Akabenje ak'emirundi ebiri, akamanyidwa mu ntegeka z'amateeka nnyingi nga bis mu biragiro bya mateeka (ekitegeeza "Sikubiri eri tteeka limu), ke bukuumi obukulu obukuuma omuntu obutakwatibwa, okusalibwa, oba okubonerezebwa emirundi egisukka mu gumu olw'ensonga emu. Omusingi guno gutegekebwa bulungi mu nsi yonna nga emirundi mingi mu mateeka [“Ogwo gukolebwa mu ttuluba gwa " nga Demiteesitemu ey'okutaano eri amateeka eri United States oba Akatundu 50 ak'Omulango gw'etteeka ekkulu erya 'Europeantwalety Rights'.[1] Okuteeka mu mateeka agafuga mu ngeri y'emu, okunoonyereza ku ngeri enkaluti n'enkola ennukuta y'enkola y'emu mu mateeka. Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa eddembe eri mu nsi yonna okumanyisaamu, era ne mu nsonga ey'okuva mu mateeka okugobeeyeeya mu mateeka. obuvunaanyizibwa obw'ebiragiro eby'ebiragiro bya bulina ku mateeka okugababibwa mu nsi yonna okugo, kye

Ebyafaayo Ebyafaayo Ebyafaayo

Ensibuko y'obubenje obw'emirundi ebiri eyinza okusangibwa mu mateeka ga Rooma era n'amateeka g'Ekingereza, gye kwegayirira aurectis Confict era ne assurefois, omuntu eyasigirwa omusango ogw'okubiri. Kyokka, okuyingiza omusingi guno mu mikago gy'abantu mu nsi yonna kwe kweyongera okukolebwa mu kiseera kino, okukolebwa mu kiseera kino nga Ssematalo II awedde. Ekikebe kya Nuremberg, kyaleetawo ebibuuzo ebizibu ebikwata ku bantu kinnoomu oba n'okuddamu mu kkooti z'ensi yonna nga bamaze okusala omusango. Wadde nga omusingi teguteekeddwawo mu kiseera ekyo, obwetaayongera kukolebwawo mu kuyigganyizibwa.

Ekirango ky'Obuntu ekya Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UNIversal Corporation of Human Rights) ekya 1948 tekyogera butereevu ku kabi ak'emirundi ebiri, naye kyassaawo omusingi ogusobozesa okuleetawo obwenkanya mu Artic 10, ekyakakasa okuwozesebwa mu bwenkanya era n'okusalirwa emisango gya bantu bonna. Endagaano eyasooka okusalibwawo mu nsi yonna yaleetawo okuteekawo akabenje emirundi ebiri. Endagaano ey'ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'ekitongole ne ku by'obufuzi, yamanyibwa mu 1966 era n'ekozesebwa mu buyinza bw'ensonga empya. Okuva olwo, ebiwandiiko ebikwata ku ddembe by'abantu bigobereddwawo, buli kimu kikwatagana n'ensonga ezizingirwamu.

Okukuuma Obukuumi mu Nteekateeka Ennene Ekwata ku Ddembe ly’Abantu

Ebirala bingi kati bikakasa omusingi ogukwata ku kussa obulamu mu kabi emirundi ebiri, wadde ng’olulimi n’ebifo ebizingirwamu byawukana.

