Okutegeera Ekikolwa mu Buyigirize

Okusobola obukakasiza ku nkola z'amateeka n'ebikolwa ebikolebwa okusobola okwongera obuwagizi bw'ebibiina by'eby'edda ebibeera mu matendekero n'ebifo.

Endowooza nti yeewaze tetera kutwalibwa nga "enkola ey'obuwangwa" eri ebibiina ebimu. Mu ngeri ey'ekinnyi, etwalibwa ng'enkola ey'okunoonyereza abo ababa beewaddeyo okusobola okumanya ensonga lwaki baagala okugenda mu kifo ekyo, nga mw'otwalidde enzivumbo, obuwangwa bw'eggwanga, enkula y'embeera y'eby'enfuna, n'ebyo ebibaddewo mu bulamu awamu n'ebyo bye batuuseeko mu buyigirize obwa waggulu. Ekiruubirirwa si kwe kwongera ku mitindo egya wansi naye nga gye gikozesebwa okuzuula obulungi n'obusobozi.

Ensibuko z’Ebyafaayo ez’Obulagirizi

Mu mwaka gwa 1960, enkola y'okukkiriza mu Amerika ey'omulembe guno, eyoleka ensibuko y'enkola z'entegeka z'abantu. Kennedy yasooka kukozesa ekigambo "Kinyweza ekikolwa" mu Nsengeka y'obukulembeze 10925 mu 1961, ekyalagira abakyuzi "beekakasa nti bakolera ddala nga tewali langi yaabwe, ekiwandikiro, langi, oba ensibuko y'eggwanga." Oluvannyuma Johnson yatongoza endowooza eyo mu nteekateeka y'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga mu mwaka gwa 1965, nga kiwaliriza abakkozi bakwasiddoote enkola y'okuzzaawo enkola y'okuzzaawo enkola y'okuzzaawo ebitongole.

Ekiragiro kino kyakwata ku mateeka agaba gasalamu obusosoze mu by'amateeka ebyasa bingi.[1] Jim Crow, alwo , n'obusosoze mu by'enjigiriza ne ku mirimu, ebyaviirako okugyamu abantu b'omu Afirika n'abalala ab'ekika ekirala eky'ekitono akakisa. Act y'ekitongole ekikola ku ddembe ly'obuntu ekya 1964 kyagaana obusosoze naye tekyaggyawo busosoze obwali buzzeewo. Okugonjola obubeganyizi kye kyalowoozebwa ng'ekiko kyasobola okuggyawo enjjulukungo ezo so si kugamba nti obusosoze obusibwe bukkirizibwa mu mateeka.

Ekigendererwa Ekikulu n’Okwesigira

Ebigendererwa ebikulu eby’okukkiriza obuyigirize bye bino:

  • [[Act:0] Okwesasuza okusosolwa okw'omu biseera ebyayita:[ Okumanya nti obutali bwenkanya obw'omu byafaayo buviiriddeko okufuna ettuttumu n'okutuuka ku buwanguzi.
  • [[Act:0] Okutegeera nti abantu abayiga mu bitundu eby’enjawulo kiganyula buli muyizi ng’abayamba okufuna endowooza ez'enjawulo.
  • [[Act:0] Kino kiyamba okukendeeza obusaze mu biyingizibwa:[ Kino kiyamba mu kutendeka abaana okuva mu bitundu ebisukka mu kimu okufuna ebizibu mu nteekateeka ya fayiro.
  • Okusobola okuvvuunuka obwavu n'okulekawo ebikolerwako, kiyinza okukkirizibwa okuggulawo obuyigirize obwa waggulu oba obuwagizi.
  • Okuteekateeka abayizi basobole okubeera mu bantu ab'enjawulo: kikola ng'abato ne bye banoonya mu mikutu egy'omusaalaba ne byetaagibwa okuyamba abaana okukula obulungi mu nsi yonna esangibwa awamu.

