Ekivume eky'okutaano (era kimanyiddwa nga Apuli 1998), ekyasigibwako omukono ku 10 mu Buwandiike bw'obuwanguzi bw'ensi, kye kimu ku ebyo ebyakyusa ennyo emirembe mu kyasa ekya 20. Tekyakoma ku myaka asatu egy'ettemu ery'ekika ekimu naye era kyateekawo enteekateeka ennywevu okukuuma eddembe ly'abantu abatono mu Northern Ireland. Obutafaananako emirembe mingi ewandikiro nti okukomya obukyayi, Endagaano ennungi ey'oku Lwokubiri yazimba ekizimbe eky'enkalakkalira, eky'okwenkanya obuwangwa, era n'okugatta ku buyinza. Ekitundu kino kinnyonnyola engeri endagaano eyo gy'ekuumamu eddembe ly'abatono ennyo, ery'obuwangwa, ery'obuwacu n'ennimi, n'ennombe, n'ensonga lwaki enteekateeka zaayo zikyali nkulu nnyo okusobozesa abantu okumanyiira obulungi n'okwenkanya abantu ab'obutebenkenkenke.

Olulago olw’Okutaano Olulungi

Okusobola okutegeera obulungi eddembe ly'abantu abatono ennyo eryateekebwa ku kaweefube eya Good Lwokubiri Agreement, omuntu alina okusooka okutegeera enjawukana ez'amaanyi ezaaliwo mu Northern Ireland ng'omwaka gwa 1998 tegunnatuuka. Ebizibu (singa 1968-1988) byatta abantu abasukka mu 3,500 mu lutalo olwakubagana n'abapolotesitanti bangi mu Ireland ow'ebukiika kkono era nga baagala Northern Ireland okusigala mu matwale ga United Kingdom, ng'obusosoze obw'amaanyi. Wabula, obusosoze mu ggwanga lyalina obungi obwa Ireland bwalina obumu.

Endagaano eyo yasibuka mu mboozi nnyingi ezaakolebwa gavumenti za Bungereza ne Irland era omutabaganya wa U.S. George Mitchell. Yasabibwa ab'oku mabbali ga nsalo: 71% abavvunsi mu Northern Ireland ate 94% mu Ireland baagikkiriza. Mu bitundu bya Ireland eby'enjawulo, omusingi gwagoolwawo kwe kuwandibwa ekitiibwa [[] nga walina okutwalibwa nti abantu ab'omu bitundu byombi (omunnakaawula n'ab'ab'eggwanga) balina okuyisibwa mu ngeri y'emu era nti tewali na kimu ku ebyo ekiyinza okusinzibwa mu ggwanga. Omusingi guno gulina okugattirwa mu bitundu ebitono.

'Amaanyi-Gy' n'ekigaanyi ky'eby'obufuzi

Okutuukiriza Ebisaanyizo by’Okuyaabira

Ku lunaku olw'okutaano Agurrect yaleetawo olukuŋŋaana olw'okukka wakati mu Northern Ireland era ne kaweefube atuukiriza emitindo gya ddood. Mu kifo kya enkola ey'enkola eya bulijjo esooka n'eby'okuwandika gye bibeera gavumenti, emikono gisembedde okussaawo ebifo ebya kampuni mu ngeri etegeereza empandika nga gikozesa enkola ya d'Hondt. Kino kikakasa nti obutuuti n'obuwangwa obutono obw'omusaawufu busobola okutuula awamu n'obutundu obutono obw'omusaalaba .

Ekiragiro kino kiziyiza abasinga obungi okulonda abantu abategese mu ngeri eya gavumenti okulonda abantu abaabanga bayisiddwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo. Ekikolwa ekyo kyaleetera abantu okubeesaawo obungi mu Northern Ireland mu kiseera kya Stomont (1921-191972) okutuusa ng'abasinga obungi ku baakolera awamu. Era endagaano eyo yatandikawo mu kulonda okw'ekika ekya [[FLT]] mu ntegeka ez'enjawulo ku nsonga enkulu, nga kyetaagisa obungi ku buli bumu n'obuwagizi oba obutunzi obwa waggulu obwa bulijjo okukulembera ebibiina byonna. projectiventi zino ziwagidde abantu abatono abalina obuyinza ku nsonga ezo ezikwata ku n'obusobo.

