Ntandika Okufugibwa Gavumenti y’Amerika

Gavumenti ya Amerika egoberera enkola eya puligaano okugabanga obuyinza era n'okukugira ekintu kyonna okubufuga. Abayizi, abasomesa, n'abatuuze, bategeera bulungi engeri eno gy'esobozesamu abantu okusoma n'okusoma. Gavumenti si nteekateeka emu ey'obwannannyini naye y'amatabi ag'enjawulo, emitendera, n'obuvunaanyizibwa obulala obusobozesa o demokulase okubeera n'enkola eya demokulase. Gavumenti eno esobozesa okutegeka obulungi, okuva ku matabi ga gavumenti essatu ag'ensi okutuuka ku nkola ya gavumenti z'ensi, era ennyonnyola emisingi egya waggulu egisobozesa enteekateeka eno okutegekebwa mu ngeri etuukagana.

Amatabi Gasatu ga Gavumenti Ekola Obukungu

Ekiragiro kyawula gavumenti mu matabi asatu ag'ebweru: Etteeka, ekifuga oba ekitongole. Buli ttabi liba litegeeza obuyinza n'emirimu, era litegekeddwa okulaba obanga kirimu kye giteerekeddwawo. Okwawula obufuzi buno kye kigambo eky'okufuga Amerika.

Ettabi ly’Abalagizi: Abaateekawo Amateeka

Olukiiko olukulu olw'Essaza, olwateekebwawo mu Katundu I ak'Etteeka, lukolamu amateeka ga gavumenti. Kano kategekebwa Olukiiko Olukulu olw'Ababaka era n'Ennyumba y'Abakiikirira.

Olukiiko Olukulu

Olukiiko olukulu lulina ebitundu 100.[1] Olukiiko luno lutuukiriza ebigambo ebya buli mwaka ebyamala emyaka mukaaga. Ekiragiro kino kikakasa nti ebitongole bye bimu ebibeeramu kaakati ka bantu bonna. Mu kusooka amasimu gaalondebwanga sistemu za gavumenti naye nga baalondebwa butereevu okuva ku mutemwa gwa 17 mu 1913. Olukiiko luno lulina amaanyi ag'enjawulo nga mwe muli n'okuvwooleraamu endagaano (okusobola okulonda ebibiri emirundi essatu) era ne kyongera okukakasa nti pulezidenti alondebwa nga bannannyini bannaawundikita, abalamuzi, n'ababaka baawere. Omukulembeze w'ekibiina aweerereza ye kennyini aweereza nga Prezidenti wa Kompyutipo n'obuvuzi, obululuza akasibeekira akasiikiriza.

Ennyumba y’Ababaka

Ennyumba y'ababaka era nga erimu abalonde 435, nga buli bamu ku buli bantu ba gavumenti batwala obubanzi bwa gavumenti okuba nga basinziira ku kubalibwa kw'abala abantu okwamalanga emyaka ebiri. Ababaka bawandiisa ebiwandiiko bya myaka ebiri, nga basobozesa ennyumba okukkiriza obutereevu okulondebwa. Ssente zonna ezisaasaanyizibwa ziteekwa okusibuka mu Nnyumba. Ennyumba era erina obuyinza ku buli mukungu w'eggwanga nga mw'otwalidde ne Pulezidenti, nga mwe muli akalulu akasinga obungi. Speesaawo w'amaka, yalondebwa ekibiina ekisinga obunene, ye mukulembeze era y'akulira akakiiko akafuga.

Obukiiko obwo bwonna bwombi buteekwa okuteekawo amateeka ge gamu nga bugenda kusindikibwa mu maaso ga Pulezidenti. Akakiiko kalina okuba nga ke kavunaanyizibwa ku nkola y'okussaawo etteeka erikwata ku by'amateeka, gye bakuba ebisale by'amateeka, gye bakubaganye ebirowoozo, ne gye baddaabiriza nga tebannateekateeka bulungi nnyumba.

