Okutegeera Obukulu bw’Endowooza Rajeya Sabha gy’Alina ku Bulamu

Rajeya Sabba, oba Olukiiko lwa Amerika olwa waggulu olw'e Paalimenti ya Buyindi. Lukiikirira essaza n'ebifo ebigattiddwa, nga biwa abateesi b'amateeka, abakugu, era nga byewaanyi eby'enjawulo essomero erikubiriza okussaawo amateeka era n'okumalirira abantu okubaako bye bakola. Obutafaananako olukiiko lwa Lok Sabba, olulina abalimu abalondebwa abantu, Rajiya Sabbaha ekola wansi w'amateeka agafuga abo abasobola okufuuka ekitundu. Amateeka gano gategekebwa abantu bokka abalina ebifo ebimala mu by'obukulu mu by'obukulu, eby'obugolokofu, n'obukugunjufu, ebibalira ddala ebibakwata ku nkola y'eggwanga. Ekitundu kino kiwanjula emitindo gy'eggwanga eriyo, era n'ebgobeeyongera okubaamu enkyungiko, era n'ensonga endala ezigobeego, ebigobeetaago, era n'ebyo ebigo by'enkola mu nteekateeka.

Endagaano Ennungi eri Abo Abali mu Lukiiko Olukulu

Ebisaanyizo ebyetaagibwa okufuuka omu ku lukalala lw'eggwanga lya Indiya. Ekitundu 84 kissa essira ku bisaanyizo ebisookerwako eby'okubeera mu lukiiko olukulu olw'eggwanga. Ekitundu 102 nakyo kyogera ku kufuuka munnaalyo. Ekiragiro kino kyongera ku ku Kiwandiiko kya People Act, 1951, n'amateeka amalala ag'enjawulo. Abakola amateeka mu Mateeka ga Kikadeeti bassaawo mu bugenderevu ebisaanyizo eby'emyaka egya waggulu n'embeera y'enkyukakyuka mu k'empandika eya Ravya Sabbaha eyinza okugeraageranyizibwa ne Lok Sabba, ekiraga omulimu gw'abantu abafumiti era n'obukugunjufu mu nteekateeka y'ebitongole bya gavumenti.

Ekitundu 84: Omuntu bw’Asobola Okuwona Okubivaamu

Akatundu 84 ak’Etteeka kyogera ku bisaanyizo bisatu omuntu by’alina okutuukiriza okusobola okufuuka omu ku bakungu ba Raje Sabha:

  • [[Akawayiro:0] Eractiveship:[ Ateekwa okubeera omutuuze mu Buyindi. Embeera eno ekakasa nti abo bokka abalina ebbanja ery'okugondera eggwanga be basobola okwenyigira mu kussaawo amateeka ku kigero ekya waggulu.
  • [[ALT:0] Age: Emyaka egisinga obunene mu kwegatta gibeera emyaka asatu. Kino kye kimu ku gy'obeetaaze obwa myaka amakumi abiri mutaano egya Lok Sabba, nga kino kiraga nti Rajiya Sabba alina okuba omukulu mu by'omwoyo, akuze mu bulamu, era alamula.
  • [[Act:0] Ebisaanyizo ebirala nga bwe biragibwa mu mateeka:[[[NKULA] Era Constitution ekkiriza Olukiiko lw'amateeka okuwandiisa ebisaanyizo ebirala okuyitira mu mateeka. Mu ngeri eno, etteeka erisinga obukulu kwe kukiikirira abantu Act, 1951, ekisobozesa ebiba bikkiriziddwa okwongera okubaamu emitindo egikwatagana n'obubonero obulagira okulonda n'obusobozi bw'amateeka.

Ekiragiro kino kisalawo engeri z'okugoberera amateeka ga gavumenti. Tekikkirizibwa era kikolera wamu eri bonna ababa bagenda okubatizibwa, ka kibe nti balondebwa n'enkuŋŋaana eza gavumenti oba nga balondeddwa Prezidenti.

