Table of Contents

Ennyanjula: Obutagwa Lubege Wakati w’Eddembe ly’Abalamu n’Eby’Okwerinda

Enkolagana wakati w'okugobereza eddembe ly'abantu n'amateeka y'emu ku nsonga enkulu mu Amerika. Essaawa eyo y'eyo ng'eyoleka bulungi engeri amateeka gye gakuumamu abantu n'obuvunaanyizibwa bwa gavumenti okukuuma emirembe. Ekibuuzo kino kibadde kibuusibwabuusibwabuusibwa okuva ku kutandikawo obwalwo, abayizi, n'abantu, okukitegeera nti eggwanga lyajjawo mu ngeri ya njawulo. Ekibuuzo ekikulu kisigalawo: Okuteeka amateeka kukuuma kitya abantu nga tegaayonoona ddembe erikkirizibwa ne Amateeka?

Ddembe abantu lye balina eryawula ku mateeka. Ddamu likyayitiddwa, era oluusi ne liddizibwa okuyitira mu mateeka, okusala emisango, n'enkola z'abantu. Okugobereza abantu amateeka, nako kakkerere, ebiseera ebimu, nga banyiivu, era nga bakyusaamu. Okuva mu kiseera kino eky'obuddu n'ekitongole kya Black Live Conse, enkola eno y'eyo ey'eyongera era n'okukulaakulana. Ekitundu kino kinoonyereza ku mirandira gy'amateeka, okusoomooza okw'omu kiseera kino, n'obulagirizi obukulu bw'omu n'obudde, era n'obukyayinza okuba nga bulaga abo abanoonya okutegeera obulungi ensonga ebaddewo mu Amereka.

Ebyafaayo: Okuva mu Ntegeka Ekkiriza Abantu Okufugibwa Amawanga Amagatte

Enteekateeka y’Amateeka n’Okukakasibwa mu Maaso

[[NKULA]. . era n'etteeka erifuga amateeka byassaawo enteekateeka ey'entegeka ez'abantu kinnoomu esobola okubeera ekifo eky'enkomeredde. Eky'okutaano, eky'omukaaga, n'eky'obuteesiteesi mu bufuge obusooka, okwogera ku nkola y'obuyinza n'ennene obw'amateeka, ekikuutisibwa okwewala okujjukiriza, okwenoonyeza ettuttuza, n'ekibonerezo ekisukkiridde ekisukkiridde. Kyokka, obukuumi obwo bwasooka bwakozesebwa ku gavumenti y'omulembereza y'omu n'ebitundu eby'omu bukiikaddirizo, ate ne bubugaana obuteeyambibwa mu ngeri y'obuddu obwasooka mu bitundu ebyo. [5][5] Naye obutongole ekitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekinoonyezeddwamu mu bbanga lya bannamuwanyisa enkola y'obuddugattise.[5][5][5][5]

Akakiiko Akakola ku Buddukiro n’Okuzza Obuggya

Enkola y'okuggyawo mu kyasa ekya 19 kye kyali ekizibu eky'amaanyi ekyasooka mu nkolagana wakati w'okugolola obukwasifu n'entegeka z'abantu. Abatujju baagezaako nti akakwakkulizo aka Fugilo akalaga nti ekitongole ekiwandikibwa ng'omuddu mu 1850 kaakakasizza abakwasisa amateeka okwenyigira mu kunyagibwa kw'abaddu ab'eddembe n'okudda kw'abaddu, okumenyebwa kw'enkwakwakwakwakwakwa kw'enkwaso. [N] Entalo eza Kituko, zakolebwa okutaaweza abaddu [181] n'okununula eddembe eri wakati w'entalo [FLT] n'etteeka lya Kluxlan'ebulungula n'egw'alalalala. [197]

Ekibinja ky'Eddembe ly'Eddembe (1950s-1960s)

