Enjigiriza y'enzikiriza bw'ekontana n'enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa ku ssimu, ennyinnyonnyola eyo ey'amaanyi, eyo eva ku nkyukakyuka. Enjigiriza eyo egamba nti Amateeka gaamutaasa okutegeeza engeri gye gandikkiriziddwamu ng'ewandikiddwa — okugateeka mu nkola eya demokulase era n'obwesigwa eri omutemu omuganzi ow'entonderwamu. Kyokka, amagezi agatali ga n'agikola gayinza okukoma ku ku mulembe guno, era n'okugatta ku nnukuta y'enkola y'obusobo, buli lunyiriri, era n'enkola y'enkola y'enkyukakyuka mu bulamu, n'abavugizi bannagge bakkiriziganyanyanya enkola eya bulijjo n'etayinza kuddamu bulungi ebibuuzo 21st. Okusoomooza tekutegeeza nti abantu abagenda mu n'abakulembelembe banoonya engeri y'entambula mu nsi yonna, era n'ennyonnyonyi kiteekwa okufuga, oba okumanyisa obujulira mu ngeri y'okunoonyamu okumanya amakulu g'ebyo ebibakujjuka mu mateeka.

Enjigiriza Enkadde Ezaali Zivvuunuddwa

Enjigiriza eyo tey'eyo yokka. Amatabi abiri agasinga okufuga obutategeeragana: ekigendererwa eky'olubereberye ne mu lukalala lwa bantu amakulu. Amakulu ago ganoonya mu kyamaanyi ekyo abalonde kye baakkiririzaamu mu kyama olw'ebigambo. Amakulu g'ebigambo bya gavumenti, okusingira ddala gabuuza omuntu omutegeevu mu kiseera eky'okumanyibwa kweyagaliramu ebigambo ebyo. Ekyasembayo, ekyakkirizibwa Omulamuzi Antonin Scialia n'abamu ku abo abamanyi ba Baibuli ebyasooka, kye kituuseeko mu nsonga ez'enjawulo kubanga tegeetaateekako kigendererwa kya bantu ku nsonga ezibakwata ku bantu abava mu bitundu ebisookerwako.

Abanoonyereza ku by'eddiini bagamba nti engeri kino gy'ekwatamu ebiwandiiko ebiri mu mateeka. Singa abalamuzi bamanya nti Amateeka gago gagobererwa basobole okutuukana n'endowooza zaabwe ku bintu eby'amagezi oba eby'obwenkanya, ekiwandiiko kino kiba kifuze kya nkola eya kkooti ey'okusala emisango mu kifo eky'okukigoberamu. Scalia yawandiika nti, "Etteeka si kintu kiramu, era nga n'ebiwandiiko byonna eby'amateeka bwe bikkirizibwa, lirina kye byogera — oba terikikola. Kino kigambibwa nti omuntu alina amakulu amatuufu ag'ekiragiro, awaliriza abalamuzi okukiteekako abalamuzi, era n'okuleka abateesomero nga bagoberera enkola ya demokulase.

Kyokka ne mu nnyanjula, wabaawo obutakkaanya ku musingi gwa display gwe tusaanidde okutegeera. Ng'ekyokulabirako, essiractives ey'enkomeredde ey'enseera n'ekibonerezo ekitali kya bulijjo bigaana "empandika n'ekibonerezo ebya bulijjo". Omuntu ow'eddagala ayinza okugamba nti ebigambo bino bye bibonerezebwa buyisiddwa nga bikambwe mu 1791, gamba ng'okukuba ebifaananyi n'okubirira, oba okutegeeza omusingi ogugamba nti ekibonerezo tekiteekwa okuba nga kikulu nnyo oba nga kifeebeebeebeeta — omusingi ogusobola okukozesebwa mu bintu ebya bulijjo gamba ng'okusiba obusibe oba okugoba obutoffanyi. Kino kireetawo obuzibu bwe kituuka ku mbeera ezizingirwamu mu bya tekironzeewo.

Ekiragiro kino kikubiriza abantu okuteeka amakulu g'ebigambo bino mu kifo ky'ebyo bye baayigirizanga, okuggyako nga basoose kugagoberera. — Randy Barnett, Georgetown University Law Center

Bumanyirivu bw'Abakozi

Okusobola okutegeera enjawulo eriwo wakati w'obukugu mu kunoonyereza n'obukugu obwa tekinologiya obwasooka, omuntu alina okusooka okwekenneenya tekinologiya eyaliwo mu kiseera Amateeka we gaawandiikibwa ne bukkirizibwa. Mu 1787, engeri esingayo okuba ey'okuwuliziganyaamu obubaka yali ya mbalaasi. Ekiragiro eky'okukuba ebitabo — nga kyakozesebwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo — kyabunyisibwanga mu kusaasaanya obubaka. Entalo zeesigama ku ku ku bugazi bwa permeters eziyinza okuba nga 100 freeti, ate ne ku by'okukyusa kwa Sande okukugira oku "okwanguyiriza oba okukwatibwa ebweruganyi" byagobererwa abakungu bannaakozesebwanga okunoonyereza mu maka n'ebitongole ebikola ebibiina ebibiina ebikola ennurbatta.

