Okutandika: Ensonga Lwaki Tusaanidde Okuwa Obulagirizi ku Bintu Ebikulu

Enteekateeka z'okugobereza obukiiko obukulu bukola enteekateeka okulaba nti amateeka agategekebwa okukuuma abaguzi, ennyimirira y'eby'enfuna, n'eby'obulamu gagobererwa. Singa tegalagira bannabyabufuzi kukola bintu bituukagana na bunywevu, era nga tegakyakola nakiragiro kibadde tegatuukiriza. Emyaka mitono egiyise gataddewo amateeka agazze gateereddwawo agateeberezebwa okulaga ebiva mu ku buteefu, okuzitooleka, okugateekako obutebenkera, n'okuteeka obwesige mu buli kimu ku bye tuba tukoze, gamba ng'ebyo ebiyinza okuteeka mu nkola enzitiro z'amagoba, obutongole eby'eby'eggwanga, n'enkola ku by'obulango.

Obugazi: Ebizimbe n’Ebizibu

Nga tetunnabuuka mu nsonga ezimu, kiba kirungi okutegeera embeera omuli amateeka agabafuga. Ekiragiro gamba nga Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFB), era bannamateeka bannabyabufuzi buli omu alina obuyinza ku bifo ebimanyiddwa. Okuwaliriza kuyinza okutwala engeri y'okubonerezebwa, okumenya amateeka, okukkirizibwa, oba okusalwamu mu bifo wekukolera. Obukwakulizo bwonna bwesigamye ku mateeka, era n'obukkulembedde nga businziira ku mateeka, byonna ebikolebwa, by'obukwasibuka businziira ku ku bukwanguzizo obubali mu maaso, era ne ku ku kubaako kyewandikiro ekibalira ddala.

Okunoonyereza ku 1: Volkswagen Eugss Scandel

Ebyafaayo n’Okuzuula

Mu Ssebutemba 2015, akakiiko akaawumbiddwawo Amerika kaawandiika ebbaluwa eraga nti kampuni eyo yali etaddewo programu ya kompyuta emanyiddwa nga “deat kyuma ” mu mmotoka eza diesel ezitundibwa mu Amerika. Programu eno yali esobola okulaba emmotoka bwe yabanga egeezebwa ebikookebwa, era ng'ekendeeza ku mitendera egiva mu muliro oguva mu kampuni ne gusobozesa okufulumya omukka gwa nitrojeni okuzza ebizimbe. Mu kiseera ekyo, ebidduka byagobeeta bye byatandika okuteeka mu mitendera nga 40 ku mu mateeka. Obukuusa obwo bwali bweyongera ku muwendo gwa ddo. Okuva mu 2009, bannasayansi baabyewabuzi mu West Virginia University Virginia nga bakola ku kabuuti zootaafu okuvumbula ebifulumya ebiwaatoosa.

Badduukirira mu Buwanguzi n’Omusango

Kkompani eyo yawaanyisa emisango gya maanyi nnyo mu 2017. Oluvannyuma Volkswagen yakkiriza okusaasaana mu Amerika, nga mw'otwalidde n'obuwumbi obusukka mu doola doola doola doola doola doola 200,000, okulongoosebwa kw'obutonde, n'okubonerezebwa mu bantu. Bakungu baavunaanibwa era kampuni eyo baavunaana bannannyini okuvunaana omusango olw'emisango gy'abamenyi b'amateeka mu 2017. Omusango era gwaviirako okujjulula emitemo gya diyoli era n'okukebera emitindo egikwata ku magye.