Ekikolwa eky’Okusalawo mu College Admission

Amakampuni mangi gakoze ebiwandiiko ebikwata ku langi n’eggwanga nga bino bye bimu ku bintu ebiviirako obupiira, okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezitali zimu gamba ng’okukuba ebigezo, okuwandiika, n’ebirala ebiri mu matendekero agatali gamu n’ebizibu ebirala.

Kino kyeyoleka bulungi kkooti enkulu mu mu v. Bollinger (2003), nti okusiiga kw'abayizi eby'enjawulo mu bitundu by'ensi eno kwe kuba nti okwawukana okw'ebifaananyi esobola okwekwasa obutuufu obw'okuteeka mu nkola amateeka agava ku langi. Kkooti ya Kko yakitegeera nti okusosola okw'ebika by'abayizi mu ngeri ez'enjawulo kwe kukomyawo obuyigirize obwa bulijjo, n'okuteekateeka abayizi okusobola okukulembera abantu abakola emirimu egitali gimu.

Engeri Omuntu gy’Akolamu ng’Alonze Empalana

Omuntu bw'akkiriza obuwangwa bwe okusingirwa mu langi tewaba nga buwandikiddwa oba nga buwandikiddwa bunnaawula mu langi. Mu kifo ky'ekyo, amakampuni gatwala obuwangwa bw'omuyizi okuba nga bugazi mu langi ye. Ng'ekyokulabirako, omuntu akkiriza obuwagizi bwe bukyusaamu mu bulamu bwe. Enkola eno esobozesa akakiiko akakkiriza okukakasibwa ekika eky'ebika eky'enjawulo eky'omu masomero ne ga katandika okukaka mu buyigirize obulungi.

Entegeka ezikkiriza nti buli muddusi alina obukwasi mu langi, zikola nga buli omu ku lukalala lw'akebera. Kino kitera okutwaliramu okulowooza ku mbeera y'embeera y'eby'enfuna, embeera y'omulembe ogusooka mu yunivasite, obuwangwa, n'obusobozi obw'enjawulo mu bantu bangi.

Ebisaanyizo by’Omulembe n’Emisango

Enfunda n'enfunda, amateeka agafuga enjawukana mu langi gasobeddwa. okusalawo okukulu okwa Kkooti Enkulu kukoze kinene nnyo mu nsonga z'amateeka:

  • [[AKMENT:0][FLT][1] Ebiwandiiko eby'omu yunivasite ya California v. Bakke [778] Kkooti yasalawo nti obutundutundu bw'enjawukana tebuli mu mateeka naye nti okusobola okuleetawo enjawukana mu langi, olukalala lwa ggwanga lwalina okutwalibwa ng'olukalala. Omulamuzi Lewis Powell' yaleetawo endowooza eyaleetawo enjawukana mu bitundu eby'ensi yonna.
  • [[AWULA:0][OLW'OKUMALIRA] v. Bollinger Kkooti yawagira enkola ya yunivasite y'e Michigan Law School, ekiraga nti obuyigirize obwa waggulu obw'enjawulo bwasikiriza era nti enkola eyo yagobererwa butono nnyo.
  • [[AWULA:0][FLT] Fuser v[=2013 ne 2016] Mu Mu Firebi, kkooti kyali kyetaagisa okulambula ennyo enkola z'enjawukana. Mu mufishi II, kkooti yawagira yunivesiti ya Texas ku kkansa ya Austin', nga yo eyogera ku mukolo ogusalirawo abangi essokero.
  • [FLT]][FOLT]Ssoosa ku Fair Admacts v. Harvard ne yuniversite ya North Carolina[FL:2] (2023): mu kusalawo okw'enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo, kkooti kyeguusizza emyaka mingi, nga mu kuteekawo amateeka agakwata ku nkula y'enjawukana gaagyo, okusiimula enkola eyo ey'okwerinda mu mpaka ekontana ne Klausnassie nga eya 147 Constment. Omulamuzi omukulu John Roberts yawandiika nti, "okuggyawo okusosola langi kitegeeza okuggyawo obusosoze mu biyingizibwa ebisinga obungi."