Enkolagana wakati w'abantu mu kyasa ekya 20 era yakyusa enkolagana wakati wa bannabyabufuzi ne poliisi. Abakulembeze nga Marin Luther King Jr. era n'entegeka nga [FLT]]NACP[ yakozesa okukalakaanya okutaasa okw'amateeka.[FOM][19][FLT][FL:][5] era n'enkola nga [[[FLT:] okulaba obukkulembedde ekitongole ekiwandikiro ekiyitibwa buggira ekingi nga kibuuka n'embwa ebibukwata ku baluba, obukyayinza okubukyusa mu ngeri y'okukulembedde.[5] Ebifaananyi ebyakolebwa mu ngeri y'okukulembereza mu nsonga ez'eby'eby'omulembedde, ebibadde bireeteewamu ebibadde bitegekebwa mu ngeri y'envubirira y'enkola mu ngeri y'emu.[5][5][5][Ethe, enkola y'

Omusango Omukulu: Amateeka Agakuuma Abapoliisi nga Tebayingira

Amateeka ago gakola ku busosoze, okugakozesa mu maanyi, n’okuvunaanibwa omusango.

Akakwate ka Kkooti Ek’Eddembe ly’Omukaaga 1964

Act eya 1964 oboolyawo lye tteeka erisinga obukulu mu byafaayo bya Amerika. Umutwe VI gugaana okusosola mu by'enkula, langi, oba ensibuko y'eggwanga okuyitira mu kampuni ezifuna obuyambi mu by'ensimbi nga ziweebwa obutongole bwa poliisi. Akakiiko kano kakkiriza ekitongole kya puliidage okukebera n'okuzza obukkulembezi mu nkola za poliisi.

Atteeka erikwata ku ddembe ly’obuntu eryayisibwa mu 1965

Wadde nga baalina ekigendererwa eky'okuggyawo ensalo ezikugira okulonda [1] ng'okukebera okulonda abantu nga basoma oba nga basoma era n'okulonda emisolo, [1] Akaadi ak'eddembe eryakolebwa mu 1965 nga tekwawulibwamu amateeka. Abapoliisi baayisaamu aba Black County mu bifo gye banoonyereza; akakwasisa gavumenti okukakalantibwa n'abalabirizi okulaba obanga balonda obululu. Ekiragiro kyasalawo okulonda ebitongole. Ekiragiro kyasabibwawo kampunti 5 nga kigoberera enkola eya bulijjo okusobola okufuna “okukkiririza ddala obwa bulijjo obwa bulijjo okuva ku kitongole ekitongole ekikola eby'okulonda ebya vooti. County.

Enteekateeka y’Okusulamu mu 1968

Nga yamanyibwa oluvannyuma lw'okutemulwa kwa Dokosoodo, Fair House Act mu 1968 eteeka amateeka gagaana obusosoze mu kukuuma ennyumba. Ekiragiro kino kikwata ku nsonga z'amateeka kubanga kirina akakwate n'enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu nkola za poliisi. Mu bitundu eby'enjawulo ebyewaŋŋanwa, obuwangwa bw'eggwanga butera okufuna obukulembedde obw'amaanyi ennyo obwa poli era n'okukugira enkola ez'obwa bannannyini ez'okufuga. Ekitongole kya Jujuuzi kikozesezza enkola ya Fair House okusoomooza enkola ez'okuteeka mu bujanjabiro n'okuteeka mu bantu abatono mu bifo ebyo.

Obufuzi bw’Ettemu n’Etteeka Ebiteekeddwawo mu 1994

Wadde nga tewaali mateeka ga ntegeka ya bantu okugattika, ebbaasa lino eddene ery'obumenyi bw'amateeka lyalimu enteekateeka eyitibwa ey'okukkirizisa 14141, eyakkiriza ekitongole kya ssawa emu ku bukwasisa ebitongole bya poliisi okunoonyereza ku ngeri ez'enjawulo ez'okweyisa obubi. Kino kyaviirako ‘ ebitongole ebikola ku nsonga z'eby'obumenyi'ekiwandiikibwa'amateeka'ekiwandiro, nga ebiyitibwa ekitongole kya Police oluvannyuma lw'empaka n'ekitongole ekikola obukyamu eky'obusosoze. Ekitongole kya Bannabyabufuzi ekiva mu Katria.