Bye Baayiga

  • '[[AKM:0] Kyeyoleka lwatu tekikkirizibwa. Obw'obw'obwannakyewa okusobola okukebera ebireetebwawo, kiba kyangu ababunnyonyola okusemba obukugukulembedde okusobola okusigala nga bakyakola okumala emyaka mingi. Abakulembedde bateekwa okuteeka mu nviro eziba zennyini ez'okugezesa n'okukulembeza mu mpagizo.
  • Obusobozi obufuga engeri gye bukozesebwamu buleetera omuntu okukwesiga, era obutabeerawo kwakwo kugisaanyaawo. Volkswagen ’ obukuusa mu bugenderevu bukomya omuteeyi gw'abaguzi si mu nvumbo yokka naye ne mu tekinologiya ow'ekika kya diyoli. Kampuni eziteeka essira ku bulombolombo obusinga okuteeka mu nkola eky'okwekwekebwa, obubenjebwa obuva mu kabi ak'okuzza enko.
  • Whistlebuner n'omunoonyereza biyinza okukwekebwa. Bye byazuulibwa okuva ku banoonyereza ku by'empewo so si munda mu ddoboozi ery'empewo. Abo abazuula ebiremereddwa okukolera awamu ne munda oba ebweru w'ekibiina, basobola okubitegeera mu bwangu.
  • Ebbeetuka ziteekwa kuba bintu. Omugwa gwa doola obuwumbi bwa doola [200,000] gwaweereza akabonero akalaga nti okubba ku sipiidi empanvu kuvaamu emiganyulo mingi okusinga miganyulo gyonna egiva mu kukola bizineesi.

Okunoonyereza 2: Ekiwuka ky’Amafuta Ekiyitibwa BP Deep Water Earth Ory Attonor

Ebyafaayo n’Ebiviirako

Nga Apuli 20, 2010, okubuubuuka kw'asaasaana ku lukunsi y'amazzi ewulu era nga kwakolebwa BP mu Gulf of Mexico, kwatta abakozi 11 era ne kutandikawo omutemwa gwa sayinsi munene mu byafaayo by'Amerika. Mu nnaku 87 ezaddako, emitwalo obukadde 4.9 egy'amafuta gaakululwa okuva ku kizinga kya Macondo nga tegannafiibwako. Okunoonyereza kwa Bureauganda of Oce Ener Management, Regipective and Enforcementmentment (BEMRE) ne National Commission ku BPweter Fiety Spill ne ku nnyanja y'ebukiika nga 87 kwalaga nti waguddewo: omulimu ogwakaluunya, okusoberwa kwa Brimu okukebwa, okuyisibwa obubi okuteendwa n'okuteendlebwa obutuufu, n'okusala obukyamu mu n'okukugirwa mu n'okuteendlebwa obunyootaanyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyinyi.

Badduukirira mu Buwanguzi n’Omusango

BP yayolekagana n'ebibonero ebisukka mu doola obuwumbi bwa doola z'Amerika obuwumbi bubiri nga mw'otwalidde ne doola obuwumbi bwa doola obuwumbi bwa doola obusukka mu obuwumbi bwa doola 500 mu Celean Water Act n'obuwumbi bwa doola obusukka mu obuwumbi 8 olw'okusaabuyambibwa mu butonde. Kampuni eyo yeewawaaza omusango nga mw'otwalidde n'okusussa abamenyi b'amateeka nga batte n'okuziyiza gavumenti. Era, okuyiwa okwo kwaviirako okuteekebwawo kwa poliisi mu kifo ekinene.