Okukolera awamu okw’Emiryango Emibiri n’Ebukiika Kkono

Nga bayita ku bufuzi obw'omunda, endagaano eno yatandikawo Olukiiko lw'Abaweereza mu maserengeta mu bukiika kkono, olugatta awamu abaweereza okuva mu Northern Ireland ne mu Ireland okukolagana mu bifo nga okulima, emmotoka, obulamu, n'obuyigirize. Nnyangu nnyo.[1] Akakiiko kano kalina akakwate n'eb'e Ripabhuka n'ebbya zzaabu ne Bungereza, era kassawo olukiiko lw'Abayiri ate ne kamanya nti oluvanyuma lwayo terukontana na musingi.

Ekyo Kye Tulina Kituyamba Okukikuuma

Okwoleka Obulombolombo Ebiri Obukulu

Ekitundu ekitegekeddwa okuba nti bannabyabufuzi ba Bungereza n'Abayiri baakakasa nti kikulu okuwa abantu ekitiibwa, okutegeera n'okugumiikiriza ennimi ez'enjawulo" era nti bajja kubaako kye bakola okutumbula obuwagizi mu nnimi, obuwangwa n'obusika okuva mu ttwale lya Bungereza. Kino kizingiramu okuwagira olulimi olw'ekirwanyi ne Ulster Scot, awamu n'obulombolombo bw'Abakatuliki.

Amawulire g’Olulimi Oluyirisi n’Ekyokulabirako ky’Ennimi

Ekimu ku bintu ebiwakanirwa ennyo ku bukuumi obwa nnambalanga gye mbeera y'olulimi olw'ekirwadde. Aguppenti eya Bungereza yakaka obumalirivu "bumalirivu okuleetawo olulimi olwo era n'okukubiriza "buwagizi". Okumala amakumi g'emyaka, abantu abano abaava mu Ireland nga boogera (nga bavudde ku ggwanga lya bulijjo ate nga si lya ggwanga lya nvuma) baanoonya entebe ya gavumenti, nga bagamba nti okusobola okuwonawo mu mpisa z'obuwangwa. Oluvannyuma lw'okukankanyiza, U-ACRICENTENT and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 20222, akakwakkulembedde ak'ensonga ez'olulimi lwa Ireland, nga kuliko omukungu ow'omu Ireland okulwanirira eddembe ly'ogezi. Kino era kikakasa nti enzikkiriza enzirimu ey'olulimi olw'olulimi olwenfumbo, era nga kituukiriza ekisuubizo eky'olulimi olw'olulimi olw'omulembe.

Embaga z’Eddiini n’Ebikolwa by’Obulaguzi

Endagaano eyo era ekkirizibwa ne ku nkola z'eddiini. Ng'ekyokulabirako, etteeka eryo lyakakasa nti amakanisa gakolerwa ebyetaago bya buli bantu, nga bakuza ennaku ez'eddiini, nga bannaddiini mu malwaliro ne mu makomera, era ne bassa ekitiibwa mu bubonero bw'eddiini mu bifo ebya lukale. Prades Commission[, ekyateekebwawo wansi w'omutemwa gwa Public Processionss (Northern Ireland) Act, ebitebekko nga bikola ebikolobero (emirundi mingi birimu n'enzikiriza ez'enzikiriza ez'amaanyi) okuziyiza okutiisibwa n'okuziyiza obusosoze era n'okukuuma eddembe ly'abantu abatono okufuna obukuubaga w'okwekutu.