Ettabi ly’Omukungu Afuga Omwesigwa: Abakkiriza Obulagirizi

ettabi ly'omukulu, erinnyonnyoddwa mu katundu II, lye livunaanyizibwa ku kukakasa nti amateeka agaayisibwa Congress. Likulemberwa Prezidenti, akola ng'omutwe gwa gavumenti era omutwe gwa gavumenti. Prezida alondebwa buli luvannyuma lw'emyaka ena okusinziira ku nkola ya Electoral College era liteekebwa ku bigambo bibiri okusinziira ku kkulongo gwa 22 Amereka.

Pulezidenti era Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti

Prezidenti alina obuyinza obugazi nga mw'otwalidde okulagira amagye, okusonyiwa, okuteesa (n'amagezi n'okusemba) era n'okuteekawo abakungu ba gavumenti. era Pulezidenti awa State of Union koodi era ayinza okuwa amateeka. Mukulembeze w'eggwanga, alondeddwa ku butikiti y'emu, awagira Prezidenti era mwetegefu okufuna nnannyini lukiiko bwe kiba nga kyetaagisa. era Prezida w'essaza afuga ekkaalu nga bwe kyayogeddwako waggulu.

Ebitongole Ebya Kakiiko Akakulu n’Ebitongole Ebikwata ku Kibiina

Kabineti erimu emitwe gy'ebitongole 15 ebikola ku bukulembeze, gamba nga Department of State, Treasurer, Justice, and Education. Bakompyuta bano balondebwa Pulezidenti era ne bakakasibwa Sespital. Bakubiriza Pulezidenti era ne balabirira ebitongole byabwe. Okugatta ku ekyo, gavumenti ennene((16) mwe muli n'ebitongole ebikola ku butebenkenkenyi nga Environmental Protection Agementagement (EPA), Federal Reserverace, ne National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NA) nga bategeeza omukulembeze w'omulimu gwa gavumenti ogw'olunaku olumu. era n'ebiragiro ebiwagirwa mu kkooti z'eggwanga zikkiriza omukulembeze w'eggwanga okukulembera abafuzi mu buyinza bwa gavumenti okufuga emirimu gya gavumenti.

Obukulembeze

Prezidenti bw'afa, n'alekerawo, oba bw'aggibwawo, Pulezidenti Omukulembeze afuuka Pulezidenti. Act eya Prezidenti ennono efuga ekifo ekya Prezidenti mu 1947 eteekawo ebiragiro oluvannyuma lwa Prezidenti Omukulu: Owa Ssemite mu Nnyumba, omuteesiteesi w'olukiiko lw'olukiiko, era n'alyoka awandiika baakakpaandi ba ka ka ka kaktenyini okutegeka ebitongole ebikola.

Ettabi Erisalira Abalamuzi Omusango: Abali mu Bitundu Ebisinga Obutono

ettabi erikola ku nsonga eteeka amateeka mu Katundu III, linnyonnyola amateeka era ne likakasa nti gakwatagana n'amateeka. Kkooti ezifuga fuga zisobola okwejjukanya, nga kitegeeza nti zisobola okukuba amateeka oba ebikolwa ebimenya amateeka. Amaanyi gano ganywezebwa mu namba 1803 [[FL:0] Marbury v. Madison

Kkooti Esingayo Obukulu

Kkooti enkulu ye kkooti esingayo obukulu mu nsi. Kano kaliko akalamuzi mwenda.=Olwomboozi Lukulu ne Balamuzi munaana abassawo obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okulonda abantu mu bulamu bwabwe (nga bagoberera empisa ennungi). Kkooti etongozeddwa omukulembeze era ewagirwa kkooti entono. Kkooti ejulirwa mu kkooti era y'edda ddaala mu mateeka agakwata eby'ebitongole oba abakungu ba gavumenti. Buli mwaka, Kkooti elonda emisango nga 10050 mu nkumi na nkumi. Ebyo ebisalibwa kkooti eyo bikosebwa era ne byakulabirako eri eggwanga lyonna.

Kooti Ezikola ku Bufumbo

Wansi wa kkooti enkulu waliwo kkooti z'e Bujulirwa (13) ne kkooti za Disiturikiti nga 94. kkooti za disiturikiti ze zoozesa emisango emitongole egya gavumenti gye gitandika, nga mw'otwalidde n'eggyo egikwata ku gavumenti, abamenyi b'amateeka, n'eggyewaanyi. Kkooti z'ejulizo ziddamu ebyo kkooti za Disiturikiti nga zoogera ku nsonga ezikwata ku mateeka n'amateeka. Era waliwo n'enkiiko z'ekitongole nga Kkooti ya International Trade ne Kkooti ya Federal Agenties.

