Ensibuko y’Obuyinza n’Okukolera Awamu

Mu kunoonyereza ku bulamu n'okufuga, enjawukana ntono nnyo ezikola ku maanyi n'obuyinza. Okusinziira ku nkola ezikolebwa ku bayizi, ssaayansi, enkula y'ensi, entegeka, n'enjigiriza z'amateeka, bye biwandiikiddwa mu kunoonyereza ku bulamu obwa bulijjo. Wabula ebigambo bino biwagirwa nnyo mu kwogera okwa bulijjo. Abasomesa, abayizi, n'abatuuze, bategeera we bikoma n'obuyinza we bitandikira, si ngeri abantu gye bategeeramu obukugunja; era n'engeri abantu gye bannyonnyolamu ebikolwa bya gavumenti, ebisoomooza ebitongole, era n'okwenyigira mu nkola za demokulase. Ekitundu kino kiwa obulagirizi obwangu obw'enkuŋŋamirako, n'okubuuka mu bifo byabwe, n'ebikwata ku nsi mu mbeera za gavumenti.

Okunokolayo Amaanyi mu Nsengeka za Kibiina

Amaanyi, ku mutendera gwago ogusinga obukulu, bwe busobozi obw'okukyusa oba okufuga empisa z'abalala, wadde nga batayagala. Kye kibiina ekitawagira bya bufuzi. "" si kirungi oba kibi, wabula kwennyonnyola ku maanyi agava ku ndabika. Mu bantu, amaanyi gakola mu ngeri nnyingi era ne gayoleka mu ngeri ezirabika n'ebitalabika. Omuyigiriza w'ebyobufuzi Steven Lukas yannyonnyola n'enkyukakyuka essatu eza maanyi: okulonda obusobozi bw'okubumba ebiba bikosebwa (obusobozi bw'okuteekateeka engeri y'enkula y'ebifaananyirizo), engeri ez'okumanyisaawo (obusobozi bw'okumanyisa ebizikwatako), n'okumanyisa oba eby'okukwata ku ngeri abantu gye batwala ng'enkola eyo nga bagoberera enkola zaabwe. Okutegeera ensonga zino ku bantu bwetaatwalibwa mu kifo kyabwe.

Ensibuko y’Amaanyi mu Bitundu

Ekintu eky’enjawulo ekisangibwa mu bitabo by’abantu abanoonyereza ku mbeera z’abantu John Omufalansa ne Bertram Raven, kye kisobozesezza abantu okufuna ensulo ttaano ez’enjawulo:

  • [[AGUMENTI:0] Amaanyi ag'enkola[ gabeera ku busobozi obw'okuteekawo ebibonerezo, ebibonerezo, oba amaanyi amalala. Mu bulamu bw'abantu, kino kyeyolekera mu buyinza bwa gavumenti ku ttemu erya nnannyini limu, “‘ ab'obuyinza obufuga, ab'amagye, n'obusobozi bw'okubonereza.
  • [[Akabonero:0] O] buyinza obuva mu busobozi obw'okugaba ebintu eby'omuwendo gamba ng'emirimu, endagaano, okusiiga omusolo, oba okumanyibwa kwa bantu bonna. Ebibiina eby'omuwawaayibwa bitera kuteekamu amaanyi agayinza okusobozesa enkola zonna ez'okufuga.
  • [[NKUMBO:0] Amaanyi aga bulijjo[[[FULT:1] gava mu kifo oba ekifo ekya bulijjo mu kibiina. Ekipande kino kikolagana bulungi n'obuyinza nga bwe tujja okukebera wansi, naye mu byamaanyi kikiikirira eddembe erigendera ku kifo ekimu.
  • Amaanyi [[AK'OMUKIRAGIRO][[Akawayiro:1] gava mu kumanya okw'enjawulo, obukugu, oba obumanyirivu. Bannasayansi, abasuubuzi, n'abayivu mu bya bufuzi bakozesa amaanyi amakyusa ebiba bisaliddwawo mu kussaawo amateeka oba endowooza zaabwe.
  • Amaanyi [[AK'OMUKITO][[AK:1] gava mu kukolera ku bintu ebikolebwa ku bantu kinnoomu gamba ng'okusikirizibwa oba okumanyibwa. Abakugunja bannakyewa, abatumbula, n'abalina omuwendo abawagizi mu lujjudde balaga obuyinza bwe bawagira abagoberezi awatali kifo kyonna eky'omu mateeka.

meeya w'ekibuga alina obuyinza ku kampani ezikola ku konta, era nga yeeyambisa obuyinza obuyinza obuyinza obuyinza singa agoberera enkola eyo. Okutegeera nti waliwo enkola eya bulijjo mu bifo ebyo kikulu nnyo okusobola okwekenneenya amaanyi g'ensi mu kitundu.

