Enjigiriza y’Obufumbo mu Ireland

Ekiragiro kino bwe kyali tekinnaba kukolebwa mu Maayi 2018, etteeka erikuuma data liragira enkola y'okukuuma ebizimbe bya Ireland, lyatandika kugoberera enkola y'obukwasiro bwa CD mu mwaka gwa 1995 EUM DEC Protection Directive. Amateeka gano agasooka gaateekawo emisingi egiyamba okuteekateeka embalirira eb'omuntu kinnoomu naye ne galeka amagezi agatali gamu mu bitundu by'omu Bulamu. Okusingira ddala, Act 2003 yatandikawo enkola ey'okusaza obuwagizi bwa ssaayansi mu bitundu bya Yuropu nga kikkiriza nti omuntu asumulula ddembe lya buli muntu kinnoomu. Kyokka, amateeka gaateekawo enkola ereeteesiteesimbye amatwayo, ne gasobola okugobera mu bitundu ebiri mu Bulaayansi bwa Bulaayani.

GDPR, era n'okussaawo ebiruubirirwa eby'okugobera abafuzi n'abakugunja 2016/EU699, kyateeka akabonero ku ddembe ly'okukyusa mu ngeri y'okukuba kampuni. Teyanyweza bufunyi bwa buli muntu kinnoomu — nga eddembe ery'okusasula fayiro, obujulizi, n'okumanyibwa okw'enjawulo okukiikibwawo ekyetaagisa — naye era era n'ekiragiro ekiteekeddwawo ku bannaawereza bannaazo n'abalabirizi b'amakompulizi. Ireland, ng'amateeka agafuga n'eddembe erya bulijjo awamu n'enkola entegeka y'enkyukakyuka mu mateeka mu mateeka. Act 2018 yakakasibwa okwongera ku mateeka ag'okumanyisa obutongole obukkirizibwa mu GDPR, n'okutegeeza obulambe obw'okuva mu bitundu by'amasaza, n'okugobeempala, nga mu kiseera kyawanjula, dayiro, nga kiwanjula obulagirizi obusinga obungi mu nkola y'ekitongole kya Irrikiti ekya waggulu mu Ireland. . projentic. projer

Okusalawo kkooti enkulu era kwakyusa endowooza y'enjigiriza mu nsonga eno. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Kkooti ya Juji mu European Union (CJEU) efuga mu Google Spain vs. AEPD ne Mario Costeja Gonzáleg [] [2020]) kyeyakola nga ‘ obwannaalyo okwerabirwa, enkola ya bannamawulire bwe baateeka mu nkola ebibakwatako. Ebibonero byagwo biraga engeri gye bannamawulire gye baabye nga bakola ku bintu ebyayita edda. Schrems IIs]s] Ekiragiro ekyakwakulibwa mu EUNICUS, kiyinza okuleetera ebibagirwa mu mikutu egiva mu nsi yonna oba ebiva mu n'ebitundu byayo. Bino biraga nti, okukyusibwa okuva ku mulimu kikolebwa mu kifo kya munnanyiikibwa munnalyo.

Endagaano Ekwata ku by’Etteeka mu Kununula Abantu

Akatundu 85 ak'empandika eya GDPR kokka nga k'etaaga okuva ku masaza agatali gamu okusobola okutaasa eddembe lya data n'eddembe ly'okukozesa nga buwagizi bwa mpuliziganya. Okutuukiriza ekiragiro kya Ireland kiragibwa mu bujjuvu mu Part 3, Essuula 2 ey'e Data Protection Act 2018 (Emiteesitendo 35,4444). Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa abantu obutabaako w'okyogera ku lukusa olusingako lw'amakwaso — nga mw'otwalidde n'oteeka ebiwandiiko ebikkirizibwa okumenya enzijjuvu ebizingirwamu, n'okunoonyereza ebikwata ku data nga bituukiriza ebigendererwa bya bannabizineesigibwa ne nnannyini akkiriza nti okusasula ebiteesookebwa tekikontana na bigendererwa.

Mu ngeri ey'enjawulo, ebigambo “obutuuze obwa vidiyo” binnyonnyolwa bulungi. Mu kawyiro 36 ak'omu Kitundu 2018 Act, bizingiramu“okufulumya munnamawulire, eby'amaguzi, eby'okuyimba oba eby'okuwandiika.” Kino kizingiramu ebibiina by'ebyuma ebitongole eby'enjawulo, abannamawulire, n'abazannyi ba firimu, kasi nga banyigivu mu mirimu gy'alembedde mu bugazi. Kkooti za Ireland teziwandiikisizzaako bukakafu ku makulu ga makulu ga makulu g'ennyinyonnyonnyonnyola eno, naye era zitwaliramu n'obulagirizi obusooka okuva ku DPC ne ku mateeka mu mpalo ezibadde wansi w'obukulembeze bwa 1988/2003, obuwandikiro obukkebereberye mu Kulemberwamu ku kko, so si ku ky'ensonga ey'omulembereza. Ng'omukungu oyo awonera mu ku ku kkago, alipoota y'omukungu aw'omulembedde.[FF.]