Bye Baayiga

  • Erisk eteekwa okubeera n'ebiwandiiko ebifuga enkola y'okukwata ebizingirwamu, so si ebyo ebiwandikidwa obukwasiddwa ku buwandiike. BP yalina enkola ey'okuteeka obulamu mu mpapula mu nkola elagira nti okukebera ku by'okwerinda ku kigero eky'ebbeeyi, tekuteekwa kubuusibwamu enfunda n'enfunda. Akawayiro aka '-C' ne fayiro gye kikolako kalina okuteekako amateeka agalagira nti buli mutindo gwa buli mulundi, nga buli we birembe bye byetaaga ebirembe ebiregwawo nga birebwako.
  • Ekiragiro obukwasi bw'abaddusi kiba kya kabi nnyo. Obuweereza bw'ekitongole ekikolera ku mikutu egikolera ku masannyalaze ga zzaabu ne gassaawa, nga mw'otwalidde n'abo abakolera ku birabo n'okwenyigira mu bikolwa eby'obugwenyufu, ebikolerwako biba bya kyetwala era nga bitegekebwa okusobola okukuuma obubenje mu maindasitale.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Entegeka ennungi ziteekwa okukeberwa. BPPrsquo; entegeka y'okuddamu tekumala era ne tekisemba kukozesa bukodyo bungi obw'okuyita mu kiwayirwa. Abakulembedde banno balina okusemba kampuni okusobola okutendeka ebizitoko ebyo era n'okulaga nti balina eby'okukozesa n'obukugu eby'okukola ku ngeri ezibi ennyo eziragiddwa mu mitwe.
  • Ebiva mu ntegeka ey'ebbanga n'eby'enfuna eby'ekiseera ekiwanvu bisobola okusukka ku kirowoozo ekisooka. [b'omulembe ennene:] BP yeeyongera okwolekagana n'ebbeeyi y'esasulira oba okuyonja. Ekyasooka kiraga nti okugoba obunene kw'enkola ku by'obudde tekitera kumanyibwa okumala emyaka mingi, ne kiviirako abakwasigirizi okugooza okukolebwa okuba ab'amateeka okukolebwa mu bwangu okusobola okuba ab'ensonga.

Okunoonyereza ku 3: Wells Fargo Eririyo Obukugu mu Kulonda Ebintu Ebiri mu Nsi

Ebyafaayo n’Okuzuula

Mu 2016, ekibiina ekiyitibwa Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, awamu ne Office of the Comptroller of the Lage and the City and County of Los Angeles, banka eyo yeesembeza ssente ezitakkirizibwa okutandikawo obukadde n'obukadde bwa doola z'Amerika. Banka eyo yeenyigidde mu nkola ey'okusumulula obukumi n'obukadde bw'obukumi bw'amasasimu n'obujulizi obwabulimu nga tebasoose kutegeera wadde okusemba. Abakozi bannannyini baaweresitoosi baa baateekanga obusasimu obw'enkomerero okutandikawo ebikongobero, nga babadde babadde babaddeko obujulizi bwa ssente ezikoberamu.

Badduukirira mu Buwanguzi n’Omusango

Kkooti eyo yakkiriza okusasula obuwumbi bw'obuwumbi bw'abamenyi b'amateeka okusobola okugonjoola ensonga. Ng'oggyeko ssente ezaasalibwawo, Wells Fargo yasabibwa okusasulira abaguzi ab'obulumi era n'okuyisa obusoloozaamu enkola zaabwe. Oluvannyuma banka yakkiriza okusasula obuwumbi bubiri obusukka mu buwumbi bubiri obusukka mu kkumi bwa ddoola ze baatwala mu ggwanga okusobola okuzzaawo ebiwandiiko bya CEO John Stumpf ne kasooketi y'ekkumi lya doola zennyini ze kireetaagibwa. Era yaleetera Kongres okuyisa amateeka agamu ku bye yazza mu nkola ebiteego eby'okusasula ebitongole ebitongole ebikola Dodd-Fractive Active, wadde nga ku nsonga y'okulongoosa kw'okuzza obulandukuuzi.