Obukuumi mu by’Omu Mateeka ne mu Ntegeka

Olukiiko lw’Eddembe ly’Abantu mu Northern Ireland

Ekivume eky'okutaano Ekkomera kyawa ekiragiro eky'okutandikawo akakiiko akakiikirira eddembe ly'abantu aka Northern Ireland (Kakiiko k'Eddembe ly'Abatuuze) akasobola okulambula n'okutumbula eddembe ly'abantu. Ekiragiro kino kiwandikiro ne kiwa gavumenti obulagirizi ku mateeka n'entegeka z'abantu era ne kisobozesa abantu abatutumufu okutandikawo obwangu obw'eddembe ly'enkalakkalira mu Northern Ireland (ekiragiro kya waggulu). Akakiiko kano kalina omulimu gwa maanyi nnyo erisinga okutegeeza abantu abatono, nga balangirira ebikwata ku bukyayi, obujanjaba, obujanjabi, obujjanjabi bw'obwongo, n'eddembe ly'abatuuze ababunnnyi abagenda mu Northern Ireland.

Omulimu gw’Obusosoze mu Northern Ireland

Ku ludda lwa NiHRC, endagaano eyo yassaawo ekitongole ekikwasisa Equality Commission for Northern Ireland (ECNI) okukomyawo amateeka agenkanankana era n'okuwakanya obusosoze mu by'obufuzi, langi, ekiwayi, obulema, emyaka, n'engeri ey'okwetaba. Akakiiko kano kalina obuyinza okunoonyereza ku byeemulugunya, okububuuza, n'okukola eby'omu mateeka. Okutonda kwakyo kwali kutuukiriza busosoze obw'enkomeredde ku Bakatuliki abatono abatuuze mu kyasa ekya 20, naye nga kati ke kalina okulonda ebibiina byonna ebiwaawula amawanga nga mw'otwalidde n'ekika kya LGT+.

Ebitundu 75 mu kakiiko akakola ku by’obufuzi akayitibwa Northern Ireland Act 1998

Kandala y'enkola y'enkwaso z'abantu ab'entono y'ebitundu 75 ku kakwate aka Northern Ireland Act 1998, akatuukiriza endagaano eno. Kateeka obuvunaanyizibwa mu gavumenti zonna mu Northern Ireland obw'omulembe obwetaagisa okukola ebiruubirirwa eby'enkola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo mu bitundu mwenda, nga mw'otwalidde n'eddiini, endowooza z'eby'obufuzi, n'enkola z'eggwanga. Era kyetaagisa ab'obuyinza okusobola okuleetawo enkolagana ennungi wakati w'abantu ab'enzikiriza ez'enjawulo n'endowooza z'ebyobufuzi. Omulimu guno gukola ku buli kitongole kya gavumenti, kakiiko k'obulamu, n'obutongole, nga buli kibiina kya bantu bannakyewandikibwa, nga buli kimu kituukiriza obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okutumbulaamu obwa buli lunaku. Buli kakwakkuuka kiziyambisibwa mu ngeri y'okuleetawo enfunze ku obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okuleetawo esobola okuganyula abantu ab'ekibiina abatonotono, nga bannakagattiŋŋanamu, nga bakakasa nti gavumenti teyinza okuba nga bawagira mu n'obuvubiinabiina.

Okulingana n’Obusosoze

Omulimu Omulungi n’Emisango Egigwawo

Ekiragiro Fair Work Works ne Treatment (Mu bukiika kkono wa Ireland) Etteeka erikwata ku mulimu era nga lyateekebwawo ku lwakutaano olw'okussaawo etteeka eryali ligaana obusosoze mu by'eddiini. Ekiragiro kyawandiike 1998 eby'okwerinda okusaasaanyiza ebifo ebitakola mirimu gamba ng'okusuza amayumba, eby'enjigiriza, n'ebyo eby'emirimu. Assomero Fair Proce Brigic Tribunal kyateekebwawo mu kifo eky'okwewombeka. Nkuteekako embala w'okuvanyuma kw'okuva mu buteempakaafu w'omulimu.

