enjawulo, era n'ebbeebbeeyi bw'obuyigirize obwa waggulu. Ebisalibwa ku Capitol Hill Hill Kill Kirsers
  • [[NKULA]] Obulambe obwali bukongodde: Act [FFford Care Act [AKA][FLT] [era kiyitibwa] amateeka agaakyusa ekika kya insuwalensi. Kwagaana abavubuka okujjuza ekiwandiiko olw'embeera ezibaddewo, okubasobozesa okusigala ku nteekateeka y'abazadde baabwe okutuusa nga baweza emyaka 26, ne bateekawo ssente ez'okugula yinsuwa oba obutasa. Enkyukakyuka mu nsonga ezikwata ku ntengo ku Medicare ne Mdiid zikwata ku by'ebirimba, ebbeetaago eby'ebitongole ebiva mu malwa g'abaddo, n'okweyongera kwa buli muntu mu bitundu ebiva mu nsi.
  • Enkyukakyuka n'obuttumbula: [FLT] Act [FRANT:2] Enkyukakyuka ne 'omulimu: obuvunaanyizibwa obwaweebwa obuwumbi n'obuwumbi bw' enguundu, ennyunzi, n'obuwere. Kino kikyusa okutuuka ku buwanvu bwa Internet mu bitundu eby'omu byalo, ne ku mirimu emirala egy'okuzimba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, amateeka agafuga eby'obusuubuzi, nga [[FLT:] Fireeting, ne Treeting, ebitongole eby'okugula, ebikolerwamu mu maduuka ne ku maduuka.

Buli mwaka, enkola y'entengo esalawo engeri ssente z'omusolo gye zikozesebwamu.Empaka ezikwata ku kuwaayo ssente ez'okwekuuma ensalo, okunoonyereza ku bya sayansi (nga tuyitira mu bitongole ebikola ku by'obulamu n'eby'obukola ebirala), era n'obukuumi bw'obutonde ku bikwata ku bulamu bwo.

Ettabi Eryali Likubiriza Omuntu Okuddukanya Emirimu: Okumenya Amateeka n’Okusalawo Ebisinga Obukulu

Ofiisi y'ettabi y'ekola ku bukulembeze bwa gavumenti ya Amerika era ezingiramu Prezidenti, ebitongole bya kabhini (15), ebikumi n'ebikumi by'ebibiina by'obukulembeze, ebitongole, n'ebikumi n'ebikumi by'ebitongole bya gavumenti. Congress w'ewandiika amateeka, ettabi ekkulu ligateeka mu nkola era liragira ddala amakulu gaabyo mu kussaawo amateeka, mu kukuuma abakwasiddwa emirimu, ne mu nkola ebitongole ebikola emirimu egibibibifuga.

Prezidenti ne Kabiina

Obuyinza bwa Prezidenti bunene naye bukuumibwa amateeka. Amaanyi ag'ekika kya nukuta gazingiramu:

  • Okussa Omusango ku Kiwandiiko Eky’Okusiiga oba Okugolola Ekiragiro Ekitegekeddwa Akakiiko
  • Okulagira abakwasi b’obutongole okussaawo amateeka agafuga ensi
  • Okulonda abalamuzi, ababaka, n’ab’akakiiko akatuula ku kakiiko akafuzi (mu Ssematalo)
  • Omukulu w'eggye
  • Okuyisa amateeka g’abagwira n’okuteesa (mu lukiiko olukkiriza ennyimirira yalwo)

Bakopu ba kakiiko akafuzi, gamba ng'omuwandiisi w'Enjigiriza, Ssayabiina w'Eby'Eby'Eby'Emirimu gy'Eby'obulamu n'Eby'abantu, awamu n'omukungu wa Homeland Security, balabirira ebitongole byabwe era n'ebiruubirirwa bya Prezidenti.

Entegeka n’Emirala: Engeri Gye Bikola ku Nkola Yo

Ekiragiro kya bannamateeka kikkiriza Prezidenti okussaawo enkola nga tewannabaawo lukusa lwokka, wadde nga zirina okulabirirwa okusala emisango era nga ziyinza okukyusibwa omusika. Ebyokulabirako ebyakayita bizingiramu ebiragiro ebikwata ku kuyingira mu ggwanga (okuwera, okuwera kwa Programu, okuddukanya enkola y'ekitongole ekolebwa abaana), enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde (okuva ku nkola y'amasannyalaze ku masannyalaze, okugattira e Paris Active) n'okubanja abaana abaakomolesa.

Ebitongole ebikola obuwagizi bissaawo amateeka mangi agafuga obulamu bwa buli lunaku.