Endagaano ey’Ensi Yonna ekwata ku ddembe ly’Obuntu n’Ery’eby’obufuzi

Akatundu 14, akatundu 7 ku buli ggwanga kagamba: Tewali n'omu alikkirizibwa kusalirwa oba okubonerezebwa olw'ekibi kye yasalirwako dda omusango mu nkomerero yakwasibwa omusango oba okuggibwawo nga kigendera ku mateeka n'okubonerezebwa mu buli ggwanga. Akakiiko kano kalina okukwata amateeka 173. Akakiiko ka ddembe ly'eddembe ly'abantu akafuga endagaano akalaga olukalala. Akakiiko akalabiro akatwala ESCIPR akakwate ne keeyisawo, ke kaasazaamu ebigambo mu munnabyamalanga n'amateeka. [[FLLT:1] Akabonero kano kalina okukireetera obukwakuliriza omusango ogusembayo, ebitegeeza obutajulirwa mu ngeri eya bulijjo. Kyokka, akakiiko akakiiko akakola endagaano akalonda ek'okugitongoola tekaddamu okuzza omusango mu ngeri ey'ensonga (eyo eba tekkiriziddwa) oba nga kafulumyemu mu lukolebwemu.

Wadde kiri kityo, mu ggwanga lye limu n'erya ICCPR, olukalala olwo olulimu obumenyi bw'amateeka olw'ensonga ez'enjawulo, olumu terulina kye bukolawo mu ngeri eyawukana nga //empandika y'emu nga kirimu enkyukako mu bitundu by'ensi ebirala. Wadde kiri kityo, Akakiiko ka Rights akakubiriza gavumenti okulowooza ku musingi guno mu ngeri enfuga yonna.

Omuntu bw’aba ow’okuganyulwa mu by’omwoyo, afuna essanyu lingi.

Akatundu 4 ak'omukago aka Protooti N'ewagisaawo EKKOLALA 7 kalaga: Tewali n'omu alikkirizibwa okusalirwa omusango oba okubonerezebwa mu mateeka ga gavumenti y'emu. Omusango omukulu guzingiramu Sowunin v. [[FLT:] M.209]

Protooto Na. 7 era kyongerako nti eddembe okuggulawo enkola tekikuziyiza kutandika buzibu singa obujulizi obuppya oba obwazuulibwa bubaako obuzibu mu nkola ezaakolebwanga emabega busobola okuleetawo enkyukakyuka. Okugatta ku ekyo, enteekateeka eno egoberera bukodyo bw'eggwanga lye limu, ne kilekawo omukisa ogw'okuwozesebwa okw'okubiri okw'eggwanga edda oba olukiiko olw'ensi yonna. Eno ebadde nsonga ya kukubaganya ebirowoozo, naddala mu nsonga ezikwata ku Bulaaya ezikwata ku kukwata ku Buwampulu era ne ku musingi ogw'okumanyiŋŋanamu.

Olukiiko lw’Amerika ku Ddembe ly’Obuntu

Akatundu 8, akatundu 4 mu k'Akakiiko aka Amerika akakwata ku ddembe ly'abantu kagamba: " Omuntu avunaanibwa omusango ogutakkirizibwa tajja kutwalibwa mu musango mupya olw'ensonga y'emu. Kkooti ey'Amerika ennyonnyola etteeka erikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu mu bujjuvu. Allenacid Alleano v. [] [200]], kkooti yakkiriza nti okugwa mu mateeka agayinza okuggibwawo n'okumenyebwa obumenyesebwa abantu, wadde nga gaali ssa mu kko ekko ekkomo. Olugero "lukalala] lutegeeza nti omuntu ajjuulidwako obukoddiriddwa obuppya, era singa obujulizi obupya buzuulibwa wansi w'obujulizi obunene obusinga okuwerebwa wansi w'obujulizikusinze shwvuvuvuvuvuvuvu. Kyokka, kkooti ezisinga okugaana okubonerebwa mu kkooti ezisinzibwa wakati mu kkooti ezimenyese.