Tufuna Enkyukakyuka mu Buwanguzi

Ekimu ku bifo ebyasinga okukolebwamu ennyo kyali kya poliisi. Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) yali Muprotestanti mungi nnyo era nga teyeesiganyizidwa nnyo abantu abangi Abakatuliki. Endagaano eyo yaviirako Patten Commission ekubiriza abafuzi bonna okugezaako okutta obutwalirwa, ate nga baalagira abapoliisi b'omu Northern Ireland (PSNI), nga batandikawo enkola y'Abakatuliki eyagobererwa (oluvannyuma eyakolebwa mu ngeri enkyukakyuka), era nga batandikawo obufuzi obwa Poliisi obwabwetongoza obwabwe ku busokereza abantu. Wadde nga okusoomooza okwo kukyaliwo, abakungu b'Abakatuliki abaava mu ggwanga erya waggulu nga 8% mu 1999 okutuuka mu 30% leero, ate ne PSNI nga kati batwalibwa ng'omu ku magye agasinga obungi mu UK.

Okusula mu Nsi Embi n’Okukolagana n’Abantu

Era endagaano eyo yanyweza omulimu gw'ekitongole ekifuga emirimu mu Northern Ireland House Administration (NIHE), ekyakolebwa mu 1971 okukomya ekitongole ekigaba amayumba agafuga eddembe ly'obuntu ekyaleetera ekitongole kya gavumenti okuteekawo enzikkiriza okufunira abantu eddembe lya bantu. Ekiragiro kino kissaawo amayumba mu kutuukiriza byetaago by'abantu, era akakiiko 75 kakakasa nti abantu ab'ebika ebitono ebibalimu, n'abakazi abaddukanya amakoseteefu, n'abantu abaliko obulemu tebalina buzibu bwonna. Programme enziganya etuulamu n'enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu ku ku bikwata ku kufuna ssente n'okufuniramu n'okukolagana wakati wakati w'abantu ab'obumu, bikakasa nti obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okuzimba obufumbo obw'okuzimba envanyumalanga tebw'abantu ab'ebika eby'ebika bya bulijjo. programmenti ezibaawumbaano eby'ebika bya banna n'ebitongole eby'ebikaawukaawuka bya banna n'ebinna by'oku

Okukolera ku Kiragiro Ekiba Kikoleddwa ku Butono bw’Ekyokulabirako Ekirungi ku Lwokutaano

Okuddamu Okufuna Ettemu n’Obukyayi mu Bibiina

Ekintu ekisingirayo ddala okuleetawo obukulembedde kwe kukendeeza ennyo ku by'obufuzi. Wadde ng'abakulembeze b'amagye bakendedde ku kigero ekiwerako, omuwendo gw'abafu abaafa gwali guva ku 400 buli mwaka mu matandika ga 1970 ne gufuuka muwendo gumu oluvannyuma lw'endagaano. Wadde nga kyali tekitweraliikiriza nnyo, abantu abatono, bannaggwanga mu bitundu by'Abaprotestanti oba abatuuze b'Abakatuliki mu bitundu bino, basobodde okwenyigira mu bulamu obwabwe bwonna. Era baakkiriza abasibe abawaawe abali mu magye abaawe abaawerebwa mu by'obufuzi okuteewaŋŋana, ekintu ekyaviirako okulekera awo okuba n'emirembe.

Enkolagana n’Okuyogera ku Bifaananyi by’Abantu

Endagaano yatandikawo okuwonya okuyitira mu kifo ekimu oba okunyumya. Ekiragiro kyakomezebwa okusemba ebiwandikiro ebitegeke ebitegeke ebigattidwa ebitegeke. Okukolagana ku bufunze kwanywezebwa okusobozesa okutandikawo enzigi z'enkola za musalaalamu wakati wa muwaawanya-communice, era obutongole Office obwa Mminisita eyasooka ne omumyuka w'Ow'Ow'Ow'Ow'Ow'Okusooka bukulembedde obutegekebwa: Okuzimba Enteekateeka ez'Ekika kya United Nations. Bino bikompeerezza okutegeera n'okukolagana wakati w'obulombolombo obubiri obukulu, nga n'abava mu Buvanjubanyunzi abapya nga Buvanjuba mu Buvanjuba bwa Asiya, ebiwanjubalira awamu n'obutundu bw'obutundutundu obulala. Mu Belfast, okuteekawo ekitongole ekitegekedwa ekitegekebwa [FFO ekitegekedwa ekibanyinyinyinyinyinyi ekibanyinyinyinyi