Bye Baayiga

  • Obuwangwa tebw'omulembe guba buzibu kukyusa ngeri gye guddukanyizibwamu; kiba kya kabi nnyo. Obuwangwa bw'eby'obusuubuzi mu Wells Fargo tebwagwaawo mu kabenje. Byakolebwa, byafugibwa, byagattibwamu, era ne byenyisiddwamu ebisasulwamu ebiwa empeera mu nteekateeka ez'ebbugumu ezaawereza ddoboozi erya waggulu naye nga tekulikeberezebwa kimala ku bulungi oba ku mpisa. Abafuzi bateekwa okukebera ebifa ku buwacukusi.
  • Abakozi abali mu mpandika y'obuseerezi balimu okwesasuza n'okukomyawo. Abakozi abamu bwe baba nga batya okwesasuza, n'okuvaako ab'obuwangwa. Abakozi mu mulimu ogwo bwe baba nga bagezaako okwewanyisa ebikolwa eby'obugwenyufu, obuwandiisi obubabulako obumenya amateeka, nga n'okulangirira alipoota ezikwata ku by'okugoba obusirikitu, biba byangu okukuliriza.
  • Ebisengeke ebya '[NKULA] bisaanidde okugendera awamu n'empisa ez'enjawulo. The “cross-salling ” empandika eyasinziirwako mu bugwenyuzi n'ebbona okutunda ebifiibwako. Abagabuzi balina okwekenneenya ebisawo ebisaasaanyizibwa, naddala mu bikolerwamu ebikolerwako ebiyinza okuteekako akabi mu n'ebikolerwako.
  • '[[NKULA]] Ensonga ezikwata ku nkola y'okukolagana wakati w'ekitongole. Empisa ezingiramu enkola etegese etegese empewo mu kivvu, nga zigoberera enkola ya gavumenti. Okukolagana okwo kwasobozesa enkola okugobererwa okusinga kiwandikiro kyonna okusobola okutuuka ku buwanguzi mu ngeri emu yokka.

Okusoma Ebikwata ku 4: Olugero Olugonzebwako Omugongo

Embeera y’Edda n’Eby’Okwesabisa

Enron Corporation, eyaliko omululu mu Wall Street ne Fortune 500, yakakasibwa mu Ddesemba 2001 oluvannyuma lw'okubikkulwa nti kampuni eyo yali yenyigidde mu bukumpanya obungi mu by'enkampanya. Enron yakozesa ebbanja ez'enjawulo okukweka amabanja era n'okujjuza amagoba. Kampuni ekola ssente enzijalabya ssente enzijanjaba ya Arthur Andrersen, eyakkiriza ebigambo eby'obulimba era oluvannyuma n'esaasa ebiwandiiko ebikwata ku mulimu gwayo. Amazima bwe gagwa, Enron &squo; ebbanja ly'omuwendo gwa ssente gwayo gwayo gwagwa okuva ku doola ezisukka mu 1,90 ku kusasulibwa ssente ezisukka mu emu ku ssente ze baaterekanga ku mulimu gwabwe ogwawummuzibwa.

Badduukirira mu Buwanguzi n’Omusango

Ekiwandiiko ekyo kyayisa ekiwandiiko ekyayita obuswazi mu 2002. Ekiragiro kino kyatandikawo ekibiina kya Public Company Accountation Overs Association Board (PCAOB), nga kiteeka ekiwandiiko eky'enkomeredde ku bukulembeze bwa bannakyewa, ekyalagira nti CEOS ne CFOS bakkiriziganyizza obulwoozese, era n'emisango egiva mu bukujjukujju gigattiddwa. Arthur neressen baavunaanibwa omusango ogw'okuzikiriza okumenya efemu, wadde nga oluvannyuma kkooti enkulu mu Senron yagibwamu, baavunaanibwa era ne basibibwa mu kkomera, nga mw'otwalidde ne CEffrey Sybie Syceling Syceman.