Okutegeera Obuyinza ng’Obwa nnannyini

Obuyinza kye kimbo eky'obuyinza ekyetaagisibwa ku kintu kimu ekikulu ennyo: obwenkanya. Bwe tugamba nti omuntu "alina obuyinza," tuba tetutegeeza nti asobola okuwaliriza obuwulize kyokka naye era nti batwalibwa ng'abalina obwannannyini okukikola. Endowooza eno ey'obutuufu ekyusa obuyinza obukkirizibwa mu bantu ne bufuuka engeri y'obuyinza obukkirizibwa mu bantu, era y'eyawula omufuzi okuva ku musala w'amateeka, omulamuzi okuva ku mukessi, omupoliisi okuva ku kibinja ky'abamenyi b'enkola. Munnassaayansi Max Weber yateekawo ekifo eky'obutuufu eky'obufuzi ekyasibuka ku nkola ya bya bufuzi.

Ebika by'Obuyinza Ebisatu eby'Omusenyu

  • [ ab'obuyinza mu byafaayo bagoberera enzikiriza eyatandikibwawo mu butukuvu bw'obulombolombo obusookerwako era n'enkola ey'abo abasikira obuyinza okuyitira mu bulombolombo buno. Abafuzi, abakulu b'ebika, n'abaami b'eddiini abamu beeyambika obuyinza bwabwe okuva ku ebyo ebibaddewo mu mirembe egyayita. Mu bifo ebya bulijjo, ab'obuyinza ab'obuyinza beeyoleka mu makanisa agasinga obusika (g. Blaati, ennyumba za Bakabaka bannannyini ez'omu Bungereza) oba ebifo eby'omu mikolo nga bannaalyoka.
  • ab'obuyinza mu by'obufuzi[[FULT:1] baava mu ngeri ez'enjawulo ez'omuntu kinnoomu."Reheroism, obutukuvu, amaanyi agayuka oba okwolesebwa okw'enjawulo. Mu byafaayo, ennamba nga Martin Luther King Jr., Mahtma Gandhi, ne Franklin D. Roosevelt baafuga mu ngeri ey'ekyamagero ekyasinga ebifo byabwe ebya bulijjo. Kyokka, Weber yagamba nti obuyinza obw'ekikomo tebulina kye bufuga kubanga bwesigamye ku buwanguzi n'obubonerowo obwa magisito; omukulembeze bw'afa oba bw'alemererwa, obuyinza buteekwa okufuulibwa "bukulungirizibwa" mu kibiina.
  • [[NKULULA]] Ab'obuyinza mu ntegeka be baggumizibwa mu nkola y'amateeka, enkola, n'amateeka agakola mu ngeri y'emu eri buli muntu mu bantu. Eno y'engeri y'obuyinza obusinga obukulu mu nkola za demokulase ne mu butongole obwa bulijjo. Amaanyi tegakozesebwa ku oyo akozesa obukiiko obwa bulijjo naye ku lwa ofiisi yennyini n'olw'amateeka agannyonnyola amaanyi gaabwo. Abatuuze bagondera omukungu w'ebiddukanyi bya gavumenti olw'okutya oba olw'obwesigwa naye lwa kuba bakkiriza obutuufu bw'amateeka agakkiriza omukungu okukulembera ebiddukanyabiina byayo.

Enjawulo Enkulu Wakati w’Amaanyi n’Obuyinza

Okutegeera ensonga ezo kiyamba abantu okufuna ebintu bye beetaaga okusobola okumanya obanga ebyo gavumenti bye zigamba oba bye zikola bituufu.

Ensibuko y’Okwawula Omuduumizi

Enjawulo enkulu eri mu kussaawo awatali kuteekebwawo kw'amateeka. Omuntu okuba n'obuyinza kitwaliramu okulonda ennamba. Wabula obuyinza obukkirizibwa mu bantu okuyitira mu mateeka, obulombolombo, oba okukkirizibwa okumanyibwa abantu. Amaanyi, okwawukana ku go gayinza okubaawo awatali kukkirizibwa. Omuntu omugagga awaayo ssente mu bya bufuzi ayinza okubaako kaweefube ow'amaanyi mangi nnyo ku mateeka naye nga takkirizibwa mu mateeka. Kino tekitegeeza nti amaanyi g'oyo agabawa obuyambi tegakkirizibwa mu mpisa za muntu wabula kitegeeza nti gava mu bintu by'omulembe.