Wadde nga bannamawulire bakkirizibwa okusazaamu omulimu guno, balina okugoberera ebisaanyizo ebiwerako. Balina okuba n'endowooza nti basobola okusazaamu omulimu ogwo, babeere nga bakuuma emirala egiva ku data gye gukkirizibwa, era nga bakakasa nti omulimu ogwo gulina kye gukola. DPC ewandisizza obuyinza ku buteetwayo obwa lisiti[, obukubiriza ebibiina by'abannamawulire okugoberera emitindo egikuuma obubaka n'okutuukiriza enzivuzibwe. Okulemererwa okutuukiriza ebiruubirirwa eby'okuwanjufubya mpulizo, kiyinza okuteeka mu bibonero ebikulu — nga 4% ku buli mwaka ku buwumba oba obukadde 20, obusinga obukulu obwa waggulu — okusobola okutegeera ensalo z'amateeka.

Ebyakwata ku Kunoonyereza ku Butabo bw’Eby’Obunnabbi

Ekiragiro kino kitwaliramu okukuŋŋaanya obuwumbi bwa data nga kikozesa obunene obwa GDPR. Etteeka erifuga engeri y'okukekkereza obubaka, okukendeezako, n'obuteerekereza bisobola okukontana n'obujulizi obumala obwakamalako. Bannamawulire bayinza obutamanya binaakwata ku butaka bwa data ebinaagoogerwako, oba ekiseera ekiwanvu kyenkana wa we banaagyetaagira okugikuuma. Omukuŋŋaanya w'ebiwandiiko ayinza okukuŋŋaanya obutundu obukumi bwa fayiro nga yeeyambisa empee zonna ze ziba zireeteereddwa. Mu kunoonyereza ng'okwo, bye banoonyereza kuyinza okusaasaanyizasa ebizibwa mu myaka mingi nnyo okusobola okubunyisibwa mu mateeka.

Ekyetaagisa okusobola okukkirizibwa, era kisoomooza. Okunoonyereza kwa bannamawulire kuzibu okusingira ddala okwesigamye ku “bigaso ebisikiriza” oba ku“ kwewala abantu okusasulwa, naye byombi byetaaga okumanya obulungi. Munnamawulire alina okulaga nti kyetaagisa okuteekateeka ebikolebwako era nti ebiruubirirwa oba eddembe ekkulu eby'ensonga tebyetaagisa okuggyako abantu bye baakirimu. Okugezesa okutegeeza abantu abaliko obwangu, gamba ng'abakubi ba mapeere, oba abaana. Kkoogye za IVF.[FFLT]CF:[1][200][200]

Okufuna Ebiwandiiko oba Eddembe ly’Okubuulira

Bannamawulire batera okwesiga ennyo eddembe (FOI) akakwakkuliro ka 2014 okufuna lipoota eza gavumenti. Kyokka, GDPR ereeseewo obuzibu obw'amaanyi: ebibiina bya gavumenti biyinza okugaana ebiwandiiko nga bitegeeza nti obwangu bwa kiwandikiro busobola okumenya emisingi egikwata ku ndagiriro. Ofiisi y'ekitongole ekikola ku by'amakulu, etegeeza nti okufulumya empapula eziba ziwandikiddwa nga ziwandikiddwa mitwe emitwe essatu egitali gimu, nga zisobola okumenya amateeka ga gavumenti. Mu kugiteekako aw'ensonga enkulu, bannamawulire bateekwa okujjuza emirundi mingi nga bategeeza nti okufulumya empapula oba okufulumya empapula ezibamu ebibakongobookerwamu. Okunoonyereza okwo kuyinza okukolebwa [FFFLY][FFF1]

Okusobola okumanya ensonga eno, bannamawulire balina okumanyira ddala Ekitundu 37 eky'ekirala eky'enjongo ekya FOI Act, ekiwa obujulizi obutamanya bibye okuggyako nga ayagaliza abantu obwabwe obusinga eddembe ly'omuntu kinnoomu. Muwabuzi w'ebiwandiiko eby'enjigiriza yateekawo “okugezesa kwa kakwate eri abantu bonna” era nga alowooza ku bintu gamba ng'amaanyi agali mu nsonga, oba nga waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti waliwo ekibi. Bannamawulire bangi mu Savvy bakkirizisa ku bye baagala FOI nga banenya abantu, nga bawawawawaanya ensonga eziba ziyamba omuyi w'ensonga eziba ziyamba okupima ekkubo mu kulaga nti ebibakwata ku ku kukkiririmu.