Mu kusalawo kwa 2023, enkola eno ekyuse nnyo. Kati enkulaakulana mu bya nkula y'enkola eteekwa okunoonyereza ku ngeri gye ziyinza okusobozesa abantu okufuna enkula ey'enjawulo mu nsi, gamba nga, embeera y'eby'enfuna, obuwangwa, oba okuggyawo eby'obusika bye baagala.

Okuyiiya n’Ebirowoozo by’Eby’Eby’Eby’Eby’Obujjanjabi

Mu biseera eby'edda, amatendekero mangi gawadde abayizi abatono sikaala okusobola okugonjoola enjawukana mu by'enfuna. Nga bamalirizza okusalawo kwa Kooti ey'oku ntikko, obutendekebwa obumu bukyusa enkola zino okubeera ez'ekika kya langi n'eky'okufuga ettaka.

Programu nga Eraga nti abeekenneenya ba Baibuli abawerako balaga nti obuwagizi obwa bulijjo busobola okusobozesa abayizi okufuna obuwagizi ku yunions Programme (kati tekakyakola) era nePosse Foundation[

Okunenyezebwa n’Okufeebezebwa

Abantu bangi bavumirira abo abatwala obukulembeze mu bantu nga ba muwendo era bagamba nti ebintu biyinza okukolebwa mu ngeri eyoleka obwenkanya, obwenkanya, n’okuba nti ebintu biyinza okuvaamu ebiteetegekeddwa.

Ebirala ebiraga nti obusosoze buddayo mu nsi

Ekimu ku ebyo ebitera okukolokota kwe kuba nti obusosoze obutereevu bukolebwa ku "baasosolwa" ku bazungu ne nnaziya abakulembedde Amerika. Abavumirira endowooza nti tewali muntu n'omu asaanidde okubonerezebwa olw'ebibi by'omulembe ogwayita era nti ekitongole kya bayizi baakava mu ggwanga mu makomera tekirina kukkirizibwa kukkirizibwa. Abayizi mu kkooti z'eby'enjawukana ez'ensi yonna baasinziira ku nsonga zino nga bagamba nti abawandiisi b'Asiya abalina ebisaanyizo bassibwa wansi bassibwa mu buggya mu bannannyini obutono. Abawagizi baago awatali kusosola obusosoze obuva mu langi era ne ku nkola ey'okwewala tebwetaamanyibwa bakkirizibwa okusobozesa okukuba ebifaananyisiikiriza abantu mu nsi.

Enjawukana mu Bufuzi bwa Amereka

Abagamba nti okukkirizibwa kw'abantu okusinziira ku ebyo bye batuuseeko mu mulimu guno, kulina okukolebwa okusinziira ku busobozi bwabwe. Abawakanyi bagamba nti okugakkiriza kulina kunafuwa ku musingi guno nga basinziira ku langi ze basalawo. Abakuutizi bagamba nti, okugagoberera tekiri nti obuwangwa obutonotono ng'okugezesa okw'ekigero tekulina kubaako ludda lwe buwagira mu by'enfuna; era n'obusobozi obw'okwekereza obusobola okugezesa ebigezo. Ate era, bagamba nti okuba nti okuba n'obulungi bwa maanyi buva mu langi ez'enjawulo era nti n'enjawukana zisobola okuganyula abantu mu by'obuyigirize.

Okutwalirizibwa Endowooza n’Ekitigima

Abeekenneenya abamu, naddala Richard Sander ne Stuart Taylor Jr, batumbula endowooza egamba nti, ‘ mismatch Plagint," ewa endowooza nti abayizi abakkirizibwa okugenda mu matendekero gye batategekebwa bulungi bayinza okuzibuwalirwa era ne balekera awo. Endowooza eno esigala nga ewakanirwa nnyo banoonyereza ku by'enjigiriza, abalaga nti abayizi abatono baganyulwa mu bibiina ebinoonyeza obuyigirize obwa bulijjo. Kyokka, okuswajja kw'okutwalibwa ng'okutwalibwa nga "ekikolwa eky'obuteesoosoosa" kuyinza okusobozesa abayizi abamu okufuna emigugu mu ku mibiri gyabwe era n'okuwagira enteekateeka ezikola ku by'obuyigirize.