Okuteekateeka era n'Okuzimba Ebizimbe

Obuyinza buteekebwa mu nkola ezikwatagana n'enkola z'amateeka. Ekiragiro, amateeka, amateeka, n'ennyinnyonnyola z'emirimu bireetawo enyinza ezeetaagisa okusobola okumanya ani alina obuyinza ku nsonga zonna era ne mu mbeera ki. Amaanyi genkana wa. Omuntu okugafuula amazzi mangi nnyo. Enteekateeka ez'enjawulo, enkolagana ennungi n'abantu, okupikirizibwa mu by'enfuna, n'ebitongole by'ensimbi byonna bireeta amaanyi agakolera ku bweru w'emikutu gya ngoberera enkola. Omuntu omuto ayinza okukozesa amaanyi ag'enkola ng'afuna obubaka oba enkolagana naye, wadde ng'obuyinza bwe butono.

Obutebenkevu n’Obuwanvu bw’Ebiseera by’Okuweeramu

Obuyinza bunywevu okusinga obuyinza kubanga buba buteekeddwa mu matendekero agasinga ku ga bannakyewa. Obukulembeze bwa Amerika bubadde bwa maanyi nnyo okumala ebyasa ebisukka mu bibiri, ka kibe baani ababuyingira. Amaanyi, naddala singa geesigamye ku nkolagana z'abantu oba eby'obugagga, gayimirizibwa mangu.

Abavunaanyizibwa n’Abayigirizibwa

Ab'obuyinza balina enkola ezisobozesa abakungu okuwozawo ku nsonga. Abalamuzi batunuulira okulonda, abalamuzi era n'abalamuzi abakola nga bagoberera ebiragiro. Amaanyi naddala bwe gakozesebwa embagirawo, galemererwa okubaamu okupikirizibwa. Omukutu ogw'empuliziganya bwe gubaako kye gukola ku ndowooza y'abantu okuyitira mu kusaasaanya amawulire, era nga gulina okuba nga gulina okuvunaanyizibwa kwa maanyi mangi. Okutegeera empaka zino wakati w'obuyinza obwa bulijjo n'amaanyi amatuufu, kyetaagisa abantu okusoma.

Bannampala n’Abafuzi mu Bufuzi bwa Demokulase

Demokulase yasimba omusingi ogugamba nti obuyinza bulina okuweebwa okuyitira mu kulonda mu ngeri ey'eddembe era ey'obwenkanya, nga n'obuyinza bugabanyizibwa mu bibiina bingi okuziyiza omuzannyi omu okufuga. Wadde kiri kityo, enkolagana wakati w'obuyinza n'obuyinza eba nnyangu era ereetebwawo.

Obukuubagano Wakati w’Abafuzi n’Abataalondebwa

Ekimu ku bizibu ebireetebwawo obufuzi obwa kaakati kwe kukakanya wakati w'abakungu abalondeddwa n'obuyinza bwa bannabyabufuzi. Abalamuzi, abalamuzi, abakungu ba banka, n'abakungu ba ba banka, n'abakwasisa emirimu, era n'abakwasisa emirimu batera okuba n'obuyinza obw'amaanyi mu kusalawo, kyokka tebavunaanyizibwa butereevu eri abo abakuba akalulu. Mu kiseera kino, ebibiina ebyeyambisibwa ennyo, abawagizi ba ka kampuni, n'abagagga abawagizi ba buyinza obukontana n'obuddukirizi abalondeddwa.

Ab’Obuyinza Bwe Bafuuka n’Amaanyi: Okukozesa Obubi Ofiisi

Olw'okuba ab'obuyinza beeyisa mu ngeri ey'obwenkanya, abo abagezaako buli kiseera okugezaako okutuuka ku kigero ekisukka ekkomo lyakyo ekituufu. Abatuuze bakozesa bubi obuyinza bwabwe bwe bakozesa ekifo kyabwe mu ngeri ezitakkirizibwa mu mateeka oba mu ngeri ezikugirwa abantu. Ebyokulabirako biva ku bantu aba bulijjo ababa bakonjeddwa obululu n'enguzi. N'olwekyo, abatuuze balina okubeera obulindaala, nga bakuuma oba nga ab'obuyinza bakolera mu bifo byabwe ebyewaanyisifu oba nga bakozesa ekifo kyabwe eky'okweyongera okufuna obuyinza obwa waggulu.

