Okutandika

Okukolagana wakati w'amateeka n'okugatta awamu emisingi egifuga enkola za kampuni n'empalana, kwesigamye ku mateeka ga bizineesi ez'ekika kya leero. Okumala ebyasa bingi, kkooti zesigamidde ku kusalawo okw'edda okusobozesa ebisale by'enkola, engeri gye bikolamu, n'obusobozi n'emirimu ebirina okugattibwa ab'obugatti, badayirekita, n'ebifo bisatu. Okugatta awamu wakati w'okutunuulira n'okugatta amateeka kikakasa nti amateeka gasigala nga gamanyibwa bulungi era nga gasobola okukwatagana n'eby'obusuubuzi. Agobeenziko, obuwandikiro, obuwandikiro, obuwandikiro, n'obutongole obuwandirinzi, n'obukulembeze bibwesiiyambi obw'ebintu byesigamye ku bukakafu.

Okutegeera Obusosoze mu by’Eby’Omu mateeka mu Ssande

Ekiragiro kya mateeka (8:0] emirundi mingi kiyitibwa [[FLT]]sstare decisis]][requress] Kino kisalawo okugoberera ensonga nga waliwo ensonga empya eziba zifaanagana. Mu mateeka ga kampuni, ebibadde bikozesebwa bituukiriza emirimu egitali gimu: bye biwandikira amateeka, ne bikola ekipande ekigatta amateeka agafuga enfuga ne gatakkiriza. Abalaguzi bayinza okugattika [[[FLT:]][FOLT]] [[FOLT:3]] [ekiragiro mu kkooti z'abakulu ez'omu nnene] oba [[FLT:]]][FLT]] [[FLT]]]][5]][ensigimu n'enkola y'ennene y'ennene y'ennene y'ennene.

Ntegeka nkalala z'ebizibikkulibwa mu biyingizibwa eby'omu nkalala

Okussaawo ekiragiro kisibuka mu kkooti enkulu mu ngeri y'emu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ku misango gya kkooti enkulu mu Amerika, buli kkooti egattirawo ewa gavumenti ne gavumenti ewa gavumenti ne ssemasaza ku buli nsonga. Mu ngeri y'emu, muyinza okussaawo amateeka okuva mu mawanga amalala, enfuga z'amawanga (nga ziwagidde mu nkola za greammeter tess tenerners), oba enkuko za kkooti z'ensi ezisaze ezaawerebwa mu musango ogutali gwa bulijjo. Kkooti ezo ezikola ku mateeka ga gavumenti zibaamu okusala ebiragibwa mu ngeri eyeetaago.

Omulimu gw’Obiter Dicta

Obiter digita(-_rectory) Ekiragiro ekikolebwa nga biyisa nga bino, kiyinza okulaga endowooza ensala y'okusala emisango ku bikwata ku butaka obuba buzzeewo. Kooti enkulu bw'eyogera ku nsonga eziteeberezebwa okubaawo, bannamateeka ba kampuni n'aba kkooti entono bwe batwala ebigambo ebyo ng'obulagirizi obw'amaanyi. Ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, ekiragiro kiyinza okukakanyantiisa amateeka ne gagobererwa nga bagobererwa amapande agago.

Emisingi Egikwata ku Kukyusa Omuntu n’Akula mu Ngeri Embi

Buli musingi guwa obukakafu ku mateeka mangi nnyo agafuga enkola za kampuni, era gulaga engeri enkola za kkooti gye zigezaako okuteeka mu nkola esaanira enkola ya kampuni awamu n'obwetaavu bw'okukuuma abo ababanja, abagaba, n'abantu abalala.

Omuntu ow’Omu Mateeka ow’Enjawulo Embi

Ekisinziirwako kye Salomon v. A.Salomon & Co. Ltd (1877) [ UKL 1[[[FLL:3]. Kampuni bw'etaagiteekako, ekkiriza nti kampuni ekkirizibwa, kye kibiina eky'omu mateeka ekyawulibwawo ku bannayo. Mukungu Salomon yali akwase bizineesi ye ey'okutandika okugitwala mu kampuni mwe yasinziira okugabanira kumpi ekira n'ebiwandiiko ebirala. Kampuyuta eyo bwe yalemererwa, abawaawo ne baagitwala mu ngeri nti kampuni eyo yali terina kampuni. Kkiiko ekyo kyagaana endowooza eyo ey'okuteekawo emitindo gya mu mateeka. Era kino kiri mu kifo eky'okugabana amateeka agatalimu.