Ebirala Ebiyigirizibwa mu Bitundu

[[NKULU:0] Ekirabo mu African ku Ddembe ly'abantu tekibaamu mitwe ebiri egy'akabi, naye Komiti ya Africa ku Ddembe ly'abantu ekyeyambizza obukuumi okuva ku budde wansi w'Akakiiko 7. Arabib Trater ku Dderect [ mu Katundu 19 [E]] akawandikiro akakakasa obutasalirwa tteeka limu emirundi ebiri emirundi ebiri olw'ekibiawe, wadde enkola zaako tezikola nga ntono. [[FLT:] [Foct:]] Charwarter ku ntegeka za tteeka erifuga e Endagaano z'abantu , zirimu olukalala 50, nga zibaamu enkyusa eya "Nkyusa ey'enkola y'enkola y'enkola ya Kkoluuningo ya Bulaafulumenti eya Bukiiko olumu mu Bukiiko Olumu mu Bulaayatikalaayatikalaafu], era nga zinnyonnyola enfubibwa okuva mu ngeri endala ez

Kigero n’Obunafu bw’Omusingi

Wadde ng’endagaano ezikwata ku ddembe ly’obuntu ziwa obukuumi obwenkanidde awo, okugwa mu mitawaana gy’emirundi ebiri tekuyinza kukoma.

'Oseme' - Puloguramu egezesa oba empandika eya "Okwawuddwa"

Ekintu ekikulu kiri nti: 'Ensonga z'omu'etteeka limu'.' Kkooti z'ensi n'enzika ziwagidde okugezesa okw'enjawulo. Abamu essira balissa ku mateeka ga gavumenti ('eb'akiwandiiko) ate ebirala, nga mu ebyo ebikolebwa mu European Court of Human Rights, batunuulira enneeyisa y'abantu ab'empaka ez'enjawulo. Enkola eno esobola okukuuma abantu baleme okusalibwa ebbeesa mu mateeka olw'okukola ekintu kye kimu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, omuntu avuga ekimenyamenya amateeka era n'atta abantu nga yeesasuzanya, ayinza okuvunaanibwa abantu mu ggwanga erimu naye n'aviirako okufa ng'okuvuga mu kikolwa eky'akabi. Mu kugezesebwa okw'okubiri, okuvunaanibwa okw'okubiri ku mateeka kuyinza okusambibwa mu kusalibwa obukyama.

Ebyawukana ku Biwa Obujulizi Obuppya oba Ebireetebwa Obutuufu

Endagaano ezisinga obungi zikkirizibwa okuggulawo omusango singa wabaawo obujulizi obw'amaanyi obulaga nti omuntu tafunye musango. Ekiragiro ACR'SGR 'Sthiont No. 32' kigamba nti Akatundu 14(7) "katagaana kuggulawo misango ku lw'ensonga. ECHR’S Ekiragiro No. Enkola ya EKKOMITI 7 butereevu egamba nti etteeka eryo terikwata ku kuddamu kubikkula oba kunafuwa kwa maanyi. Kyokka, Convention ya American, ng'etavvuunulwa kkooti ya Amereka okuggyawo oba okuyingiza oludda oludda olutali lw'omusango olw'ensonga ezitakkirizibwa okukkirizibwa, okuggyako nga mu mbeera entono ennyo ligamba nti enteekateeka y'okukumpanya okw'emisango oba obulyinjabi.

Okusosola Embimbi n’Embibi

Oboolyawo ekikoma ku kuba nti endagaano ezikwata ku ddembe ly'obuntu zibaamu okuwozesebwa okw'okubiri mu ggwanga limu. Kino kitegeeza nti omuntu ataliiko musango oba azzirizibwa omusango mu nsi emu ayinza okusalirwa omusango olw'enneeyisa y'emu mu nsi endala, okuggyako nga endagaano ey'enjawulo (nga ku mateeka agafuga Amawanga ga Bulaaya) ga Bulaaya gawa buzibu obw'enjawulo. Omusanvu mu nsonga zino, okutunda ebiraga ebiragalalagala ebiva mu njagattemu ne bannalukalala gye bibeera n'ebiragiro ebirala, naye nga tewali mateeka ga buli wamu.