Ebisaanyizo Ebisingawo Wansi w’Ekifo ky’Akabonero ka People Act, 1951

Wadde nga wayita ekitundu 84, Ekitundu 3 eky'ekikiikirira abantu Act, 1951, kiba kitaddewo ebisaanyizo by'amateeka omuntu by'alina okutuukiriza okusobola okutuula mu Rajiya Sabba.

  • Balina okutongoza ng’omukulembeze w’essomero, wadde ng’okukuba obululu okwo kukulu nnyo kukwata Raje Sabba.
  • Tekiteekwa kukkirizibwa kutongozebwa mu nkola yonna ereeteddwa mu mutendera guno oba mu mateeka.
  • Balina okutuukiriza ebisaanyizo ebyandibasobozesezza okulondebwa ng’omu ku Assembly of State – ekiraga nti omuntu yandibadde n’obusobozi bw’okulonda obutereevu.

Ate era, omuteesiteesi wa Raje Sabba ateekwa okuba omu ku b'akakiiko akafuga etteeka (mu nsi erimu akakiiko akayitibwa Brameral Consembly mu ggwanga mwe balondebwa. Kino kikakasa nti omubatize ategeera bulungi enkola ya gavumenti.

Ebisaanyizo by’Okubeera ku Kakiiko Akalina Okuyigirizibwa ng’Akakiiko Akalina Okukolebwa mu Gavumenti

Ekiragiro kino kinnyonnyola ebisaanyizo ebizingirwa mu kukuŋŋaana okwa ssemateeka, nga kino kikwata ku Rajeya Sabba abagenda okulondebwa. Bino bizingiramu okubeera omutuuze wa Buyindi ow'emyaka nga Amakumi abiri mutaano (nga Raje Sabhaha ow'emyaka gisinga obunene), era nga balina ebisaanyizo ebyetaagibwa wansi mu mateeka ga gavumenti. Mu butuufu, Rajiya Sabba abadde awezezzazza mu nkuŋŋaana ennene oba alina obumanyirivu mu by'ebyobufuzi, wadde nga kino si ketaagisa bukulu nnyo nga batuuse mu myaka n'obutuuze mu kibiina.

Ofiisi y’Essente n’Entalo

Embeera embi eri Rajeya Sabba eyali omu ku lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu – olwo kitegeeza nti omubatize tateekwa kuba na kifo kyonna eky'okwefunira amagoba wansi wa gavumenti ya Buyindi oba gavumenti, okuggyako nga wakkirizibwa mateeka. K'omulimu gwa ssente[ era nga kitegeeza ekifo kyonna ekisobozesa abanyagge b'amateeka okufuna emiganyulo mu by'ensimbi oba okufuna obuwagizi okuva ku gavumenti era nga tayinza kuleetawo kukattulumya emirimu gy'alina mu kifo ky'omukungu. Ekiteebbeesiteesi kiyinza okuwanirira obwetwaze obwa nnakyewaabwe ku lukiiko lw'akyewamalanga era n'okuziyiza abakungu okuyingiza abakungu mu mateeka okuyitira mu bakungu.

Ekiragiro ekifuga amateeka kikyawulamu (Attikle 102) Ekiragiro ekifuga ddala omuntu n'aba nga wa lukiiko lw'eggwanga singa baba n'ekifo eky'ebbeeyi. Kyokka, Parlema alina obuyinza okusala ebifo ebimu okuva ku kutuukirizibwa kw'amateeka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Parliament (Prevention of Accutication) Act, 1959[ Akawayiro kalonda olukalala lwa ofiisi ezitwalibwa ng'eza magoba, nga n'obwannaddiini (ekikkirizibwa mu mateeka) n'ebifo ebirala. Agume kisigala nga kiwandikiddwawo omutwe ogw'okunnyonnyola ensonga ez'okusala oba eza palamenti, era abo abaagala okugenda mu lukiiko olwo bateekwa okugwa mu mbeera eno embi.

Ebintu Ebiyinza Okuleetera Rajeya Sabha Abaali mu Kitundu ky’Ekkanisa Okubuusabuusa

Amateeka ga Raje Sabba era galaga ensonga eziwerako eziviirako omuntu obutalondebwa ng’omu ku b’ennyumba ya waggulu, oba okweyongera okubeera omu ku abo abagigoberera.