Obuzibu mu by’Eby’Amateeka ne mu Mateeka

Ng'oggyeko ebyo ebyabangawo, okusoomooza okw'amaanyi okulaga nti obwewagguzi buteekwa okukkirizibwa. Abaziyiza bagamba nti ensonga yonna ekwata ku nkula y'eggwanga gavumenti gye yateekawo, nga mw'otwalidde ne yunivasite za gavumenti,(*) ziteekwa okwekenneenyeza ddala, nga kitegeeza nti kirina okusikiriza era nga kiteekwa okuteekebwawo. Nga kigoberera ensala ya Kkooti esingako obukulu eya 2023, okutongozebwa kw'empala mu langi tekukkirizibwa mu mateeka g'ekitongole, wadde ng'amasomero gayinza okulowooza ku ngeri empanvumu obulamu bw'omuntu eyasabye okukubawa.

Emiganyulo Egiri mu Kuyigiriza okw’Engeri ez’Enjawulo

Wadde ng’okunoonyereza okutali kumu kuyinza kugobererwa mu mateeka, kusobozesa abayizi ab’enjawulo okufuna obuyigirize obuganyula, era kuganyula abayizi bonna ka babe ba ggwanga ki.

Ebiva mu Kuyiga Okuppya

Okunoonyereza okungi kulaga nti abaana abali mu bibiina eby'enjawulo bayiga bulungi okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezitali zimu ne kiviirako abayizi okubuusabuusa endowooza z'abalala era ne beeyingiza mu nsonga ezitali zimu.

Okwewala Obusosoze n’Engeri ez’Okusosolamu

Endowooza eno egobererwa omukugu mu by'enkula y'abantu Gordon Allport, eraga nti okukolagana obulungi wakati w'abantu abali mu mbeera ez'enjawulo n'abo abakolagana obulungi kikendeeza ku busosoze mu nsi.'Ebitundu ebikolera ku nkolagana wakati w'abantu ab'amawanga ag'enjawulo biyamba nnyo mu kuleetawo obusosoze mu bantu abangi.

Okuteekateeka Emirimu Egitali Gimu

Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa McKinsey & Company kwalaga nti kampuni ezikola ku mirimu egy'enjawulo zikola bulungi mu by'ensimbi. Amatendekero g'eby'enjigiriza agateeka mu kifo ekisooka eby'obukulembeze mu nsi yonna gayamba abayizi okweteekerateekera ebifo eby'obukulembeze mu nsi yonna. Abayizi abatendekeddwa mu bifo eby'enjawulo eby'okusomeramu baba na bisaanyizo bimala okusobola okunyumya ku nkula y'obuwangwa era n'okumanyiira okutereeza endowooza zaabwe.

Engeri Ezisinga Obuntu ez’Okukozesa mu Kulonda Empalana

Nga kivudde ku kusalawo kwa Kkooti ey'Ekisinze era nga 2023, amasomero ne yunivasite binoonyereza ku bintu ebirala ebiyinza okukozesebwa mu kukuuma ebifo awakuumirwa enzijanjaba z'eby'enjawukana mu nsi.

Emirimu egiva ku mbeera y'eby'enfuna

Ebitongole bingi byatandika okulowooza ku mbeera y'abantu mu by'ennono mu langi nga ekiwandikiro eky'okukkaanya langi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, yunivasite y'e California yakola olukalala "olw'okwekenneenya" olupima ebintu gamba ng'essente amaka, obuyigirize bw'abazadde, n'engeri ez'omuliraano. Wadde nga waliwo obusosoze mu by'enfuna obw'enjawulo n'enjawukana z'enjawukana z'enkula, okunoonyereza ku by'enjawukana wakati w'enjawukana ez'enkula n'enkula y'enkula y'enjawukana wakati w'enjawukana ez'ennamba. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ku yunivanyuma ey'e California kwakizuula nti oluvannyuma lw'okukkirizibwa mu langi 209, omuwendo gw'abayizi abatonotono abakkirizibwa mu ttendekero ate nga mu matendekero ge gaawo gokkakkakkakka.