Amaanyi n’Obuyinza mu Kwenyigira mu Bubi

Eri abantu kinnoomu era n’abantu ababeera mu bifo ebibeeramu abaagala okukola enjawulo mu bulamu, okutegeera enjawulo eriwo wakati w'obuyinza n'obuyinza tekiba kyetaagisa kunoonya bumanya buyinza n'amaanyi.

Omulimu gw’Okuzimba Amaanyi Agali mu Kugukozesa Amagi

Ebyafaayo biraga nti ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’abantu, n'ebibiina by'abakozi, n’embeera y’obudde biraga engeri abantu gye bayinza okukyusa endowooza zaabwe, okupikirizibwa, n’enkyukakyuka mu ngeri gye bagobereramu enkola zaabwe.

  • [[Act:0]]Amaanyi aga'omu nayiti[[[KATANDIKWA:1]]] “‘ K'okuba n'obusobozi bw'okukwata ensonga mu ngeri etuukana n'enkyukakyuka eziba zikkiriziddwa abantu bangi era n'okusoomooza endowooza ez'obukalu
  • [[Act:0] Amaanyi ag'ekika kya [[[Act:1]]] “‘ Kkoyiro ez'amaanyi bwe zibeera nga zigattidwa mu biruubirirwa eby'enjawulo
  • [[[:0] Amaanyi agafuga enfuga [][1] “‘ obusobozi bw'okuyimiriza emirimu egikolebwa mu ngeri ey'okwekalakaasa oba okukuba ebibamba, oba okuwaliriza ebikolebwako nga wazzewo akakwate
  • [[Akabonero:0] Amaanyi agatali gamu[]][1] “‘ K'okuba nti abo ababa bazzeeko babayamba basobola okuwa empeera era n'okubonereza ababa babanyi

Ebibiina ebikubiriza obusimu bitera okutandikira ku bunafu butono naye nga biyongera okufuna obuyinza, era nga bivvuunula obuyinza obwo ne bibuteeka mu nkola y’amateeka, nga biwangula, oba nga biwangula okulondebwa.

Okukozesa Obuyinza mu Bulungi

Abo abalina ebifo eby'obuyinza baateekawo abakungu, abalamuzi, abafuzi, ab'obukiiko bw'essomero, abakulu ba poliisi, n'abakulu ba poliisi. Ab'obuyinza awatali magezi oba okukugira beetaagira ddala mu nkola ya nnakyemalira. Ab'obuyinza ab'obuvunaanyizibwa beetaagira:

  • [[Act:0] Eractive [ ku bikwata ku kukola mitendera n'ensonga eziva mu kusalawo
  • [[Akawayiro:0]] Obwa nnalanyirizo[[[NKUMBO:1]] okuyitira mu kuwa lipoota eya bulijjo, obulabirizi obwa kyetwala, n'okugooleka ku buli ekiba kiragiddwa
  • [[Act:0][[Akawayiro:1]] Kaleetera omuntu obutategeera bitali bimu ku ebyo by'amanyi oba obutategeera bisinga kutuufu
  • [[Act:0]MENTIRAGIRIZA okutuukirira [[[NKUMBO:1]], nga kikakasa nti amateeka gagobererwa bulijjo era nti n'ebigakongo ebikwatibwako bifuna omukisa okuwulirwa

Programu z’obuyigirize ezirimu emisingi gino ezissa essira ku kuyamba abayizi obutakoma ku kunoonya ddembe lyabwe ery’okwesalirawo kyokka, naye era n’okukwata obuyinza bwe baba bafunye oluvannyuma ng’abakulembeze.

Ssasoosa ebizingirwamu mu tterekero erya bulijjo

Ebyokulabirako bino wammanga biraga engeri obuyinza gye bukolaganamu n’embeera ezitali zimu.