Olukalala lw’Eby’Obwenkanya mu Kikolwa ky’Eby’Obufuzi (2021)

Wadde ebiwandiiko bino byayisa House of Smassar emirundi mingi naye ne bigobererwa mu Ssemateeka, bikiikirira okugezaako okuteeka mu nkola enkuumi mu nkola za poliisi. mu nteekateeka zaawerebwawo okuwera ebifo ebiwerako, okukomya ebisaanyizo eby'okukuuma abakungu ba poliisi, okutandikawo enzijanjaba y'eggwanga ey'ebintu ebibi era n'okuteeka ku kamera. Enkaayanaanyi ezikwata ku mateeka ga kino ziraga obukyasigeezaako obukuumi n'okukuuma eddembe ly'abantu.

Engeri ez’Okugobererwamu mu Mateeka: Engeri y’Okukoppamu n’Ebikozesebwa mu Kukozesa Obuyinjabi

Okugondera Abakozi

[[NT:0] Ekiragiro ekya 'community politic kyalabika mu 1980 ne 1990 ng'eraga nti obutassa obwesige mu bantu ba poliisi ne batono. Obufirosoofo buggumiza ekizibu eky'okukolagana n'abatuuze, n'okuleka omulwanyi okudda ku mu kifo ekikuuma. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti bwe kwakolebwa, obupoliisi bukyusa endowooza ya bantu ne bukendeeza ku ndowooza ya poliisi era busobola okukendeeza obumenyi bw'amateeka awatali ku abo aba langi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekitongole kya Poliisi ekifuga ettwale ekya mu New Jersey kyaddamu okubuggyamu amaanyi gaabwo oluvannyuma lwonoona; kati bwo bukyogera ku ku ku ku ku nkola y'okulambula obunene, n'okuva ku ku ku ku ekyo.

Enkozesa ey’Ekitongole Ekikola ku Buwanguzi n’Okukyusa Obulamu bw'Abantu

Okukozesa enkola ey'okukaka kufuuse kiwandikiro ekiva ku kuteesa ku ddembe ly'abantu. Internationalism Association of Kigconst yatandikawo ekitongole ekikubiriza abakungu okukozesa amaanyi amatono ag'okwerinda, naye abakungu ba buli kitongole kikubisaamu enkola za njawulo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Michael Brown mu Ferguson, Missouris, Prent’s Stance ku 21st PolicialC baakubiriza abakungu bonna okugoberera emitindo egibaetaagisa okugoba, okugaana obusika ne n'okusiba ebiwandikiro, era n'okulagira abakunguzibya ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga lyabwe. Okufaananako esso Washington, n'amateeka gaayisaamu amateeka gano.

Okutendekebwa n’Okwesomesa

Okutendeka abakwasisa amateeka mu kiseera kino kyeyongera okuzingiramu obusobozi bw'okukwata ku ddembe ly'abantu, obusosoze obw'enneekusifu n'obuwangwa. Okunoonyereza okw'Abamaleya Abakola Empuliziganya mu Buwabuzi Forum[PERF:1] okusobola okuleetawo okugattika emitindo gy'amateeka. Era kino kiviiriddeko abantu okulowooza nti basobola okugondera amateeka singa bayisibwa bulungi. Kyokka, obuwanvu n'obuwanvu bw'okutendekebwa by'empulizi by'empulizi by'amatendekero byawukana mu ngeri eyo. Ebitongole ebimu byetaagisa essaawa ezisukka mu lukumi. Abawagira eddembe ly'eggwanga bawakanya obutuufu bw'ekkumi n'etaano n'etaano, obutuufu n'obuwanvu bw'okugoberezebwa.

Tekinologiya ne Kamera z’Omubiri

Okwongera kw'akamera ku kkamera y'omu mubiri ekitegeeza enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu kulaga enjawulo eriwo mu mateeka. Mu mwaka gwa 2014, abakungu ba kamera nnyingi baasemba mu Ferguson okusobola okukolagana n'abalala. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa . Ekiragiro kya kamera kiragira nti kamera zikendeeza okwemulugunya kw'abakunguzi n'abaami n'abakungu ba gavumenti. Kyokka, ebibakwata ku nsonga za bwamasaza bisigalawo mu kifo kyazo: afuga ekigere, ebbanga amala bye biremedwa, era oba nga programu ya sofuteesitemu ekozesebwa mu maaso ga bantu bonna. [[FLT:] Exption FLD [F:3] era ne[FLT][FFFF] A] AFFFF] ebiwagidwa obukulembedde kikakasa nti tewandiddwa bulungi ku nkola empya.