  • [[NKULA] Environry Protection Agency (EPA):[[FLT]] Akawayiro kano kateekawo empewo n'amazzi ebiyonjo ebisobola okugootaanya amazzi go ag'okunywa, g'emotoka, n'okuyonja ebifo ebya kazambi.
  • [[AK:0] Enkuubiri z'omulimu (DOL):[[[FLL:1] amateeka agasasulira, amateeka ag'okusukka ku w'omulembe (nga ku parameters faces studition) ku mulimu, emitindo egikwata ku by'obukuumi ne ku by'obulamu, era n'ab'omu maka ne bagaayisa mu nkola.
  • Ekirabo mu by'obujjanjabi n'obuyambi bw'abantu (HHS): Ass Medicare, Medicaid, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ne Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Okusalawo kuno kusalawo ebiteeso eby'obujjanjabi, eby'okwewala eby'amalaganya, eby'obujjanjabi, n'okwanganga ebisawo eri abantu abali mu mbeera embi.
  • [[Act:0] Sacial Security Administration (SS): Abawere abawummula emirimu, obulemu, n'abaawonawo baganyulwa obukadde n'obukadde bw'abantu mu Amereka.

Enteekateeka z'obukuumi ezikolebwa ab'obuyinza ku ttabi eryo nazo zirina kinene kye zikola.

Ettabi Erisalira Abalamuzi Omusango: Okutegeera Obulagirizi n’Okukuuma Enkolagana Yaffe

Ettabi ly'esala emisango, eririmu kkooti z'ensi n'enkiiko eza wansi (kooti ez'amasaza, enkiiko ez'okujulira n'ez'omu kkooti ez'enjawulo), livunaanibwa okunnyonnyola amateeka n'Amateeka. Ekifo kyago kitera okwogerwako nga "ettabi ly'omu nnyanja ery'akabi" kubanga teririna buyinza ku kasawo oba ekitala, naye enziragiro zaalyo zikwata ku bantu era ziyinza okuzzaawo enkolagana yaabwe.

Ebitundu Bya disitulikiti

  • [[NKULULA]] Kkooti efuga: emirundi mwenda (nga mw'otwalidde ne kalamuzi omu ow'ekika) be balonda obulamu bwonna. Bawulira ebijulizo okuva mu kkooti entono ku nsonga ezizingiramu amateeka ga gavumenti, amateeka, n'empaka wakati w'eggwanga. Kkooti esalawo emisango nga 70-80 buli mwaka, nga elonda gino egivaako ensonga ezikwata ku nsonga z'omu kkooti entono.
  • Kkooti ez'Ennyanja ez'Akasawo: Waliwo obutuuze 13. Buli emu ku zo ekiikirira ekitundu. Kkooti zino zeekenneenya ebyo ebisaliddwawo mu kkooti za disitulikiti era ne ebitongole. Ebiwandiro byazo bissaawo ekisinziirwako mu bitundu byabwe, era singa wabaawo obutakkaanya, Kkooti esinga obukulu egoberera enkola ya kooti eyo.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Kkooti eza disiturikiti: Ebiwandiiko ebisala emisango gye gisooka okuwulirwa. Basala emisango ku kkooti z'amateeka, n'empaka ezisoomooza amateeka ga gavumenti.

Okusalawo okw’Enjawulo Okwakyusa Obulamu Bwo Buli Lunaku

Lowooza ku byokulabirako bino:

  • [[AKYONGERA:0] Eddembe n'eddembe: [FULT]] [.Coard of Education [1954]]] ' kikoma mu buwandikiro mu masomero ga gavumenti. Ennaku zino, [[FLT:]] mput [[FLT]] genkanankana [ obufunze] obukkirizibwa mu mateeka ng'eyagattiddwa mu mateeka, ate [[FLLT:6]] Dobbs v. Jackson’s Organization y'eby'obulamu bw'Akalueyawo ] okuvuunika [FLD8] v.[FLT][FLD]]
  • Enjogera ey'eddembe ne Intanethi: Obubaka obulinga [[FULT:2] era '. ACLU (1997)] bwe yasazeewo ebitundu ku bubonero mu nteekateeka ez'okutegeeza amawulire, okukuuma enkola ey'eddembe ku ndagiriro. Gye buvuddeko awo, [[FLT:]] Obubonero obulagira amateeka okugobererwa ku by'ebifo bya bannaazo eby'okubuthiwereza, nga bukwata ku ngeri gy'osobola okugabana n'okuyingiza obubaka.
  • [[NT:0] Amateeka ag'eby'obulamu: Kkooti esazeewo ekkomero lya gavumenti wansi wa Claus, nga erina kye yakola ku buli kiragiro okuva ku lukusa olwa kika ky'eby'obulamu ekya kinnabibibisi. NFIB v. Seberius (202) kye kisazeewo okuwanirira ACA naye ne kikomya obusobozi bwa gavumenti obw'okuwandiisa Médid Ssente okuva ku gavumenti ezigaanye okweyongera.
  • [[NKULA] Ekiragiro kino kisalawo omusango mulamba:[ Obubonero obwa Landmark obufaananako Miranda v. Arizona (1966) obwawula abapoliisi okumanyisa abasosoomoozese obwannannyini ([Olina eddembe ery'okusirika...”]). Gideon v. Wainright (63)