Enkyukakyuka ez’Okumpi n’Ebirimu Ebituli waggulu

Texas, California, ne Florida bataddewo "obukodyo obutonotono"."[1] Programu ezikkirizibwa mu yunivasite ya ssemazinga zibeere nga ziraga ekitundu ekibasaanira mu matendekero aga waggulu okuva ku matendekero ga siniya. Texas Top 10% Plan, kyeyateeseteeseewo okukkiriza omuyizi yenna ali mu ttendekero ery'okususse essomero lyabwe, k'oba nga bingi. Okukola kino kweyongera ku nkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna naye kivuddemu okusobola okukakasa enjawukana z'enjawukana mu matendekero ga sikisi amangi, naddala singa amasomero ga waggulu gassomero gaakyaagobewa.

Okwejjukanya Obudde nga Tusalawo Okusalawo

Kooleji nnyingi ziyongera ku nkola zaabwe ez'okunoonyereza ku bipimo gamba ng'enkizo mulembe ogusooka, okuvvuunuka ebizibu, obuweereza mu kitundu, n'ebyo eby'enjawulo ebibaddewo mu bulamu. Essay n'ebbaluwa ezisemba zikola kinene nnyo. Ofiisi z'amaminsani zitendekebwa okuzuula "persence" ne "empeence" ng'ebiruubirirwa eby'omuwendo. Kyokka, abanoonyereza ku nsonga zino balabula nti emitindo gigoogerwa ku nsonga giyinza okukozesebwa amaka amagagga era nti tegisobola kusobozesa bayizi kutuuka ku buyigirize obwa waggulu.

Okuggyawo Ebiragiro by’Abasika n’Ebisaawe by’Abaddu

Ekimu ku ebyo ebireeseewo kwe kumalawo obusika bw'abaana ba alumni. Abawakanyi bagamba nti ebyo abaana bye baagala okuva mu busika biganyula nnyo abazungu n'abagagga era nga ngeri ya buwangwa. Oluvannyuma lw'enkola ya kkooti enkulu eya 2023, amakanisa agawerako gaalangirira nti abo abagitongodde baatongodde. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Hoslan University ne University of Minnesota system bye basazeewo bisobola okusumulula ebizitooweerero bya bayizi okuva mu magye, nga bwe kiragira ddala nti bye baagala bisobola okuvaamu ebiteesobozo.

Endowooza Abantu mu Nsi Yonna Ze Balina ku Kikolwa

Ng’oggyeko Amerika, ensi nnyingi zifunye enkola y’emu okugonjoola obusosoze mu byafaayo.

Buyindi

Buyindi y'emu ku nkola ezisinga obungi ezikolebwa mu bitundu by'ensi bingi, era nga erimu omuwendo gwa displayities (Eyali "Etasobola Kukwatibwa"), Studitionald, ne Cread Cridges. Obutundu buno buyambye nnyo mu kulongoosa obuyigirize obwa waggulu mu bibiina by'edda, naye nga bulimu okukattulula obukaadi, n'okufuga ebiwayi by'eby'obufuzi.

Brazil

Brazil yatuukiriza obutundutundu bw'enjawukana mu langi mu yunivasite z'omu 2000. Kkooti esinga obukulu mu ggwanga yawagira enkola eya ggystal ey'okukkiriza enjawukana mu 2012. Okuva bwe kiri nti mu Brazil, abasomi baayongeranga mu kugatta abaddugavu, ab'ebirabo, n'abayizi ab'ekika kya bookisi. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti obutundu bw'abayizi obusukka ku bwa namba ez'omulembe guno nga basomera wamu n'abo abatali ba mu nnukuta ezo naye nga baamaliriza ku kigero kye kimu.