Obukyamu mu Bikolwa by’Omulimu ogw’Obubi mu Nsi Yonna

Omusingi ogukwata ku kabi ak'emirundi ebiri era gukola ne mu mateeka g'ensi yonna, gye gatera okuyitibwa binas mu bisiru. Etteeka erikwata ku kabi n'akabi, nga International Criminal Court (ICC), ekitongole ekimanyiddwa olw'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu nsi yonna, ekiwandikiro ekifuga ensi yonna, n'ekitongole ekiyitibwa International Criminal Tribunal mu Rwanda (ICT), bye byateekawo amateeka agaakyo.

Amateeka g’Abaruumi Agakwata ku Kkooti y’Omutalaazi ow’Ensi Yonna

Ekitundu 20 ku ssemateeka, ekiwandiikiddwa Nes mu ddow , kiraga: Omuntu yenna tasalirwa musango mu maaso ga kkooti. Ekiragiro kino bwe kiba nga kikola ku nsonga z'omu kibiina, omuntu yasalirwa omusango. Kyokka, okwawukana kukiri nti okuvunaanibwa omusango gwa kkooti y'omu maka, oba okusalirwa omusango teguliiko muntu yenna. Ekiragiro kyayitirira ku kkooti eyo okuwozesebwa omusango mu ggwanga singa ssimu omuntu yenna agezesezza omusango ogwo. Kyokka, ensonga ez'enjawulo zibaawo: singa okuvunaanibwa omuntu okuva mu kkooti y'obumenyi bw'emisango, oba obutasalirwamu, ziyinza okukolebwa mu ngeri eyo emanyiddwa oba okusalibwa obuterekesa omusango. Enkola eyo tekkirizibwa mu mateeka ey'okulagaganaganaganaganaganaganagana mu mateeka mu Rooma.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, kkooti z'eggwanga zikkiriza okulumiriza omuntu oluvannyuma lw'okusala omusango mu Tribunal, naye zikkiriza Tribunal okulumiriza omuntu singa omusango gwa kkooti y'eggwanga guba gwa bukuusa.

Obutategeeragana Obutuufu bw’Ebikolwa by’Okwekennenya

Emu ku nsonga enzibu ennyo ezikwata ku mateeka g'ensi yonna kwe kukolagana wakati w'amawanga n'amawanga. Ng'ekyokulabirako, singa kooti y'eggwanga evunaana omuntu olw'ekitta abantu olw'obukakafu obuteetaagisa, oluvannyuma e ICC eyinza okumuvunaana olw'okukola ekintu kye kimu? Wansi w'Akatundu 20(3) ak'omutementi y'e Rooma, RAP esobola okweyongera okulagira nti amateeka gawagidde omuwaayirizi okuvunaana omuwaayibwa. Kino kikakasa nti obufuzi bwa gavumenti bulina okubonerezebwa. Mu ngeri eyo, RACD teyalwawo nnyo okubonereza abamenyi b'amateeka abo.

Okutuukana n’Emitendera gy’Eby’Eby’Etteeka

Kkooti z'eggwanga zitera okubuuza obanga zirina okukkiriza obuteeberezebwa obw'emirundi ebiri. Mu nsi nnyingi, omusingi gwa "obumenyi bw'amateeka" teguyinza kumanyibwa nga zikoze emisango gy'abagwira. Ng'ekyokulabirako, kkooti enkulu mu . mu [FLT]]. United States [2029], guwandiikiriza obujulizi obwa "gavumenti", obukkiriza gavumenti ne gavumenti okulumiriza omuntu yenna olw'empisa y'emu. Mu ngeri y'emu, etteeka mu nsi yonna terina kukugira kukwatibwa gavumenti nga ya munnaggwanga egezesa omuntu oyo, okuggyako nga endagaano ewadde ekyo.