Ebiwandiiko by’Eddembe Ebitannaggibwawo

Emu ku bisuubizo ebitatuukirira ku ndagaano ey'Okugonda ku Lwokubiri kwe [[NKULULA]. Ekiragiro kino kiwa ekirango eky'eddembe ly'abantu ekisukka ku ndagaano y'enkizo ez'envuma mu Bulaaya eza Northern Ireland ekitegeeza nti ‘ banditaddewo emisingi egikwata ku kussa ekitiibwa mu bantu bonna mu mateeka era n'okutuusibwako ekitiibwa. ’ Ekirango kino enfunda n'enfunda kiwandikiddwa nti etteeka lyandibadde kisukka ku ndagaano ekiwandiiko ekigobererwa eddembe ly'obuntu okuwandikirwa olumu enfuga olulimi, obuwangwa oba eddembe ly'ebyenfuna. Kyokka, obutakkaawukaanya ku nsonga gamba ng'okuva mu bufumbo, okuba n'okugatta ebiwandikiro, era n'ennamba ey'enkola ya Kitongole ekitono kyesigalidde ku ddembe ly'obw'obuntu obutuufu, era nga yennyini obutuufu bw'obw'eby'eby’ebyobufuzi ebiyiyiyiiriiriiriiri mu 1998.

Ebizibu Ebigenda Biddawo

Wadde nga biwangudde, ebiwandiiko ebigobererwa eby'entegeka entono ebibadde bigonjooleddwa ku lwakutaano tekigonjoodde bizibu byonna. Okusosola okw'ekika ekimu mu mayumba ne mu by'enjigiriza kusigala nga kwa waggulu. N'abaana 90 ku buli kikumi basomera mu matendekero ag'eddiini. Okukyawa obukyayi naddala obutundu bw'abantu ab'enjawukana mu mawanga amatono n'abantu abangi abangi abangi abangi, byeyongera. Obusika bw'entalo (g. g.....t., obukyayinjabi obuva mu magyengo ga Bree, buleetera okubuusabuusa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebireetebwawo mu ggwanga n'entegeka ez'obutuuze, nga byeyongera okugabanaawula ebiva ku n'enkola y'enkola ya ggwanga.

fundikira

Ekiragiro kino kyateekawo enkola ey'okufuga obubiina obw'enkalakkalira ku lwakutaano nga kifuga en'ebitundu ebitono mu Northern Ireland. Ekitongole ekyo kyateekawo enteekateeka ez'amaanyi ezisobozesa abapoliisi okusosola bannaabwe mu mawanga, era ne kiwa eddoboozi abo abaawerebwa okumala emyaka mingi. Wadde nga tekyali kituukiridde, okukkirizibwa kw'enkaayanaanya okw'enkaanyi en'ennimi ezo.[1] Enkolagana eyo esobola okubeera en'enjereere ku ngeri gye zikolaganamu n'enkaayanjo ezikwata ku lulimi, akakwakkula kalina. Mu Northern Ireland gye kasobozesa obusokenkenke, okumanyisa obulungi obwakkuufukusirwa ku lwakutaano, okuwezaamu, n'okussa ekitiibwa mu bungi bw'enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo ezisinga okukakasa nti eddembe ly'abantu bonna k'ennombo zigobeenkanankanankana.

Okusobola okusoma ebisingawo, laba Ofiisi ekulembera ekirango eky'oku Lwokutaano Ekirungi, akakiiko akakwata ku ddembe ly'abantu mu bukiika kkono bwa Ireland, n'aka [[FLT:] Akakiiko aka Bukiika obwa kkono akalaga obusokefu obwa Ireland[FLT].]