Enkyukakyuka mu Ssaddaaka y’Amateeka Wansi w’Akatundu 102

Akatundu 102 ak'Etteeka kalaga engeri zino wammanga:

  • [[AK'AMU:0] Okusigira ekifo eky'ebbeeyi[ wansi wa gavumenti oba entebe y'ekitundu nga bwe kyogeddwako waggulu.
  • [[AGUMENTI] Bw'oba nga toli mu magezi[[:1], kiba kikakasizza nti abo abalina obusobozi obw'okutegeera basobola okubeera mu kifo kya gavumenti.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Kuba muntu atannaba kuteebwa era nga tayinza kusumululwa okuva ku ofiisi ya paalimenti kubanga ebuusabuusa obunene bw'eby'ensimbi ze balina n'obusobozi bwe balina obw'okufuga enkukanya ey'okwerinda.
  • [[[AKM:0] Tekyegasse kuba mutuuze mu Buyindi oba okwefunira obutuuze mu ggwanga eritali lya bulijjo. Kino kinyweza obutuuze mu Buyindi.
  • [[Act:0] Okumalibwawo etteeka erikoleddwa Olukiiko lw'ensirime.[[Akakiiko k'omu n'awulu] Kino kitegeeza nti ebigambo byonna ebiri mu lukalala lw'ebiragiro birimu enjola y'amateeka agafuga engeri gye bisengekeddwamu.

Enjawulo Ezikwata ku Mateeka wansi w’Ekifaananyi ky’Omuti ogw’Abantu, 1951

Ekikiikirira ekyo eky'omukolo gwa People Act, 1951 (RPA) nakyo kigattawo okusoberwa okulala, naddala erina akakwate n'ebikolwa ebikyasiddwa omusango, n'enzikiriza z'obumenyi bw'amateeka. Ekiragiro ekikulu kitwaliramu:

  • [[NKULA] Okutongozebwa ku milandu egimu: Omuntu asalirwa omusango asalirwa omusango okumala emyaka ebiri oba egisukkawo takkirizibwa kuva ku lunaku lwennyini lwennyini okumala emyaka mukaaga oluvannyuma lw'okuteebwa. Kyokka, singa obwesige obwo bumenyebwa mu Kitundu 8 ekya RPA (nga ebikolwa ebyekuusa n'obulyingi, ebituutira obunene, oba ebyo ebiva ku kalulu, ekiseera eky'okusibawo obujulizi kiyinza okuwereza ebbanga ddene.
  • Ebikolwa ebikolebwa [[NKULULA]] Empuku bwe bisanga nga ebitongole ebikola ku ntambula ebbibwa bisanze nti omunyago yeenyigidde mu bikolwa ebibi (um', obulyi bw'enguzi, ennyimirira n'okukwata amasasimu) biyinza obutakkirizibwa okumala ekiseera nga mukaaga.
  • [[AK'AKAFUZI]] Okuteekawo akakwate ak'amasasuliro g'obululu:[[FULT:1]] Abatawaayo ssente ze baasasulira mu kiseera kye baategese okulonda, biyinza okukkirizibwa okumala ekiseera kitono.
  • [[Act:0] Okumanyisibwa kwa kawyiro za Gavumenti: Omuntu alina kontulakiti ne gavumenti ey'okutumbula ebintu oba emirimu, oba okutta omulimu gwonna, akkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okubeera mu Paalimenti okutuusa endagaano lw'eba eggiddwawo ddala.
  • [[Act:0] Okumanyisa ebikwata ku kwetaaza kaadi oba layisensi eza gavumenti: Kampuni oba kampuni ezikola ku ndagaano ng'ezo ziriwo singa amateeka tegatongola nteekateeka zinnazo.

Amateeka gano gakakasibwa ekitongole ekikola ku kulonda mu Buyindi era gasobola okujulira mu maaso ga kkooti. gategekebwa okukugira empalana, okukakasa abantu nti empisa zaabwe zirongooka, n’okukakasa nti abantu bateeka obwesige mu nkola y'okulonda.