Abafuzi baategeeranga ebiwandiiko ebyabanga biggaddwa mu mmeeza, amabaluwa agaasibibwa mu lutiba, era n'emboozi ezaakwatibwanga emabega w'enzigi, tebaalina ndowooza ku metameta, okulambula, oba ku tteeka lya algoric. Ekkuppertension ya ssaagid yakuuma eddembe ery'okukuuma n'okusitula emikono. Naye "ngalo" ez'omu kiseera ekyo zaalinga nguudo empala enfu enfu enfunkufu, so si mibandu egisukka mu 93, naye nga teziri nfumbo ezikusifukusifumu, ezikusiikusiddwako obutundu obunene obwa magazini, oba obusaawundiikibwa mu butabinja. Clascale yawanyisa obuyinza okufuga eby'obusuubuzi "mu bitali bya bya bufuzi," naye eby'obusuubuzi obwalina amakulu g'ebifaananyirikiti, oba eby'omutale.

Eddaala lino teririna kumalawo kuteebereza bukyamu. Abakugu mu byafaayo bagamba nti olulimi olugobererwa mu bugenderevu era nti emisingi gyayo gisobola okukozesebwa mu tekinologiya omupya naye nga tegwetaaga makulu ga nnukuta ndala.

Ne bwe Batyo Bwe Batamanyi bulungi Katonda

Okulongoosa okw’Okuna n’Okuva ku Mikutu Egitali Gimu

Tewali kifo kirala kiyamba kugonjoola kizibu kino okusinga omutemwa ogw'okuna.Ebigambo bikuuma "eddembe ly'abantu okuba n'obukuumi mu bantu baabwe, amayumba, empapula, n'ebintu ebirala, n'okunoonyereza ku businyi." Mu kyasa ekya 18, okunoonyereza kwazingiramu okuyingira mu nnyumba oba okunyaga ebintu ebirabika.Leero, abakwasi b'amateeka basobola okufuna obubaka bungi nga tebakubye ku kintu: obufaananyirizibwa ku ssaawalala w'omuntu w'abadde abadde anoonyerezza, enzigiro eziba nga zikuumibwa ku bannabizineesi, thermeters ezibikkula ani, era ne vidiyo eziriwo mu bulabiina ezibalwa mu kifo ekiteekebereddwa: obujulizi ebikozesebwa mu ku bannasayansi.

Kkooti ey'omu 2018 yatongodde Kampala v. United States kye kiwa obukakafu. Gavumenti yafuna obuwandiike obw'enkola ey'edda okuva ku muwayi awatali bukwasiddwa bujulizi, nga yeesigama ku "Frective partical" — endowooza nti obubaka obwagattibwa n'ekibiina eky'okusatu (nga kampuni ey'essimu ey'amasimu) tesobola kukuumibwawo mu ngeri ey'obw'omwenda. Omukulembeze w'ekitongole Goner, yawandiika ebitabo 5. , nga yakkiriza nti engeri z'ensalo ez'okubugaziwandisi z'ekifo tebwawukana ku bukakafu obwatongodde mu sente ezo ezaakkebwa mu nzivuvuvuvu, oba mu nzikkirizamu endala endala endala mu nzikkiriza mu nzikkiriza mu nzikkiriza. , era ne mu ngeri endala eyinza okumanyibwa mu ngeri y'emu n'emu n'ennyonnyola eyinza okumanyibwa mu mateeka. zza ebiva mu mateeka, ekigamba nti

Abayigiriza nti ebintu bya bulijjo bikolebwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo. Abamu bagamba nti ekivaamu eky'okugatta omusingi ogw'okuna kwe kutuukiriza ebibi eby'omubiri, nga Scalia bwe yateranga okugamba. Abalala bagamba nti omusingi ogw'okukuuma "ennyumba, empapula, era n'ebifa ku" gutuuka ku bipimo ebya bulijjo eby'ebika ebyo, era nti olunyiriri we bikkirizibwa okusomebwa. Empakaagiro zisobola okuteeka enzijjuvu mu mpandika z'enkola tezingirwamu?