Bw’ossa omukono ku ndagaano, okusasula emisolo, oba okusibawo ekkomera, ennyimba z'okusala emisango egikwata ku kunnyonnyola ennyimirira z'amateeka, okufiirwa, oba okuwozesa, ennyimba ez'okutumbula amateeka ga gavumenti zifuga eddembe lyo n'ebizingirwamu.

Endowooza gy’Olina ku Kkekkero n’Endowooza Ebikukwatako

Obukugu mu nkola ya sistemu essatu buli mu biwandikiro ebilemesa ettabi erimu okufuga. Tewali ttabi lyekola nga lyeyawudde:

  • Olukiiko lw'amateeka lussaawo amateeka, naye Prezidenti asobola okugagoberera; Congress eyinza okuteekamu emirundi esatu ebiri mu bisenge byombi emirundi ebiri.
  • Prezidenti asalira abalamuzi ab’omu ssematalo ow’okubiri, naye Olukiiko Olukulu luteekwa okubakakasa.
  • Kkooti Enkulu eyinza okukuba amateeka n’enkola za bannakyewa nga tebikwatagana na mateeka, naye Akakiiko kayinza okutegeeza enkuŋŋaano ekoleddwa etteeka ejjeemu, era Prezidenti ateekawo okulamula okuppya ng’ebifo ebiba biweereddwa bizze mu maaso.
  • Olukiiko olwo lukwata embalirira y’entengo era luyinza okuggya Prezidenti, abalamuzi ba gavumenti, n’abakungu abalala mu nsi yonna.

Obuzibu buno busobola okukosa obulamu bwo kubanga okuleetera omukutu gw'amateeka okuteesa n'okweyisa mu ngeri eyoleka obwenkanya nga tegunnaba kuleetawo nkyukakyuka enkulu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Prezidenti ayinza okuteekawo ekiragiro ku nkola y'obutonde bw'ensi, naye Congress eyinza okusiiga obukwasiddwa obwa bulijjo, oba kkooti okubuziyiza singa gusukka ku buyinza obufuga. Okutegeera akatambi kano kikuyamba okumanya engeri enkola gy'oyinza okugobererwamu okusinziira ku ngeri ettabi ly'enyi ne engeri kkooti gye zigobereramu amateeka.

Engeri Abatuuze gye Basobola Okuwaayo Ettabi

Okumanya okwo kutandikira ku nkola y'ensi eno, era demokulase bwe weenyigidde mu bintu ebikolebwa mu ggwanga, omwo mwembi gusobola okumanyira buli ttabi:

  • Obuwayiro obufuga enkola y'ekitongole kino buleetera abakiikirira ekibiina okutegeeza ababaka b'amasande mu Congress (tutwala mu kiwandikiro ekitegeeza nti kibawandikiro oba nti ekiwandikiro oba omutwe gwa kompyuta]. Genda ku b'obubonero, okusanga nga bali ku b'ebiwandiiko ebitegekebwa. Ekifo (ebigo ebifuga amateeka agafuga ebitongole, naye nga era nga mukola ebitongole ebikola ku kakiiko k'awulamu, oba ebilondebwa byonna — nga mw'otwalidde n'ebyo ebikolebwa mu n'ebifo. Okudduka ebiba mu bbuyonjo, oba mu ssomero. Obungi obw'ebisengekebeebirimu, oba mu ngeri endala kitegekamu mu ngeri y'amateeka okuva ku nsi.
  • [[NKULULA] Enkola: The White House ekkiriza ebyo ebiba byogerwa okuyitira mu kifo kyayo ekitongole, era n'ebitongole bya gavumenti (nga EPA ne HHS) bifulumya amateeka agateerekebwa okuwa emboozi za bantu bonna nga tennaggwa ku nkola ya ' Ofisity of the Pulezidenti[ oba eddembe ery'okumanya ebireetebwa okusobola okuvunaanyizibwa ku bibiina. Ebibiina bya sookitaazo bitera okuwayirako obulagirizi ku ngeri etuukirizaamu programu za gavumenti.
  • [[NKULULA] JUDICIAL: Wadde nga waliwo ekkomo, abatuuze basobola okusengeka amakomyawo g'empandika mu mpandika eza bulijjo nga bafunye kyeyayuuzizza, nga bagoberera empagi z'omu kkooti enkulu (nga ze ziwandikiddwa ku mukutu gwa kkooti Supremecount.gov]), era ne beenyigidde mu mulimu gw'okukkomyawo obukiiko bwa kkooti. Ekiragiro ekikulu kitera okwetaagisa okuwawuza ensonga okumala emyaka mingi; okuwagira ebitongole ebitongole ebirengo oba ebigaba ebigaba ebigabanyi by'ebbeettattatta bisobola okuyamba okutereeza okuwa emboozi eziba mu ku balamuzi.