Ebintu eby’Enjawulo Ebiri mu Abo Abalina Obufumbo

Ng'oggyeko abo abaalondebwa, Raje Sabba alina ebitundu kkumi na bibiri ebyalondebwa Prezidenti wa Buyindi wansi w'Akatundu 80 ak'amateeka. Abo abaalondebwa balondebwa mu bantu abeeyawula ku bantu mu bitabo, mu bya sayansi, mu by'obukugu, ne mu by'enkola. Ebisaanyizo abo abali mu bitundu ebifunze mu Buyindiikibwa obuto baawukana ku:

  • Tebeetaaga kutuukiriza biragiro ebikolebwa abo ababa balondeddwa.
  • Kyokka, balina okutuukiriza ebisaanyizo by’omu mateeka eby’okubeera obutuuze n’emyaka (egya wansi ennyo).
  • Tebateekwa kutongozebwa wansi w’agatundu 102 oba RPA.

Ekiragiro kino kigendererwa okuyingiza mu nkola y'amateeka abagezi n'abantu ab'envuma, okukuba enkaayana ezitumbudde okumanya okw'enjawulo n'obutaba na bya kudda mu nnukuta. Prezidenti akwata ku magezi agaweebwa Olukiiko lw'Abaminisita, era okulonda okwo kukubirizibwa obukwasiro okuva ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa oba okunoonyereza gavumenti ku ssente eziweebwayo.

Okugeraageranya n’Endowooza z’Obuntu Obutuufu

Okutegeera ebigambo Raje Sabba kye bitegeeza, kyangu nnyo bw’obyegeraageranya n’ebyo ebya Lok Sabba.

  • Olubu olwo lutwala emyaka 25 egy'obukulu, naye Rajiya Sabha luweza emyaka 30.
  • [[Act:0][[Act:1] Byonna byetaagisa obutuuze bwa Buyindi.
  • Empandika ey'okulonda eba: Abo abali mu Lok Sabba balondebwa butereevu abantu abakola ku nviromenti ezibafuga; Raje Sabba Sabba balondebwa butereevu na nkuŋŋaana eza gavumenti (oba kampuni za kampuni ez'ebitongole ebikola ku byuma ebikola ku kika kya gavumenti nga zikozesa obululu obwa mu omu) oba nga zivvuunulwa omu ow'ekitongole kya Prezidenti.
  • [[Akawayiro:0] Template:[[FLT] Lok Sabha tenure eri emyaka etaano okuggyako nga ennayo eweddewo; Raje Sabha saw'omu omu ku abo abawummula okuva ku mulimu buli luvannyuma lw'emyaka ebiri (ekigambo eky'emyaka omukaaga ekitegeeza ekitundu ekimu).
  • [[NKULA] Nkola mu mpaka: Addia liteekwa okuba alonda mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga. Raje Sabba, omubatize alina okulondebwa mu ggwanga oba mu kitundu gye balondebwa, era ate yo eteekwa okubeera ebisaanyizo eby'okulonda ebitundu eby'ekibiina kya gavumenti.

Emyaka emingi Raje Sabba gye yalina okuweza giwa ekifaananyi nti abo abali mu kibiina ekyo bajja kussaawo amateeka ag’amagezi, obutebenkevu, n’endowooza ennuŋŋamu.

Enkola ey’okulonda n’okulonda Raje Sabra

Okutuukiriza ebisaanyizo era bikwatagana ne nkola eya kalonda akolebwa abalonde. Abagenda okulonda ebifo, abo abagenda okulonda bateekwa okulonda ekifo ekinaagenderagana n'embeera eziragibwa mu RPA era nga kino kirina okukolebwako ab'ekibiina kya gavumenti emu. Okulonda kukubirizibwa okuyitira mu nkola y'okulonda emu etwalibwa mu ntegeka emu, abo abali ku lukiiko lwe balonda mu kyama. Omuteeso bateekwa okulonda ekifo ekiba kiteekeddwako obulango obululu obw'okulondamu okulonda. Mu kukebera okukakasa, akulira nti omuteesi addayo atuukiriza byonna ebiragiddwa mu nnukuta ez'enjawulo era nga takukkiriza kukolebwako.