Bye Baayiga

  • Obw'obwannannyini buteekwa okukolebwako. Arthur Andersen yasoberwa nnyo era n'afuna ebisabiro ebimala okubuuza ebiva eri Enron ate era nga yeenyigira mu kugitegeera. Akakwanti aka Sarbanes-Oxley kekagaana kakolerwa okusanga abawabuzi abatali ba mu lukalala lwa ba ba biwandisi okusobola okuzuula ababa bakiyisizza. Abawandikiro abo beeyongera okula empango ez'ebbeeyi ez'ebisale bye bateekwa okusanga nga ziremesezza ebizitoota by'okukebera ebizikhwelwawo.
  • Ekiragiro kino kyalaga obwetaavu bw'amateeka n'okuteekawo amateeka ageesigamiziddwa ku misingi nga gawandiika ebipimo ebigenda mu maaso. Entron yakozesanga emmotoka ez'amaanyi ez'eby'ensimbi ezikkirizibwa mu mateeka naye nga zaategekebwa okubuzaabuza abateekamu ssente.
  • Ebitongole eby'enkola eya bulijjo biteekwa okuba nga bituukiriza obulabirizi obwa nnamaddala. Enron ’ abalabirizi ba badayirekita bakkiriza okugunjawo ebintu okuva ku 'minust' ne bakyusa enkola za kampuni ’ eno ye mpisa mu biseera ebiwerako. Agumenti ezeeyambidde ddala ez'obusobozi n'obuyinza okusoomooza bannaazo tezikolako kiyinza kulondoola ngeri y'okwekuumamu.
  • [[[Akawulu:0] Obukuumi obuva ku nteeko bw'amakonko bukulu nnyo. Abakozi bangi baaterekanga ssente zaabwe ezaakozesebwa kuwummula ku mulimu nga tebamanyi kabi akali mu kampuni. Wadde nga waliwo ebikukuuma ku bukulembeze bw'ekitongole kya kampuni, era nga bibadde bikulu nnyo mu kunoonyereza ebikwata ku ku kugatta emirundi ebiri mu nsi ne mu kabi ak'okufiirwa obulamu.

Okunoonyereza ku 5: Okusalawo Okusinga sigala

Ebyafaayo n'Ebyafaayo

Mu 1998, abannamateeka 46 bassa omukono ku Master Settlement Agreement (MS) ne kampuni ennya ezinene eza ssigala mu Amerika. Mu kiseera kya mulembe guno, bannamateeka 46 baasalawo okusala emisango gy'ensimbi gye baayisa okusobola okuzzaawo ssente z'obulwadde obuleetebwa sigala. Kampuni ezo zakkiriza okusasula obuwumbi bwa doola z'Amerika nga 25 okukugira okulanga ebitongole ebitunda n'okutunda ssigala, naddala ebyo ebiteesiteesi, n'okugoba amakolero agakola amabuttunja agakozesebwa okumanyisaawo enkolagana wakati w'obulwadde n'obulwadde bwa ssigala.

Badduukirira mu Buwanguzi n’Omusango

MSA teyagoberera enkola y'okugaliza abaami; era yakolera wamu ne bannamateeka ba gavumenti nga bakozesa amateeka agafuga enkola ey'okukuuma abaguzi, n'amateeka agaziyiza abasuubuzi. Endagaano eyo yaleetawo bingi nnyo. Yakyusa ekifo eky'okutumbula ebintu bya ssigala, okuggyawo ebipande ebisaawe by'okunywa sigala nga Joe Camee. Era yateekawo ekitongole ekikakasa nti gavumenti zigenda zitandika okuteeka amateeka agakwata ku ssigala. Oluvannyuma, enteekateeka y'amaka okusobola okumanyisa ebikolebwa mu ngeri y'okusiibya sigala.

Bye Baayiga

  • Abakwasi ba mateeka abawerako basobola okutuukiriza ekyo ekiwandikiro ekimu kye kitasobola. Massawa yalaga nti bannamateeka ba gavumenti abakolera awamu basobola okukola bizineesi ezitakkirizibwa mu biseera bya mulembe. Ekiragiro kino kiragibwa nga kigeragerageranya opioids, ebiba byabumanyibwa obutereevu n'obut'oobwa bassocison.
  • Ebipimo ebiyinza okuyamba mu kukyusa kkopi y'ebizimbe oba mu makolero, bisobola okuyamba mu kukyusa ebizimbe ebizimbiddwa. Enkkomo ezikkirizibwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'okusaasaanyizibwa kw'ebibiina ebikola emirimu, zisobola okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'olubeerera mu makolero agasukka ku bibonero. Abagoba amateeka gago baleme kubaamu enkola eziziyisa mu ngeri ey'okweyisa obulungi.
  • Obujjanjabi n'okusala emisango bisobola okunywezagana. MSA yasookawo emyaka mingi nga binoonyezeddwako abajjanjabi oba nga banoonyerezebwa ku by'obulamu. Omusango gulaga nti okukakanyala kusinga okuba okw'omuganyulo singa kubaako abawagizi abangi abasobola okuwa obujulizi.
  • Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa enkola ey'okulabiriza ebbanga eddeyo oba ery'ekiseera ekiwanvu. Mu nkola eya MSA mu nkola ezikolebwa okusobola okulaba nti omulimu gukola n'okugoberererwa okubigonjoola. Ekiragiro bwe kikkiriza endagaano tezibaamu n'obubonero obw'okukukkiriza okuteeka mu nkola ezikolebwa ku biseera eby'omuddiringi, ebivaamu biba tebikyakola oba nga tebikyakola.