Abalamuzi abakola ku nsonga z’eby’obufuzi balondebwa okusobola okuba abalamu, ne kiba nti baawuliddwawo okuva ku bannabyabufuzi.

Engeri Ebiri mu Kabi n’Endowooza Ennuŋŋamu

Enteekateeka y'okukeberera n'okuteekamu ekipimo kikakasizza buli ttabi okukugira obuyinza bw'ensi endala.

  • [[NKULA]] Enkebere ku bukulu: Consert esobola okuyisa mu nviiri nga nnannyini directorial ne triam ezisinga obungi. Enkola eyo esobola okugaana okukakasa bannannyini, obutawansika ssente, obuwagizi, n'okuggyawo Pulezidenti oba abakungu abalala. Akakiiko kateekwa okusattulula endagaano.
  • [[NKULU] Empandika ku Mutemwa: Omukulembeze ayinza okukomyawo amasawo agayisibwa Congress. Pulezidenti ayinza okuyita Congress mu lukiiko olw'enjawulo. Mukulembeze w'eggwanga okulonda mu lukalala okumenya amateeka. Ekiragiro eky'okufuga kiyinza okuluŋŋamya engeri amateeka gye gakolebwamu.
  • [[NKULA]] Okukeberebwa kw'amateeka ku matabi gombi:[[FULT:1] Kkooti zisobola okuyisa amateeka agatakkirizidwa (obwekulembereza). Kkooti enkulu eyinza okusazaamu enkola ya bannakyewa esukka ku buyinza bwa mateeka. Abalamuzi abafuga abafuga mu ttabi baganyula obulamu bwabwe bwonna, n'olwekyo tebasobola kuggggyibwawo.
  • [[NKULU] Ekirabo kikebera mu lukiiko olukulu olw'eggwanga: Prezidenti asala abalamuzi n'abalamuzi, era asobozesa abalamuzi okutuula ku lukiiko. Mukulembeze era ayinza okusonyiwa ebibi ku lukiiko lw'eggwanga, kwe kugamba, akebere ku musango ogugisaze.
  • [[NKULA]] Okukeberebwa okw'ebiwandiiko ku Lukiiko olukulu olw'omu mateeka kuyinza okukyusa obunene bwa kooti z'eggwanga (wadde nga kooti enkulu eteekeddwawo ng'amateeka). Kusobola okutegeeza enkumbo eziba ziteekeddwawo okuzza obubonero mu kkooti. Olukiiko lusobola okukakasiza oba okugaana obujulizi.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, singa Consert ayisa etteeka erikugira abantu okwogera, kkooti ziyinza okusala omusango. Prezidenti bw'awa ebiragiro mu bakungu ba gavumenti, Akakiiko k'enkola kayinza okusiiga obulagizi obuyinza obusingawo.

Endagaano n’Emitemerezo Egifuga

Ekiragiro kino kiraga entegeka ya gavumenti y'ensi eyo era kibala amaanyi gaayo gonna nga kiganywerera ku gavumenti oba ku bantu (10th Amerekance). Ekiragiro kino kiwandiikiddwa mu 1787 era ne kikkirizibwa mu 1788, era nga kirimu ebigambo ebisingirayo ddala obukulu mu nsi yonna.

Ebiwandiiko Ebikwata ku Ddembe

Ebisobozo ebisooka kkumi ebiyitibwa Bill of Rights, byasabibwa mu 1791 okukuuma eddembe ly'abantu kinnoomu eriba terigendererwa gavumenti. Bizingiramu eddembe ly'okwogera, ery'eddiini, ery'okukuba ebitabo, ery'okukuŋŋaana awamu n'ery'okusaba (eryasooka); eddembe ery'okutambula emikono (2); obukuumi eritayinza kukwatibwa n'okukwatibwa obusaze (naye); enkola n'obukuumibwa mu kwewatulwa oba okugezesebwa okw'amangu (6); era n'obusobozi eri okubonerezebwa okw'amaanyi n'ekikolwa eky'ekikolo. Ddaakivvumbo kino kibadde kigattiddwa mu ggwanga nga 14 ekimenyesebwa mu Amerekawo.