Kyokka, ekitongole ekyo kyeyongera okumanyibwa. Akatundu 50 ak'Akakiiko akafuzi akayitibwa Charter of Fundamental Rights era ne Schengen acquis kalina okussa ekitiibwa mu kusalawo okulina okuva mu mawanga amalala nga gakola kye kimu. Kino kyongedde ku nkola y'enkola y'enkola y'emu mu Bulaaya ezikwata ku bantu abawambiddwa, era nga kino kitwaliramu ensonga eziba nga oluvannyuma omuntu asaliddwako omusango. Wabweru wa Bulaaya, omusingi tegulina kutongozebwa bulungi naye amawanga agamu (nga Canada ne Australia) galina mateeka oba amateeka agakkiriza okugoba abagwira mu mbeera ezimu.

Ebizibu Ebiba Bizzeewo

Wadde nga waliwo okukulaakulana, wakyaliwo okusoomooza kungi mu mateeka agakwata ku ddembe ly’obuntu mu nsi yonna.

Obukakafu ku Bikwata ku Buzibu Obubawo

Ebirala biraga nti singa ensi ebaamu abantu abangi ababa bakoseddwa obulabe obw'engeri yonna, kiba kyangu abantu okuwozesebwa mu mateeka.

Ekilwanyisa ekya troverstiki n'obukuumi bw'eggwanga

Oluvannyuma lwa bannalukalala okulumba, gavumenti ezimu zigezezzaako okulumiriza abantu abaali batakyalina musango mu nsi endala, nga ziggumiza amaanyi g'ekibi.Ensonga z'olulyo lw'omuntu ziwa obukakafu nti kino kiremereddwa okukkaanya omusingi ogulina okukomekkereza. Obukyayi obuli wakati w'obutebenkevu bw'eggwanga n'obuzibu obw'emirundi ebiri, biyinza okweyongera ng'amateeka amangi agafuga obumenyi bw'amateeka obutayagala kukola by'obumenyi bw'amateeka.

Amateeka Agakwata ku Kuguza Ebintu mu Nsi Yonna

Ekifo ekimu ekyakatandika kwe kuyita mu mitawaana gy'abassente emirundi ebiri nga bagobererwa akakwate ka (ISDS). Kampuni bw'esalirwa omusango mu ggwanga erimu olw'okwonoona obutonde bw'ensi, eyinza okuvunaanibwa mu ggwanga edda wansi w'endagaano y'okuteekawo endagaano y'okuteeka ssente mu kitongole ky'ekika ekimu?

fundikira

Endagaano ezikwata ku ddembe ly'abantu mu nsi yonna zikola omusingi omunywevu okukuuma abantu baleme okutuukibwako akabi emirundi ebiri mu nsi yonna. ECR, ECHR, Convention of America, n'ebitundu ebirala eby'okukozesa, bissaawo amateeka agakugira gavumenti okubonereza omuntu oba okumubonereza olw'ekibi kye kimu. Kyokka omusingi guno tegukoma ku bukakafu obw'enkomeredde: okuggyako obujulizi obuppya, obwetaavu obw'emisango, n'obusosoze obw'okubonerezebwa obumenyebwa, bikakasa nti obwenkanya busobola okusaanyizibwa. Ate era, etteeka erifuga ensi yonna liba terimu na kabi kangi ak'emirundi ebiri.

Ng'okukolagana mu by'ensi yonna kugenda kweyongera era nga n'okukwataganya enkola z'amateeka bwe kweyongera, obwetaavu bw'okukolagana obulungi obukuumi obw'akabi obw'emirundi ebiri mu bitundu byonna bijja kweyongera. kkooti z'ensi yonna zikiraze nti kisoboka okugonjoola ensonga ezikwata ku ngeri y'okuzituukirizaamu ensonga. Era ebibiina ebikola nga European Union bikola enteekateeka ezisobozesa obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okumanyibwa obulungi. Ennaku z'obuntu okussibwamu ekitiibwa mu bujjuvu, gavumenti ziteekwa okweyongera okuteekawo enkola ezikugira okukwatibwa kw'abamenyi b'amateeka nga bwe balekawo mu nsonga ezikkirizibwa mu mateeka.