Ensonga Ezikwata ku Biseera eby’Omu Maaso: Obusosoze n’Ebizibu Ebippya Ebibaawo

Okunokolayo Ebimu ku Biri mu Kika

[1] Omuze ogw'okuyimirira, okunoonya, oba okusindikira abantu mu kifo ky'obujulizi obwa bulijjo. Obubonero okuva mu ntegeka z'abantu ab'eggwanga oba entegeka z'abantu ez'ekika kya Blacks [[FLT:]] Obulaguzi obw'Ekirala [[[FLT:]] Obubonero obw'Empuku] Obulaga nti abavuzimbi n'Abassusvu batera okuyimizibwa abatya abatya obutya abatyanyi ba mputtule okuyimirira n'okupikirizibwa mu kiseera abavumbo n'okupikirizibwa mu bannagguluka abavubuka. Ne bweba nga bafuga okumenya amateeka aganene, obutundu obuweramu, obuweramu ne bwegattiddwamu, obunene, obuva mu bitundu bya Tesselyniavunna, ne mu kukkula, ebiva mu ku ku ku n'ensolo.[FLT] Era, ekiragiro ekigo ekitongole ekiteetakyusizza abantu abatakkese mu ku nsonga za poli

Okutulugunyizibwa n’Abakulembeze b’Eby’Obupoliisi

Ebibaddewo mu obukambwe obusinga obungi bweyongera okuleetera abantu okusunguwala. Obuzibu bwa George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Eriya Mctain, ne abalala bangi buviiriddeko obutemu bungi okukalukuka n'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka. Ekiwandiiko eky'ensonga eky'omu mateeka ekigobererwa obuddukiro obuva ku sutumu z'abantu okuggyako nga baamenye ‘ mateeka. Ekiwandiiko kya bagaanye ensonga nnyingi ku kiko, ne bwe kiba nga abakungu babadde bakola mu ngeri etali nnungi. [[FLT:] NAFFFFF:2] EkFOLT] era n'ensonga endala ez'abantu ziyitibwa abakuumi b'okukyusaamu oba okuzza obutebenkera omusango. Ekkulongoosebwa oba okubukyusaamuamuamuamuamu. Enkola y'ensonga endala y'emu y'okunoonyereza oba okunoonyereza mu ngeri y'okunoonyereza mu biseera eby'ekitongole kya Steego, ya BY'okukyuuka

Okutulugunyizibwa kwa Bapoliisi

Ekiragiro kya poliisi kitegeeza okufuna ebyuma ebiteekebwa mu nkola ey'okukka wansi wa byo ("FLT]]] emmotoka ez'ekika kya bbomu, ebivugamu bbomu, emmundu, ne pulogulamu n'okulabirako obuwanvu obwa bulijjo emirundi mingi mu nteekateeka za poliisi ez'ekika nga [[[FLT:]]1033] Programume. Abakkosigi ba gavumenti bagamba nti abasirikale bano balabika ng'abakuumi okusinga abakuumi bannazo, era nti okukozesa kwabwe kukolebwa mu nsonga ezitalina nsonga nsonga za bulijjo. Enkola y'emu ng'eyo eyinza okukolebwako [[FLT][FLD][5], era ereendwawo n'eyo ereetebwawo, era evumiddeko oluvannyuma lw'okutumbula amagbo. [Fokirn][F][G][f]

Ebintu Ebituli ku Nnyumba

Kkooti y'emu n'ezo ezikolera ku tekinologiya ow'omu kiseera kino zeesigama nnyo ku: okusomera abantu layisensi, empandika za gramufomu, ne sistemu endala ezikwata ku ngeri gye zikolebwamu mu maaso. Wadde nga bino bisobola okuyamba okugonjoola obumenyi bw'amateeka, era biwayungiza ebireetebwawo eky'okunakuna. Kkooti Superme] Kkooti[[[FLLT:1]]]] olufuga mu [[FLT:] Kampalate] mu [[FLD]] Centerreert v. United States[ (20) [20)] era ne kunoonyereza kukolebwako, ebiba nga birina biragirowo ebituufu okutegeera ebiva mu ku ku ku nnyiriri eziragibwa, nga zigamba nti abantu baategeera bulungi.