Emitwe Egitera Okukozesebwa: Emitwe Egikwata ku Mitawaana Egikkirizibwa

Wadde nga buli kikolwa kino kizingiramu enkola ez'enjawulo, nga n'ebintu eby'enjawulo bibaamu ebintu ebiba bimanyiddwa, obwewagguzi bulina okubaamu ebintu ebiwerako. Ekisooka, obuwangwa bw'abakulu bwe buba bulaga nti omuntu alina okukola bulungi ku nsonga z'eby'eby'enfuna okusinga enneeyisa ye. Ekyokubiri, okulabiriza kulina okulabiriza, okukebera, oba okukebera okusobola okukebera ebikolebwa mu ngeri ey'okusatu. Ekirabo, okubonerezebwa kiteekwa okuba kya maanyi ne kiremesa ne kiremesa kampuni ekola y'emu. Ekyokusatu, enteekateeka z'okukwata ku bannakyewandikiro ziyongera okuba nga zikola bulungi. Ekyokubiri, si kye kimu ku ebyo ebikolebwa mu bibiina ebikwata ku banna, oba ebiwandikiro bye byekeberebwa n'okukeberebwa obuteebbo.

Amagezi Amalungi eri Abawi b’Ebiragiro n’Abakozi

Okusinziira ku bye bayize mu kunoonyereza kuno, abafuzi bateekwa okuteekawo enkola mu bukwasi bw'obukwasi bw'obukwasi bw'amateeka okulaba obanga obukujju oba obusobozi obuba bulaga nti obukumpanya buteekeddwa okulaga nti obuwagizi tebuli ku mpapula kyokka naye nga bukola. Kampuni ezikola emirimu nga zikola mu mabuuti, zikakasa nti abakuba amasasimu tebamanya manyandi tebooleka linnya lya muntu era nti abakuba amapiira tebaba tebeeyisa bulungi.

Mu ngeri y'emu, tekinologiya ow'ennono abadde agwana okukozesebwa ennyo, abafuzi babadde bagezaako okuzuula engeri ez'enjawulo eziyinza okukolebwa mu by'ensimbi. Mu kiseera kye kimu, omulimu gw'okuzuula ebikwata ku nkula y'ebyuma eby'okuyimba gyegusobola okukozesebwa nga bakebera ebisale by'ensi, ebireetebwa mu mikutu gy'eby'amaguzi, n'eby'obusuubuzi. Ebiseera eby'omu maaso bya bannasayansi bateeka ku nkola y'ebyuma ebyo nga bagoberera enkola y'okugooofiiriza ebintu.

Olugero: Okuzimba E sisitemu ey’Okuzikiririzaamu

Kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu kitundu kino kwalaga nti abakwasisa enkola ey'okubonereza bannassaayansi ababi tebakoma ku kuteekawo nkola eya sipiidi. Volkswagen kyalaga nti akatyabaga ak'okussawo obutereevu kayinza okulemererwa. Buli mukolo gwa ddutu gulaga nti okuddukanya enkola y'okukuuma obudde obw'obuzibu tekulina kuba kwa makulu. Wells Fargo kyongera okulaga nti abantu n'empeera bye baagala. Entron yayongera ku bwetaavu bw'okwemalirira oba okutegeeza obukulembedde mu by'embalimba. Toba yakakasa nti enkola ya shmatood tegwanga esobola okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu n'okuteeka mu nkola. Buli nsonga ewandikiro zisobola okuteeka mu nkola amagezi, era n'okugobeeyambiza ebitongole eby'amaanyi.