Omuteende Ogutandike Okulongoosebwa mu Kiseera ky’Okukuba Amasannyalaze

Ekitongole ekikuba empeereze kigamba nti "Konsole teriyinza kuteekawo mateeka... okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera oba ery'okukuba mu mpapula z'amawulire". Mu 1791, emboozi zaasabibwa mu maaso ga bantu okuyitira mu brocuwa oba mu mpapula z'amawulire. Kino kitegeeza nti emboozi z'oku sipiidi zikozesebwa ku disitulikiti ez'enjawulo. Leero, emboozi za bonna zibeera ku disitulikiti ez'enjawulo — eby'oku ssimu ez'okussawanya, ebitundu eby'emboozi, ebiwandiikibwa obuwandiisi, n'eby'okuwandiika nga tewali buwandikiro. Ekibuuzo ekikwata ku ngeri gye kikwata ku pulatifo ekyo, ne ku ku ku ku kugezaako kwa gavumenti okubifuga, kulabika n'enkufissi.

Ng'ekyokulabirako, Platforms zikola nga Facebook, X (eyali Tutter), ne YouTube ba kampuni ezeegatte ku ngeri ebigambo gye birabika. Olukalala lw'ebiragiro bwe luba nga lukubisaamu obutuuti obwa gavumenti okuggyawo ebyo bye balina. Naye singa gavumenti eteekako gavumenti nga y'ewaliriza obutuuti okuggyawo ebizingirwamu. oba nga ewandiisa amateeka ageetaagisa abantu okwogera ebigambo ebimu, okukajja mu mateeka agasookebwawo n'agoberera ddala eddembe ly'okwegatta n'eky'okwetaba, ekiteekwa okumenya amateeka agava mu ku kuttuusibwa abamenyi b'eby'okwetaba okuva ku mu nsi, nga ye nsonga enkulu ennyo mu nsi erina okubaamu "teesitemu ku lukalala olwa bulijjo." Naye, kkooti enkuluze mu kkooti z'eby'eby'obufuzi tezingirwamu mu ku nsonga za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti za gavumenti. Ate, tezikkiriza kukkirizibwamu ku nsonga ezisooka. Era, endowooza eyo terimu terimu mu kifo kya waggulu ku ekyo eyinza okumanyibwa mu kifo kya waggulu kugi

Ekifo ekirala eky'okussawo akakwakkulizo: akawayiro akaaleetera ekiragiro okulaga enkola ya algorithiamu. Singa ekiragiro kikwata ku lukalala lw'akawayiro akako nga emboozi endala tezinzisaamu, olwo ekiragiro ekyo kisalawo nti embeera tejja kubaamu butali bwenkanya newakubadde nga gavumenti ewandikidwa oba nga ekirabwa. Ekireetera okulagira obulangiro bwa gavumenti kulonda bukulu bwa buli kika kya "Speech" ku bwa tteeka lyennyini — omuntu ali mu ku lukalala lwa tteeka? Naye okikozesezza bulungi ku nsonga eno, ne kiba nti gavumenti tesobola kufuga bigambo ebyo k'ekozesa lulimi lwonna.

Okukyusa Ebiri n’Emikono gy’Omu Kiseera Kino

Empeererez ey'okubiri: "Akwawulibwa bulungi Militia, kubanga kwetaagisa mu ggwanga eryetongodde, eddembe ly'abantu ery'okukuuma n'okutwala eby'okulwanyisa, terijja kutkirwa." Diverformation of Columbia v. Heller [2008]], endowooza y'Abalamuzi mu kiseera eky'okutandikawo ebya Scalia yakozesa enkola za bannasayansi okusobola okukomyawo olukalala ku ddembe ly'omuntu okwefunira obubangi obwamu ebyokulwanyisa ebya bulijjo. Endowooza eyo yeesiga nnyo ku ebyo ebyabangawo mu byafaayo ebyamanyibwa mu kiseera eky'okutandikawo: "Obufuzi obwakozesebwa mu kiseera kino". Naye ekyo kireetawo ensonga ey'okukwata ku by'okulwanyisa mu kiseera kino.