Okunoonyereza ku Kiwandiiko ky’Ebyafaayo: Enkyukakyuka ez’Ebyafaayo

Rodney King Incidenchuck (1991)

Rodney King yakuba professor Los Angeles, ne bayitibwa vidiyo, ne kyesittala nnyo mu nsi eyo. Abakungu baatongoza obwegugungo bwa bakungu ba Los Angeles mu 1992, obwegugungo obwavaako obutategeeragana obwava mu mateeka ga Amerika obwali bukyasinze okuleetawo obutategeeragana. Gavumenti yakuba abakungu olw'okumenya amateeka ga bantu, ne kkomola ku nzikiriza ez'enjawulo mu LaPD, nga mw'otwalidde n'okutongoza akakiiko k'awumba k'awunzi, n'okutongoza ekiragiro eky'okutongoza aw'okutongoza olukalala. Era kyalaga obukulu bw'obujulizi bwa polimu mu kuvunaana ba poliisi ne kkampasi.

Ferguson Agusts (2014

Ekiragiro kino kyayisa alipoota Michael Brown eyasalirwa omukungu Darren Wilson mu Ferguson, Missouri, era n'okusala kw'abalamuzi okusalawo obutamusalira omusango Wilson, okwasaanyawo alipoota eyamala emyezi. . Ekiragiro kyalaga olukalala lwa Kkomero lwa Kkomero lwa gavumenti: Ekitongole kya Poliisi ekibadde kikozesa enziji z'ebiddukanya z'ebidduka era nga kikozesa ssente eziva ku bannaakyo, nga kireetamu abantu aba Buddugavubuka mu lukujjufu, ekibanguyirira ddala. Lipooti era kyalaga obusosoze mu kkooti.[Fogson yafuuka akabonero akalaga obusosoze mu mateeka agafuga amateeka agafuga amateeka. Okusambaamenya ekiragiro kyaleetera okutandikawo ekitongole kya Propulsonson ne kiwandikibwamu ektongole ekitongole ekirwo.

George Floyd Protest (2020)

Ku kuttibwa kwa George Floyd kwa Minneapolis omukungu wa poliisi Derek Chauvin, eyakwatibwa ku vidiyo, yaleetawo ekiwayi kya bannabyabufuzi ekisingayo obunene mu byafaayo bya Amerika. Ekkubo lya Kauvin ku Floyd lyali kyakulabirako kya maanyi nnyo. Okukaluubiriza okwaleetera Floyd okusala omusango ku Floyd kyokka, naye kuleetawo enkyukakyuka ya sistemu ya sistemu. Okugoba abasirikale mu mateeka oba mu mateeka, okukyusiza obuteesiteesi, n'okuzza obutebenkeze mu mirimu gya kalina abantu. Khauvin yasalibwa omusango ogw'okutta n'okutta n'okutta, omusango ogwasalirwa omusango olw'okuzza obumenyi obw'emisango. Omuteereereereere mu mawanga mangi mangi era n'okukulembereza. [Frome]

Obulagirizi Obunaabaawo mu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso: Okuzza Obuggya, Okutabagana, n’Okuyamba Abantu Okwewala Obubenje

Bwe tutunuulira ebigenda mu maaso, enkolagana wakati w'okukuuma eddembe ly’abantu n’okugolola obulyi bw’amateeka ejja kwesigamye ku butaka obutali bumu obuba buzzeewo.