Okugatta Amatabi ku Ssente Zo n’Ebiseera eby’Omu Maaso

Lowooza ku bintu bino wammanga:

  • [[AKMENTI:0]] :[[Act:1] Consert eteerawo ebiwandiiko eby'omusolo n'ebbanja (nga k'omu kkessi y'omwana); akakiiko akakulira 'branch Interfanti Reconvenue Service'emeruse (EBY'okutwala mu nnono n'okukuwaliriza okugobererera; kkooti zisalawo empaka ku b'omusolo. Enkyukakyuka ezibakwata ku mateeka ku mateeka agakwata ku ku ku kusasula ogutali gwa sasula. Okukyusa kw'ewandikiro kikwata ku ku maka go oba ebikkebeebirizibwa.
  • [[O]0] Obukuumi obufuga engeri z'okutumbula:[[FOMT] Commission (ettabi er'okutumbula) ewa abaguzi amateeka agafuga enkola y'obukuumi obuteeyambisibwa gavumenti, ate kkooti zisalawo engeri ez'obukuusa obulanga eby'okulangirira amawulire, ebimenya amateeka agakwata ku nsonga za kompyuta ezikwata ku nsonga za bannannyininnyininnyini nnyumba, n'obukujjukujju.
  • [[NKULA] Ennamba ez'okulabirako:[[FLT: 1] Ekiragiro ekikoma ku kuyisa amateeka nga Voting Rights Act; ettabi okuyitira mu bakungu b'eggwanga era ne Ekitongole ekikola ku by'okulonda ebikolebwako kikakasibwa; kkooti zituukiriza emisango ku kusalawo, amateeka g'ennamba ez'okulonda, n'okutuuka ku buli omu. Obusobozi bw'okulonda — buyimirizibwa amatabi gano buli lunaku.
  • [[AKM:0] Obukuumi n'omusango: Amateeka gannyonnyola obumenyi bw'amateeka, abakwasisa amateeka okunoonyereza, abawaabi b'oludda olukusa, abalamuzi bayisa emisango, era n'ebiwandiiko bya kkooti byeketaasa obujulizi n'emisango. Emirimu egiva mu kukwatibwa okujulira omusango gifugibwa amateeka nga bwe gitava mu kkooti.

Mu bufunze, amatabi ago gasinga kuba wala; gakola nga tekigula ssente ez'eby'okulya, gano ge bulungi mu by'enjigiriza by'omwana wo, gakuumibwa kuwummula, era n'obusobozi bw'okozesa ng'omutuuze. Okumanya emirimu gyago n'obuyinza bwabyo, ngeri ya maanyi. Bikusobozesa okulaba nga mu bigambo bya bannabyabufuzi, nga olindirira enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi eziyinza okuva mu nkola z'amateeka, era nga osalawo nga olonda omuwoze w'omusolo, oba ng'omuwagizi.

Olugero: Okumanya okuba omusingi gw’Obulamu

Nga wayiseewo emyaka nga 250, enkola eyo esigala nga y'ekozesebwa Abamerika. K'obe ng'oli muyizi mutono, nnannyini bizineesi, awumpuli, oba omulwanyi, era n'okukakasa nti okussaawo amateeka, n'okukwata amateeka, oba okutaputa amateeka, tekijja kukuvunaana, era nti ovunaanyizibwa ku ngeri gye biddukanyaamu obulamu bwo. Ng'oyiga engeri ettabi gye likolamu, era n'engeri gy'osobola okwegatta ku nzijanjabaza, tofuuka muddusi naye omunyi mu lukalala lw'abafuzi b'abafuzi ba Amerika. Olwogera, oba omukulonda, era n'ennyiikiina yo, buli lunaku.