South Africa

Oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enkola z'eby'enfuna ez'omu South Africa ez'omu langi, zaatandikawo enkola z'eby'enfuna n'eby'obuddukiro ebiva ku nkola y'obuyigirize n'emirimu. Gavumenti ya demokulase yanoonya okuzzaawo empandika ez'amaanyi ez'enjawulo ezaaleetebwa n'enjawukana mu langi. Enjigiriza za South Africa zikoppye enkola y'okutongoza obusosoze mu langi wadde nga wabaddewo okukajja mu n'okutuukiriza ebigendererwa byazo, naddala ku bikwata ku ku ku nkola y'aba langi n'Abayindi.

Ebiseera eby’Omu Maaso eby’Okuyigiriza

Mu kkooti enkulu eya 2023, ensala yagonjoolera ddala eky'okukwata amateeka, naye essira ly’okukolagana mu ngeri ez’enjawulo lisigala lya maanyi nnyo mu bifo bingi.

Programu ez'okuggyamu obusobozi n'okuyisa appline

Insumenti ziteeka akakwate mu nkola ez'okugoberera obuyigirize obusookedwako obuba bulaga oba obuwagizi abaana abakugu okuva mu bitundu gye baatandikira okusomera. Programu nga QuestBridge National College Parative ziteekamu okugatta obuyigirize obwa wansi obuva mu masomero aga waggulu. Ate era n'okunoonyereza ku masomero aga waggulu mu bifo ebitegekebwa abalondeddwa. Programu zino zikola ku kuzimba ekidiba eky'abayizi abajjukizi ab'enjawulo awatali kukolera ku misomo gya bannannyini.

Ebikolebwako mu mulimu gw'okutegeka ebikolebwako

Ekiragiro kino kiyamba abasawo okumanya ebizingirwa mu by'enkola eyo era ne bategeera abaana abaakulira mu bifo ebiwakanyizibwa. Enzigi ezimu zikozesa obupande obusinga obunene obuzingiramu obwavu, obuwandiisi n'embeera z'ab'omu maka.

Obubiina n’Eby’Amateeka eby’Eby’Obunnansi Ebyagenda Biddawo

Ebibinja ebirwanirira obuyigirize obwa waggulu byeyongera okukakaatika ku nkola z'abantu. Gavumenti ezimu zirowooza ku nkola ezikolebwa mu bitongole bya gavumenti okuzza obulabe obutuufu. Ate ebirala biwagidde abantu obutaddamu kwewaana oba okubaako kye bakolawo mu kuziyizibwa kwewala obusosoze mu mawanga oba okusabibwa. Ekitongole kya Amerika eky'Essomero kyawa obulagirizi ku nsonga y'okuvuganya enkalu n'okuvuganya, nga kiggumiza nti amakanisa agamu gakyalina okukkiriziganya ne Thetwe VI of Civil Rights Act, agakugira okusosola obusosoze.

fundikira

Obuyigirize kye kimu ku bintu ebyasinga okugobererwa era ne biwakanirwa mu myaka omukaaga egiyise. Wadde nga enkola y'amateeka ekyuse nnyo, ebiruubirirwa ebya nnamaddala, nga bireetawo obutali bwenkanya obwa nnamaddala, nga bisobozesa abantu okufuna omukisa ogw'enkyukakyuka, era nga bikozesa obulungi obuyigirize obwa waggulu. Ekkubo erigenda mu maaso litwetaagisa okubukwataganya, okunoonyereza okw'amaanyi, n'okweyamattulira ddala ekiva mu by'amateeka. Amakampuni bwe gat'amanyiira embeera y'eby'enkola mu biseera eby'edda, essira liteekwa okuteeka ku ku kukakasa nti obuyigirize obwa waggulu bukola ng'enkola ng'enkola eya waggulu ey'okutambula n'okuleetawo enkolagana ennungi mu bantu abangi be twagala okubeera.