Okukyusa Etteeka ly’Amateeka

Ekiragiro kino kiyinza okukyusibwa nga kitegekebwa okusobola okuleetawo ennyuma. Ebisobozo bino bisobola okukolebwa nga bakuba akalulu mu nnyumba za gavumenti zombi nga biri mu enkumi ssatu oba nga bakuba akalulu mu nsi yonna. Enkola eno ekkirizibwa nga amakampuni essatu mu bitundu bisatu. Ebibyawulibwamu ebiva ku lukiiko lwa gavumenti oba enkuŋŋaana za ssemateekako aw'eggwanga. Ebibonero 27 bye byokka bye bikoleddwa okuva mu 1791. Ebyokulabirako ebiyinza obutakkirizibwa bizingiramu akawumbi ka 13 (okutongoza obuddu), aka 19 (obuddu bwa bakazi) n'akawuka 26 (okuva mu myaka egy'okulonda).

Obuwagizi: Amaanyi Agali Wakati wa Gavumenti z’Eggwanga n’Eggwanga

Ekiragiro kino kikolera wansi wa nkola ya gavumenti z'Amerika, gavumenti z'eggwanga gye zigabanyizidwa obuyinza wakati wa gavumenti z'eggwanga ne gavumenti. Ekiragiro kino kiraga amatwale ga gavumenti ga gavumenti (e.g., nga kiyiiya ssente, nga kilangirira entalo, nga kiyisa eby'obusuubuzi mu ggwanga) ng'ate mu Amereka ey'ekkumi mu kifo ky'obufuzi bwonna kiri mu buyinza bwonna. Obufuzi buno obw'emirundi ebiri busobozesa gavumenti okukola nga demokulase, okugezaako mu nkola y'eby'enjigiriza, ebitongole eby'empala, n'obwenkanya bw'amateeka.

Gavumenti

Buli ggwanga ku masaza 50 lirina ssemateeka waalyo, ateekwa okuba nga likwatagana n'Amateeka ga Amerika.

  • ettabi erifuga omulimu [[FOLT:0] Empandika: Lirder, era ne lilondebwa gavumenti. Gavumenti zifuga ebitongole bya gavumenti era zisobola okulonda abakungu ba gavumenti. Amawanga mangi era galonda abakungu abalala nga gavana, bannamateeka, ne muwandiisi wa gavumenti.
  • Ekiragiro kino kissaawo amateeka agaamu ku nkola ezo. Abakulembeze baawula amateeka ga gavumenti, ne bakkiriza embalirira, n'okukakasa nti ebiba byagwo bye bitongodde.
  • [[Act:0] .W'Ettabi lya JUDIC:[[[FULT:1] Kkooti z'eggwanga zifuga ensonga ezisinga obungi nga mw'otwalidde n'amateeka g'amaka, endagaano, enkaayana ez'ebintu, n'ensonga endala ezisinga obungi ezikwata ku nzikkiriza. Kkooti enkulu ez'ensi ge buyinza obusinga obukulu mu mateeka ga gavumenti. Abalamuzi bayinza okulonda oba okulondebwa okusinziira ku mateeka.

Gavumenti za Nnansi

Obulawuli, ebibuga, ebibuga, ebibuga, n'ebitundu eby'enjawulo (nga gamenti) bye bikola ng'enkola y'ebitundu. Gavumenti zikkirizibwa gavumenti era ziweereddwa obuyinza n'amateeka. Gavumenti zikola emirimu egikwata ku bulamu obwa bulijjo: poliisi n'omuliro, amasomero ga gavumenti, okutegeka kazambizi, n'enguudo. Gavumenti ez'omu kitundu zibaamu okukolagana n'obukiiko bwa meya meeya meeya, oba obukiiko obukola emirimu. Abatuuze bakolagana n'abakungu ba bulijjo, nga bazze mu nkuŋŋaana z'essomero oba enzigo z'ekibuga.