Bw’Oba Wabaawo Ebikweraliikiriza

Ekiragiro ekikomako kirina akakwate n'omusingi ogugamba nti abagabi b'emigabo tebasasulwa ssente ze balina. Macaura v'. Northern Assuration Co Ltd (1925) [[] OBWAKABA], olukiiko lwakikakasa nti kampuni egabanyi ezigabanyirizaako zigabanyizidwa zokka. Mutumbula amacaawuzi gaayo mu linnya lye. Ebiti bwe byazikirizibwa, ebiteeteebwa olw'obutaba na ssente. Ennyumba ya Mukama yakkiriza nti kampuni eyo tegabana bintu. Kampuni eyo yokka y'ewaawo.

Okussa Omuze mu Nkola ya Corporate

Wadde nga wabaddewo amaanyi ag'enkola eya mu mateeka, kkooti ziyinza okufumita ekibikka ku nnukuta enzijjuvu ez'omu mateeka mu mbeera ez'enjawulo.[1] Enkola eyo bw'ekozesebwa okusibawo obukwasiro mu ngeri ey'enjawulo, obukkusiro bwe bukozesebwa okubaamu, okukwewala obukwasiddwa obw'omu mateeka, oba okwewala enkonge ezibaddewo. Enkola ya 'P] mu Practivession Consurection Lt v. [FLT][6][6][5]

Obusobozi bw’Okukozesa Obubi bw’Omubiri n’Obw’Okukola Obulungi

Mu byafaayo, kampuni zandisobodde okukola nga bwe kiragibwa mu ntegeka zaazo. Ebikolwa nga wasukka ku bintu ebyo waaliwo ul vires (Nga mu buyinza) era nga tewali kintu kyonna. Precentdondon ekifuwezza mpolampola ekiragiro kino. ] Awasingako akawayiro Carriage & Lamp; Iront Cottd v. Riche [ [18] [[FLT:]]] UKL 1[FL:5], Ennyumba ya bassersssss tractive resourcess prosourcesss trains trainsss processss processocial.[5] Kino kikireetera okuteekawo enkola ya UK'okukyusa kwa kawero mu nzikkiriza okw'egotomu , nga nyingi.

Engeri Okusala Omusango gye Kugenda Kulongooka

Kkooti tezigoberera bukwasi mateeka agaliwo; ziyisa amateeka n'ebigo ebigobererwa okusobola okwogera ku bintu ebippya eby'obusuubuzi.

Okugaba Eddembe n’Ebikolwa eby’Okugaba

Obusobozi bw'abafuzi ba jjuzizza obunene obwa bannamu obungi okusoomooza ebisalibwawo. Fos v. Harbottle (1783] [[EWWHC Ch[[[[FLT:]]], kkooti yassaawo amateeka aga “n'ennono", era entegeka ya 'C' esobola okukolagana n'ebibi ebyakolebwa. [kampulagibwa kampuni y'emu n'ebyakolebwako.] Enkola ng'ey'ennakulembedde nga [[[FLT:]].[FLT][FLT] Ennene] Enkola zino tezisobola kusobozesa bavuzi abo abasinga obungi okumanyibwa. [FLLT][19][7][2] Kino kiyinza okusobozesa okuteekawo ebiragiro ebisingakongoberebwa mu miteeso .[5] Era, engeri zino ezisinga obungi] Teeso nyingi ziyinza okuzigibwa mu miteegamba okukkirizibwa okumanyibwa

Obulabirizi bw’Ebikolwa n’Etteeka ly’Obusuubuzi

Obuvunaanyizibwa bwa badayirekita .[F.0] Obuvunaanyizibwa bwa badayirekita .Wrigley[[196], obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okulaga obwesigwa, n'obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okulaga okukkiriza, bye byonoonese okuyitira mu nkalala ezitali zimu. Mu Amerika, etteeka lya bizineesi (lyateekebwa mu ] slensensky v. Wrigley[[[194]]]], 2377 N.776 N.676) ne Lewis v.[[FLT:]], 473] A.2d5 (194) akkiriza badayiregircesssssswo, mu nnyunzi ey'okukkiriza, era ne mu n'emitendera egisingako.[1925] Ebitongole ebigo mu nsonga ezisinga okusobola okuzza obutuufu mu by'obusuubuzi bw'omuteennyo.[5]