Abo abalondebwa basalawo okulayira era ne bafuna ebifo eby'okutongoza ebibye nga ab'oluganda abali ku kakiiko akalondeddwa, era balina okukkirizibwa okukola omulimu gwe gumu nga mw'otwalidde n'okukugira okufuna amagoba. Kyokka, tebateekeddwa kulekera awo kukola n'obumu ku abo abali mu matendekero okuggyako nga bali mu magoba oba nga bali mu nkaaso.

Ekifo ky’Okutakkiriziganya n’Okumalawo

Ensonga eziba zigonjooleddwawo empaka ya Pulezidenti wa Buyindi, agoberera amagezi ga poliisi w'ekitongole ekikola ku nkyukakyuka mu Buyindi wansi w'Akatundu 103 ak'Ekkomera. Singa wajjawo ekibuuzo obanga omuntu atudde ku kawumpulirwa azze okuggibwawo, Prezidenti ayogera ku kakiiko akasalawo. Mu ngeri y'emu, okugoba abagenda okulonda mu kiseera ekyo ku b'okulonda kusinziira ku mukungu azze okugobererwa oba ku Kkomyusa oba ku Kkomyusa Kkooti y'okusalirako omusango.

Ebyo kkooti enkulu bye yasala, bikakasa nti ensala y'amateeka tekyasalirwa musango mu bwenkanya era nti esinziira ku misingi egigobererwa.

Obukulu bw’Okusalawo Obutuufu bw’Endowooza Eya Ddemokulase

Ebisaanyizo Raje Sabba ab'omu kibiina kya demokulase si bye bintu ebikulu ebikolebwa ku bannabyabufuzi, naye era n'ebigendererwa bya demokulase. nga bassaawo emitindo egya waggulu ku myaka, obutuuze, n'ennyimirira mu mateeka, Amateeka gagenderera ab'ennyumba entono babe nga bakadde, abakugu, era n'ab'amatwale agayinza okuwa amateeka amagezi ku ngeri y'okussaawo amateeka. Enteekateeka ezigobererwa zikuuma obusambattuko bw'ebbeebbeebwe, obulyi bw'enguzi, n'okumenya amateeka g'ebyobufuzi, era mu ngeri eyo, abantu bonna babeere nga bakyesize obutebenkevu mu matabi g'amakanisa.

Ate era, okugatta ebitundu ebisiigiddwako enfuge, gamba ng'obusimu, ssaayansi, n'emirimu egikolebwa ku bantu ab'ensi yonna kiganyula palamenti awamu n'obukugu mu by'obufuzi.

fundikira

Okufuuka omu ku b'ebiwandiiko bya Raje Sabba kyetaagisa embeera ezikolebwa mu ngeri ey'amagezi eziyoleka ekifo ekya bulijjo mu lukiiko lwa Buyindi. Okusinziira ku mpuliziganya z'emyaka, obutuuze, n'obuyinza, okusobola okukola enteekateeka ku malala ez'amagoba, n'enkola ez'obulyi bw'enguzi, n'enzikiriza ez'ekika kya bannalukalala, ebisaanyizo ebituukiriza ebisaanyizo okukola enteekateeka ez'okulonda abakungu abalungi n'abesigika. Okutegeera enkalala zino kikulu nnyo eri buli muntu yenna ayagala okuweereza mu nnyumba ey'ebbeeggumiriza, era n'abatuuze b'abo abaagala okuvunaananyamizibwa olw'amagoba. Enteekateeka eno, wadde nga si ntuufu, byakolebwa okumala emyaka mingi era ne byeyongera okulongoolebwa okuyitira mu ku n'okumanyisa obutongole b'ebyumanda mu Buyindiya.

Okumanya ebisingawo, kebera ebijulizi ebya 'GUPU' mu'empandika ya Buyindi', Kino kitegeeza omulimu ogw'okulonda ebisaanyiziddwa mu Buyindi[[[KATANDIKA:3] ebiragiro, ne Legiss okusobola okwekenneenya ebisaanyizo ebya palamenti.