Engeri Embaga z’Eby’obufuzi n’Okulonda gye Zirina Okuganyula

Wadde nga tewayogeddwako mu Mateeka ga gavumenti, ebiwaatwa bya bufuzi birina ekifo kikulu mu kutegeka gavumenti. "Democratic and Republican" ebiwandikiro bibiri ebikulu bye bisalawo ani atudde ku kifo. Okulonda kusalawo ku ani akolera mu nkola y'okulonda era n'enteekateeka ey'okulonda bifugibwa amateeka ga gavumenti. Omukulembeze w'eggwanga alondebwa okuyitira mu kibiina kya Electoral College. Buli gavumenti elonda abalonde benkanankana n'ababaka baawunzi baayo (ebifo by'ennyumba awamu n'eby'ebitebe bibiri ebiyitibwa Senators). Abalonde bonna bawangulwa okuwangula obululu. Congress, amacalumente, ne ofiisi z'omu kitundu ebitongole bilondebwa butereevu mu kulonda. Abamakulosito n'abavvuzi b'abavubi bakkirizibwa okulonda ekitongole ekitongole ekivvumbiddwawo, ate nga basala akalulu, ebitongole ebiva mu n'okulonda obutuufu eby'okulonda.

Engeri Abatuuze gye Bakolaganamu ne Gavumenti

Okutegeera obulungi enteekateeka y’obutuuze kye kintu ekisooka; abatuuze kye balina okukola:

  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA]] Ekikolwa ekikulu ennyo. Bregings arcess or recut, ssemata, ne 'somero' bye bikola.
  • Ababaka abasengekesa ebiwandike: Kuyita, nyiiya, oba wandiikira ab'omu kakiiko akategeka ebiwandikiro, abateesiteesi, n'abakungu ba gavumenti. Emboozi z'oyogera ku nsonga za gavumenti zisobola okubaako kye kikola ku nkola yaazo.
  • [[AGUMENT:0] Kugenda mu nkuŋŋaana za bonna:[ ku kakiiko k'essomero, ku kiwandiiko ky'ekibuga, ne ku nkuŋŋaana ezitegekebwa ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga mu ssaza, abantu basobola okukyogera. Ebiseera bye waba ozzeemu mu lujjudde bikusobozesa okubaako ky'oyogera.
  • [[Act:0] Okuweereza ku b'enjuba:[[Act:1] Mulimu ogusaze ogunyweza ofiisi y'ettabi eri mu lukiiko olukola emisango.
  • [[Akawayiro:0]] Ofiisi nnyingi ez'omu bitundu n'ez'eby'ebifo biyinza okufunibwa mu bannaggwanga aba bulijjo awatali nteeko za kaweefube ez'amaanyi.
  • [[Act:0]] Obusobozi obw'okutuukiriza bye wategese:[[FULT:1] Weegatte oba okuwagira ebibiina ebikwatagana n'ebigendererwa byo. Ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga za gavumenti kikuuma eddembe ery'okusaba gavumenti.

Okunoonyereza okw'omunda okusobola okutuuka ku byuma ng'ebyo, okukebera okw'amaanyi nga [[FOLT:0].Gov[[KATANDIKA], [[KITABO:2] Ekiragiro ekifuga enzivvuunuzi ey'amaterekero g'ebintu ebya bulijjo [[[KATANDIKA:3]], ne [ ekifo ekya KKOOTI Ennyo]. Bino biwa ebifuga endagiriro n'ebiwandiiko ebikulu.

fundikira

Enteekateeka ya gavumenti ya Amereka kitegekeddwa bulungi okukuuma eddembe era n'okutuukiriza obuvunaanyizibwa. Okuva ku kwawulwa kw'ab'obuyinza mu ggwanga okutuuka ku nkola ya gavumenti ne gavumenti z'ensi, buli kitundu kirina omulimu. Amatabi bwe gakolera awamu, engeri gye gakolera awamu, era n'engeri Amateeka gye gawa abantu amaanyi okwenyigira mu nkola eya demokulase. Ka kibe nti oli muyizi ateekateeka okunoonyereza ku by'obufuzi, omusomesa annyonnyola endowooza zino, oba omuyigiriza ayongera okutegeera kwo, obulagirizi buno buwa abantu omusingi omunywevu.