Obufuzi n’Okulaba Obulabi mu Kibiina

Enkola eyakakolebwa mu kkooti z'amateeka mu biseera ebyakayita, eggumiza obuwanvu bw'enkyukakyuka ezikwata ku nkyukakyuka mu ntambula. mu ngeri y'emu n'obubonero obufaananako, obusaze obw'okulabikira ebikolerwako.[FLT] (201) obusaze buno bwetaagisa obusaze obw'enjawulo okumanyisaamu akabi akali mu mbeera y'obudde era ne bulowooza ku ngeri empirako entegekebwawo entegeka ya kompanyi. Abalabirizi baawe baawe buleme okuzuula engeri ezikwata ku nkola enzigeevu. , 698.959] Bannaaweresenti y'omulimu okulaba nti egoberera amateeka g'ekibiina. Ebitongole ekifuga enkola eno, kiyamba okuzza ebitongole okuzza ebiva mu nsi yonna.

Ebintu Ebyakolebwako mu Kiseera Kyaffe eby’Okukkopa Obulungi

Obubonero obutonotono bubeera ng’empagi amateeka ga kampuni yonna we gabeera.

Salomon v. Salomon (1897)

Nga bwe kyayogeddwako, Salomon kye kisibukako omuntu omu mu mateeka. Ekiragiro kyagaana okuwakana nti kampuni emu ekozesebwa omuntu omu. House of Lords yagamba nti kampuni eno (yadde nga eriko kampuni emu ey'entongole ey'enjawulo). Kino kyasobozesa okusaasaana kw'abantu abatono, ebibiina ebigendera awamu ne k'obuzibu obutono. Era kyakyusa ekkubo k'ebitongole kya kampuni za kampuni, omuzadde ne kampuni za kibiina gye zibeera ne k'awumya omulimu.

Lee’s Farming Ltd (1961)

Mu mu nviromenti. Lee’s Air Farming Ltd [ UKP1] 1, olukiiko oluyitibwa Priviy lwagamba nti kampuni egabanya tesobola kuba muwagizi wa kampuni esasula abakozi. Muwanya eyo y'omulembe era ye yaweereza ng'omukulu w'omukulu w'ennyonyi omu yekka. Oluvannyuma lw'okufiira mu kabenje, nnamwandu yagamba nti ekibanja kyali kigibalirira. Kkompanyi kyasalawo nti kampunti esobola okubeera omukuumi w'emirimu egitali gimu. Mukungu Lee yakikakasa nti omuntu y'omululu y'omulembe gwe gumu naye asobola okuteeka mu n'ebbaawaawa y'enkufulumya y'ennyo.[1], ekibiina ekitongole ekitongole kiwandikibwa mu kibiina kiwandikibwa bulungi.

Adams v. Cape Industries plc (1990)

Kkooti y'Akabonero mu Adams v. Cape Instries plc [ KIV 11 yayogera ku kuteekako ekikwate ku nkumbo mu nzigiro za kampuni mu ttiimu ez'enjawulo. Abbestos baagezaako okuwanirira omuzadde w'omuzadde w'omu UK asaanira okukola emirimu gya US. Kkooti yagaana okufumita ekibikka ku maaso, nga kinyweza eky'okugatta ekikujjulu eky'enjawulo tekikkirizibwa era kikkirizibwa okuggyako nga waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti bayingi n'ebitongole ebikola ebiva mu mawanga agatali gamu tebiba bya bwenkanya.

Engeri Omukolo gye gukolebwamu mu Nsi Yonna ne mu Musaalaba

Okukolagana mu nsi emu n’abalala kiviiriddeko amateeka agatali gamu okuba mu nsi ezitali zimu.

Okutabagana ng’Oyitira mu Biseera eby’Okuboonoona

Kkooti mu Canada, Australia, New Zealand, ne Commonwealth zitera okujuliza olukalala lw'amateeka agafuga obutonde bwonna nga zitaputa amateeka ga kampuni. Ng'ekyokulabirako, omusingi ogw'okwekutulamu ku muntu omutuufu okuva ku Salomon guyimiriziddwa mu buli buyinza emirundi emirundi emirundi 868. Mu ngeri y'emu, empandika ya Delaware egoberera enkola ya jurisprudence, emirimu, n'empuwere mu buwanjufu, ne k'ofissigibwa mu nsi nnyingi. Omugga ogwo gukendeereza ku buteesosoze bw'enkola z'amawanga agakola mu nsi ennago.