Enkyukakyuka mu by’Ekyokulabirako ne mu Bitongole Ebirala

Abawagira enkola eno bagamba nti kiba kirungi okukomya [[ obusobozi bw'okukuuma obudde, obwetaagisa [ amateeka agafuga kamera[, [[[FLT:]]] obudde obusobola okulabirira obubambo obubangawo obwa bulijjo[[[[[FLT:]] era [[FLT:]] n'okuteekamu [[FLT]] okumanya] ebisaanyizo ebirala ebisaanyizo by'o, ebibuga ebimu bitaddewo ebiwandikiro ne b'awulamu [[FLT:] era ne] Kino kizingiramu okukebera n'okunoonyereza n'okusemba okutereeza. [FFLT:][15][F][12][12][F][N][5]]

Okwenyigira mu Kitundu n’Ebitongole Ebikola ku Kibiina

Okunyweza enkolagana wakati wa poliisi n'abantu kikulu nnyo. Enteekateeka nga Omulamuzi ow'ekika ekya mpuku Kino kisobozesa omuntu okufuna obuwagizi obutali bumu n'abuteeka mu masomero. Ebibuga ebimu bigezezzaako n'obubonero obutonotono [ obutegeeza obutundu obusooka obulagira abalwadde b'obwongo okubeera okumpi oba mu kifo kya poliisi okuyimba, okukendeeza n'okukukuuma eddembe ly'abantu abali mu buzibu. Ebibuga ebimu bigezesezza enkola y'obwongezi mu ngeri y'obujjanjabi [ ne [[FLT:]] [FLT:][FLT][FLT]][FLT]][5]][5]][5]][5]]

Okuyiga n’Okutendeka Ebintu

Enteekateeka y'okukuza abaana esinziira ku kutendekebwa okusobozesa abapoliisi okufuna eddembe eriva mu mawanga amalala n'okulekawo obuwangwa. AKATANDIKI] (KIT) eri abakungu abakwata abantu mu mbeera z'obwongo, gyeyongera okuba nga ya bulijjo. Abasirikale bangi kati babadde balina abasirikale mu nsonga ezisobozesa obusosoze mu langi ne mu mpisa ez'enjawulo. Ekizibu kiri nti okukakasa nti okutendeka tekujjulukuka, okuseezebwa, era n'okulongoosebwa. Abakugusa abamu bayita abasawo enkola y'obujjanjabi ey'okujjanjaba abasawo, n'okutuukiriza obutuufu bw'ebyo ebibakwata ku bannannyini.

Okukendeeza ku Kifo kya Bapoliisi

Enteekateeka ey'okufuga egenda yeeyongera okuwumbibwako ebigambo ebigamba nti “ ,” banoonya eby'obugagga okuva ku kukuuma amateeka n'okukola emirimu egikolebwa ku bantu gamba ng'okukuuma obusawo bw'obujjanjabi, obujjanjabi mu by'obulamu, n'eby'ettemu. Abakugunja nti okugoba obuwangwa kwa bantu bonna kuyinza okwekkiriranya, naye abawagira enkola za poliisi mu bibuga nga Eugene, Orego [[KAT] [okuteekako] n'okuziyiza ebikolebwako, ne [[FLT:] Drenver, Coloradow [programme] [AR] [programunti] eyasobola okukolagana obulungi n'okusobozesa obumenyi bw'ongerako obumenyi bw'onzivuzibwe okusobozesa okumanyisaamu obutuufu mu ku kukebera ebiva mu bitundu bino ebibalango. ebikozesebwa mu kukebera ebiva mu ku nkola ey'okulongoosa okumanyibwa obutuufu oku

Olugero: Omulimu Ogutannakolebwa ogw’Obwenkanya

Enkolagana wakati w'okugobereza eddembe ly'abantu n'okugobereza eddembe ly'abantu si kye kintu ekigonjooleddwa, wabula okuteesa wakati w'eddembe n'ab'obuyinza. Ebyafaayo biraga nti okukulaakulana kusobola okubaawo nga wabaddewo amateeka, okugattika, okugamenyamu, n'okugatuukiriza. Kyokka, buli kikolwa kiyamba okuzuula obuzibu. Omusomesa n'omuyizi okutegeera amateeka, n'ensonga ezikwata ku nkolagana wakati w'abantu. Okumanya okwo kwe kuyinza okusobozesa abatuuze okuteeka amateeka era ne bawaliriza buli omu kukuuma enteekateeka y'ebintu. Omulimu gw'okuzimba abantu batuukirivu tegukoma ku mu ngeri esaanira, naye okukitegeera obulungi ensonga esobozesa okugonjonjola.