'AR.N.' era tekikkirizibwa kukozesa bbanka eza bulijjo "emmun'okusobozesa abantu okukola nga basinziira ku makulu gaasooka. Scalia yakkiriza nti obuyinza n'ebyokulwanyisa eby'enjawulo bikkirizibwa okuwerebwa. Naye teyawa bujulizi bukakasa nti "bakozesa ba bulijjo." Leero, obukadde n'obukadde bw'abantu mu Amerika balina emmundu ez'omulembe guno, ezizifuula eza bulijjo. Kyokka, tebayinza kulowooza nti za maanyi okutta abantu emirundi mingi mu ddakiika emu ne magazini. Ekiwandiiko kya kkooti entono kyawula: okuwera ebimu ku ku kubaako ebyokulwanyisa ng'okusoota ebyokulwanyisa ng'ebyo, kubanga tebikozesebwa mu ngeri y'enkukkiriza mu mateeka okuzikozesa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo, ate ne mu nsonga y'edda eyinza okukebera ebiba nga bireetebwamu mu kkooti y'olukalala lw'olukalala. [192] Kkoseetuka eri mu Nteembula, ekitongole kino kiyinza okuzuula ekiri mu byafaayo ebiva mu byafaayo ebiva mu ngeri ey'enna ku nsonga enkulu][19, ekigamba ennyo mu

Obusuubuzi ne Internet

Constitution ewa obuyinza "bukulu mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amangi, era ne mu magatte agawerako." Ebyafaayo bya Amerika, ebigambo bino byataputa nga, ne binywerera ku mateeka g'eby'obusuubuzi okusiikiriza gavumenti. New Developence yateekawo amateeka agasinga obungi mu by'obusuubuzi. Ssembekero lya Ssekukkulu bwe liwagira amateeka g'ensi agaakwata ebizingirwa mu by'obusuubuzi ne ku busuubuzi obwa bulijjo. Abakozi baasooka baakiririza ddala nti amakulu agasooka "commerce" geekuusa ku by'obusuubuzi, oba ku by'owanyisa bintu — so si ku kukola nga ebibyabulimi, oba okugobererwa. [FLT:] mu kkooti z'eby'eby'eby'enfuna eby'omutina, mu ngeri endala ez'enjawulo. [FLP.95]

Kyokka, Internet ereetera okugobererwa mu ngeri y'okuleetawo okusoomooza okutali kumu mu bitundu ebyasooka eby'enjigiriza ez'enjawulo. Omutunzi w'obusuubuzi n'omusuubuzi mu New York kitegeeredde ddala nga "bukonkovvu mu masaza nga bwe kitegeererwa mu byafaayo. Naye kiba kitya ku mirimu gya kompyuta ng'eg'egy'ebire oba eby'okuwuliziganya ebya kampuni — ereetebwawo akawandizo oba okusindika obubaka "mereka"? Era, abo abagula ebintu eby'okugula obubaka tebabutwala ng'ekintu ekirinakukisibwa. Kyokka, amateeka gatera kutwala data nga ekintu ekigulibwa, ekitundibwa, era ne kibutundibwa mu bitundu by'ensi eno. Abakulembezza eby'obutundu bwa Clausseast bateekwa okubuuza oba okumanyisa amakulu ga bino mu mirimu egya bulijjo.

Obusobozi obw’Okuzimbiramu Obusobozi bw’Okubuulira mu Technological Contexts

Abakugu bagamba nti ekiragiro bwe kiba nga kiteekwa okukomyawo amakulu g'ekigambo kikolamu mu ntepfeko, omutuuze tayinza kuteebereza mateeka bwe ganaaba. Abakugu ab'edda baddamu nti amakulu g'empandika eyo genkana wa. Abakugu baakirimu bagamba nti, omuntu bw'aba nga yeetaaze amakulu g'empandika eyo, oba nga yeetaaga okugitegeera, oba nga yeetaaga okugikozesa, kyetaagisiza okusobola okugikozesa ku tekinologiya ekya tekikola, ng'ebiragiro ebiva mu ku ku ddaala ery'okutaano ery'okukyusa ebiba byakamaliriwo biraga.

Ekyokubiri, okusoomooza kwe kitera okuleetera abantu okufuna amakulu ag'enjawulo. Okuteekawo amakulu g'ebigambo ebyasooka nga "speech," "hamma," oba "ebya bulijjo" kizibu nnyo — naddala eri olulimi olw'ekkumi n'abataano. Ebyafaayo tebituukiridde, era n'eby'enkumbo eby'enjawulo biyinza okufuna amakulu ag'enjawulo. Bwe bitaba bya makulu tewali n'omu mu 1791 alowoozebwa, enkola ey'okuzuula ebikwata ku byafaayo eyinza okukyusibwa okusobola okufuna obukakafu bwonna obuwagira ekigendererwa.