Amateeka ga Munda n’Ebigambo Ebigalimu

Wadde ng'amateeka ga gavumenti tegagoberera enkola ey'okutunuulira obutunuulizi, gatera okugoberera etteeka erigattiddwa nga gagoberera amateeka agafuga etteeka nga gagobererwa oba nga gagonjoolwa. Ebiragiro bya European Union ebigootaanya amateeka ga kampuni byewandisizza birimu emisingi mingi egyateekebwawo mu mateeka nga gasinziira ku mateeka, gamba ng'obukuumi bw'abantu abatonotono abalina omugabo ogubangi n'ebbeetaagisa mu nsi yonna.

Enkyukakyuka mu Biseera Byakayita

Ekyasa ekya makumi abiri n'ekisooka kivuddemu okusoomooza okutali kumu okwateekebwawo emisingi.

ESG n’Abakulu mu by’Okutwala ng’Abalonzi

Ekiragiro kino kitandika okussaako ebikyuuka ku nkalala ezo. Dodge v. Ford Motor Co (1919), kkooti enkulu mu Michigan ekkiriza nti ekibiina kirina okukozesebwa okusobola okuganyula abakiikiridde. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyasa ekyasa ekya 2019 ekiwandiiko ekifuula enkyusa ya kinnamateeka okusobola okubaamu abakuumi bonna abakiikinkiriza. Kati kooti zekebe oba nga ze za bavunaanyizibwa ku mirimu gya badayirekita oba nga girinamu n'ebiwandiiko bya bannaakyewandisi oba nga girinamu n'emikisa. Enkola y'okukwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku n'ebiragiro ebirala ebiba bitegekeddwa mu ku mukolo ogumu. [FLT.FLDigrative.[FFFFFFoctive':][201]

Cryptocurrency, DAOs, ne Corporate

Entegeka ezigoberera enkola eno zireetebwawo okusoomooza okutali kumu olw'okuba tezirina kakiiko oba kaweefube ow'okulabirira. Kkooti zitandise okuwa emboozi oba nga zitandika okwogera ku DAOs nga ziyinza okuyisibwa nga zikolagana zinnazo. O’HOgan v. SushiS'TPAN [2023], olukiiko olw'ensi yonna olutwalibwa nga olw'okwawula ebirengo.

Omulimu Oweesudde n’Obufuzi bw’Abakungu

Kawumpuli yeeyongera okukkirizibwa mu nkuŋŋaana eza buli kipande era n'okulonda okwalimu abakusibe. Okutandikira ku ntandikwa y'omwaka 2000 (umg., mu re Tyson Foods, Inc., 2007) yawa omukisa gwa kompyuta n'obuteenyigira mu kulonda. Ebyo ebyakayita byayamba nnyo okumanyibwa mu nkuŋŋaana z'abagabuzi ab'ebitundu eby'omukitundu ekimu okukkirizibwa okutuuka ku biruubirirwa byabwe. Era kkooti zinoonyereza ku makulu agali mu nkuŋŋaana ezo.[FLT][FLT] era ne bannazo ebisalebwa nga bannabya bannabyamalanga emirimu gyabwe egy'okulabirira ebizimbe bye biba bisobola okuddukanyanya obulungi mu mubiri. Ebyo ebisalibwawo mu mulimu ogusabindabiddwamu.

Olugero: Kikulu Okunywererako

Ekiwandiiko eky'omu mateeka kye kisimbye olukongoze olw'okukwata emisingi egy'okugoberera. Okuva ku Salomon engeri y'okussaawo omuntu ow'omu mateeka mu nsonga z'omulembe ogwa ssemazinga ne DAOs, kkooti ezitambuza amateeka okusobola okuzuula ebyamakulu ebippya eby'obusuubuzi. Enjigiriza ey'okutunuulira amaaso agakolerwa tesinziira ku mateeka; abassomistems, dayirekita, ne ababanja abaguzi bayinza okwesiga etteeka erigendera ku mateeka agajjulukuka. Mu kiseera kye kimu, enteekateeka y'amateeka esobozesa amateeka okuzimbulukuka awatali kusoomooza. Ebitongole bwe bikoma okuzibya k'enkola mu ku by'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'emu, n'eyo mu kukulaakulana. Abamagye mu by'eby'obutongole mu by'amateeka, ne abategekamakanisa, ne abakola eby'obutongole bategeera ebitongole bategeera bulungi ensonga ezibaliraago mu ngeri y'enkola mu kifo eky'obuvubinjawu