Kasasi 1: Ekikulu mu Ssomero era ne mu Kibiina ky’Abasomesa

Omukulu wa siniya akulira ebitongole ebifuga emirimu gy'amasomero nga mw'otwalidde n'obuyinza obw'okussaawo olukalala lw'ebintu, okutegeka n'okukwasisa enkola ezigobererwa. Kyokka, okwetaba kw'abasomesa kulina amaanyi ag'amaanyi okuyitira mu bigendererwa ebitegekebwa wamu, obusobozi bw'okuwandiika ebyamasa oba obumu bw'ab'omu kibiina. Obukulembeze obusinga obukulu buziyizibwa olw'obuyinza bw'obukiiko, era obusobola bulungi okukolagana, era bw'obwetaagisa okukyuka n'okussa ekitiibwa mu kifo eky'obukulembeze eky'omu mateeka. Omukulu akozesa obuyinza bwabwe mu bujjuvu ajja kutuukana mangu n'okuvuganya era n'obuwagizigibwa.

Omusango 2: Gavumenti y’Omu Kitundu n’Abantu

Mu bibuga bingi, kampuni z'omuliraano n'ebibiina by'abantu birina obuyinza obusinga obuyinza bwabyo obwa bulijjo. Omuntu bw'ateekateeka obulungi ekitongole ky'ekibuga asobola okuziyiza omulimu ogw'okukulaakulanya ebizimbe, okugoberera ebikolerwamu ssente mu kifo eky'okuddaabiriza akawunta, oba okukaka kakiiko akawagizi ak'ekibuga okukyusa amateeka. Amaanyi ge gava ku kumanya ensonga ez'omu kitundu, enkolagana gye balina n'abakozi b'ebitongole eby'okunnamawulire, n'obusobozi bw'okulonda. Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina obuyinza okusalawo ku nsonga ez'oluvannyuma, naye ekibiina ky'ekiwandikiro kisobola okugo bye kasalawo nga tebannafuna akalulu.

Ensonga 3: Okuwagira Kampuni mu Kaweefube

Oluvannyuma lw'okusalawo kwa kkooti enkulu mu Citizens mu United v. FEC (2010), amakolero n'abagagga abawaddeyo ssente ne bawa abawi b'obuyinza mu by'obufuzi okuyitira mu ba PCs. Okusala kuno tekwawa bannabyabufuzi buyinza bwonna ku bufuzi; tebasobola kulonda oba kukwata. Kyokka, amaanyi ge bakozesa nga bakuba kampeyini, ebbeeyi za gavumenti, oba ebikolerwako. Kino kiraga bulungi nti obuyinza obwa bulijjo n'amaanyi gennyini gayinza okubugya mu nsi ya demokulasenti ne mu kusinziira ku nkola ya demokulasenti.

Olupapula: Ensonga Lwaki Waliwo Enjawulo Mu ngeri Ennyo

Enjawulo eri wakati w'obuyinza n'obuyinza si nsonga nnyangu, naye abantu basobola okutegeera ani afuga, engeri gye basalawo mu ngeri, era n'engeri gye bavunaanyizibwa mu bulimba. Mu nkola ya demokulase, obuyinza bukkirizibwa okuweebwa abantu era nga bukakasibwa amateeka, ate obuyinza butwalibwa okuba nga busangibwa mu bitundu bingi okusobola okuziyiza nnaakyemalira. Kyokka, amaanyi gabeera mu nsonda ezitali zimu: amaanyi gabeera mu nsonda ezitali ntuufu, era n'obuyinza busobola okukozesebwa mu ngeri etategeerekeka.

Abasomesa bwe bayigiriza abaana okwawukana mu ngeri eno, kibayamba okuvumirira ebintu eby'obufuzi n'okukola ennyo mu bulamu bwabwe. Abayizi abasobola okumanya ensibuko y'obuyinza obufuga, okumanya enjawulo eriwo wakati w'obuyinza obwa bulijjo n'amaanyi ag'ensolo, era n'okumanya engeri enkola ey'okusiigibwamu ensigo gye zizimbamu amaanyi okuva ku ttaka, gye kibanguyira okukola omulimu gwa demokulase.

Mu nkomerero, obuyinza n'obuyinza tebirina mugaso gwonna. biba bya kukozesa, era nga bisinziira ku ani abikola, ku kigendererwa ki, era n'ekizitoowereddwa ki.

Okusobola okusoma ebisingawo, genda ku Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy's ekikkirizibwa ku mubaka gwa bya bufuzi, Oxford Handbook of Political Theory's Certing of amaanyi n'obuyinza[[, era n'empandika eza bulijjo LY'OKUSOOKA], endowooza eri ku Steven Lukkas. Okugatta ku ekyo, kkooti z'eby'enjigiriza ziwanjula amateeka okuwa awatali buzibusibwa mu nsonga ez'amateeka.