Ekyokusatu, ekizibu . Omulamuzi Kagan kye yamanyibwa ennyo, "Fose articfix" Naye endowooza eyo tekakasa nti buli emu ku nzikiriza zaayo ez'enjawulo. Abaasooka tebakkiriziganya: abamu be "baasooka okubeera nzikiriza ennungi," nga omulamuzi Richard Posner bwe yagamba, ate abalala bawa bujulizi obulaga ebyafaayo okusobola okutuuka ku binaanye. Mu nkola ebya tekinologiya, obutakkaanya obwo busobola okuba obw'amaanyi naddala kubanga ebibiina eby'omu kyasa ekya 18.

Emirimu Egitali Gimu

Bwe kiba bwe kityo, abeekenneenya abamu bagamba nti endowooza egamba nti amateeka ga Katonda gasobola okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo. Enjigiriza eyo ekwataganyizibwa n'ensonga z'amateeka nga zikwataganyizibwa ne mulamuzi William Brennan n'endala, egamba nti amateeka gayinza okubaamu okumala ekiseera okusobola okulaga nti emitindo gy'obusobozi n'embeera z'abantu zikyuse. Endowooza eno, enkuumiro ey'okukyusaamu mu by'onoonyezaamu obukulembezza obukulembedde erina okumanyibwa nga tekinologiya bwe kyandiba nga kiteeberedde mu nkola enkola eya tekinologiya. Abasekerezi baafiiri baatwala enkola eno okuba ey'okwewala.

Lwirikiti eya Controlism , ekubirizibwa David Strauss n'abalala, ewa ekiragiro nti, Amateeka ga mateeka galina okutaputibwa nga kigoberera enkola y'ekiragiro, ekifaananyi, era ekilongoosebwa mpolampola — nga n'engeri kkooti enkulu eza Amerika gye zikozesezza okuleetawo enkyuka oba amateeka g'ebintu. Enkola eno esobozesa okusalawo mu ngeri y'obulombolombo so si ya bulijjo mu kifo ky'obufirosoofo. Bisobola okusobozesa obufirosoofo obupya okubukozesa okubawandikibwa nga zigoberera ebyawuliwo nga lukalala ebibatuukako, nga kkooti enkulu mu . California

Ekintu eky'okusatu okusobola okukomyawo k'empandiika ye [, ekivaako ennyo obunyonyi obwa stricism ekissa essira ku makulu g'ebyawandiikibwa ebya bulijjo mu kiseera eky'okuteekawo application. Ekiragiro 'obuwandiisi bukozesebwa mu kunnyonnyola nnukuta ez'enjawulo, ne kiba nti akakiiko ka ka 'system' kasobola okusemba amateeka. Ka 'System' bwe kateeyisa mu mateeka', kakwatagana n'amakulu gaandikiro ge gaasooka, ate emirundi egimu ne kisobozesa endukusa ezaago okweyongera okubeera mu mpandika zaago okuzibwenga singa ebigambo byennyini bikkirizibwa okukolebwa.

fundikira

Enzigi n'enkola ey'okusinzira ku nnyimba z'ensi esobozesa okunnyonnyola tteeka lya demokulase, okussaawo ensala y'amateeka mu lukiiko lwa demokulase era n'okusalawo obukwasi mu nkola za tekinologiya. Naye bwe bassa mu nkola tekinologiya ku nkula y'enkola, baawandiika emisingi gyayo egyategekebwa mu lulimi olusobola okugumira, naye okwawula wakati w'ensi yaabwe n'eggyo okw'effe kwa maanyi nnyo ne kiba nti n'obwesigwa okunoonyereza ku nnukuta n'okukusobozesa okunoonyereza okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu by'empandika, n'okunoonyereza okuvaamu ebiva mu nkola enzijjuvu. Abasaze abeesigwa abamu bagamba nti enkola ey'obusobozi ez'okuwandiika ebintu ebikolebwa mu kiseera kino, gamba ng'okukwata ku bintu ebikolebwa mu lukalala olw'okusatu, gamba ng'okukwata ku by'obugunjufu.

Okunoonyereza kukwata ku tekinologiya bwe kugenda mu maaso, abantu bajja kweyongera okukaayana obanga bakkiririza mu njigiriza egamba nti abantu ba Katonda baatondebwa butondebwa nga bafuuse ba bulijjo, oba ka kibe nti basobola okuzingirwamu okusinziira ku nkola eya bulijjo ebaawo mu kiseera kino.

Era kisomesezza: Laba ensala ya kkooti ey'oku ntikko. Kartent v. United States (2017]), Packham v. Obukiika obwa North Carolina[[[FLT:] [2017]] [2017], ne [[FLT:][FLT]] New State Rifle & Lamp; Pistol Association v.[FLT][202] [202]][10]