Okukuuma Abo Abali mu Kiseera eky’Okuti

Ekimu ku bizibu eby'amaanyi ebibeera wansi w'e GDPR kwe kukuumibwa kwa bannamawulire. Ebbeeyi ya GDPR ewa obuyinza okulaba nti tepikulizo zibeera nga nnywevu, naye era ewa abo abalina data eddembe okuzuula ebibakwatako nga bawandiise sipiidi (Qualicle 15). Kino kibaleetera obutategeera: ensibuko eyinza okutegeeza okufunibwa munnamawulire okufuna obubaka bwe bukwata ku bantu abo, okulaba oba okumanya ebiwandiiko ebirala ebibakwatako, nga baayunja enzi oba obulagirizi obubakwata ku nsonga ezibakwatako. Mu Ireland, Data Protection Act 2018 ewandikibwe nga kibawandikiddwako omuntu obutakkirizibwa kutuuka ku ddembe lya munnamawulire okutambula. Kyokka, abo abawaabinvuwa b'amasiro ge bokka okukola ku nsonga ezibalwa mu manya ga Buwanjulansi — ebibalwa mu buwandiikibwa, nga bannabunoonyereza.

Obusobozi bwa metaayi nabwo obw'okunaawula ku nkola endala. Ebiwandiiko eby'omu ssimu, amalogi ga nnukuta, ne mikutu gya kompyuta bisobola okubikkula ensibuko z'empuliziganya wadde nga ebiwandikiddwa bikuumibwa. Bannamawulire mu Ireland beeyongera okufuna eby'okukozesa eby'empuliziganya ebikuumibwa gamba nga Signal, ProtonMailse, ne Tails, naye eby'omu mateeka wansi wa mpuliziganya , ekiragiro kino kikubiriza ebiteeso okujjukanya [-'amasaza gamu n'amasaza gamu mu 'ENKUGUNIRW'. Olwo kiteekwa okusuubira nti amateeka gaabwe gayinza okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa mu myaka ebiri ebiri. Olwo olukalala olwo, bannamawulire bannaayuzi bateekwa okulowooza nti amateeka gaabwe gayinza okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa oba okukyungibwa mu nsonga endala mu ngeri y'obutuufu. K'obuyinza mu gavumenti ya Ireland kitegeka nti, era ne mu kifo kya g'ekitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekitongole ekipya kiwandimu eky'ekigo mu

Okukwata Ebiseera Bye Wekka n’Ebisinga Okusikiriza Abantu: Obubonero Obukwata ku Kintu

Obusosoze wakati w'enkalo ezikkirizibwa mu bantu bokka era n'enkizo ezikuba ku ddembe mu bifo eby'omu butonde ebya bulijjo, bukebereddwa mu kookolo ez'omu Ireland ez'omu waggulu. Ekimu ku ebyo eby'enjawulo kiri nti Byrne v. RTÉ & ORTS[2009]] IESC, olukumbo olumu kkooti enkulu gye lwagamba nti etteeka erya nfuge lirina okugwana ku ddembe ery'okwewatulira ebyama, era nti okwagala eri bonna okwandireeteddwa ku nsonga ezimu ezikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku muntu kinnoomu ezizingirwamu. Kko kino kyateekawo eky'enkola eky'okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikwata ku bannannyini ofiisi.

Gye buvuddeko awo, kkooti enkulu mu Fantgerald v. The Irish Times (2021] EEHC 456 yagamba nti empapula z'amawulire ziyinza okuwalirizibwa okumanyisa oba nga waliwo omuntu atamanyiddwa erinnya. Kkooti eyo yawandiisa obujulizi obwa “enkyukakyuka” wansi w'Akakiiko 8 (ku ludda olwa nnannyini) mu Convention on Human Rights era n'esalawo nti eddembe lya munnamawulire okulwanirira enzikirizi teriva ku ddembe ly'omuntu amenyebwa mu ngeri ey'okwewala okuzuula omuntu atalina musango. Omusango gulaga nti okugoba okwo tekulemesa bannamawulire kufulumya nsonga, naddala bwe bawaba nga bawandisizza mu nsonga enkulu ezifulumya ebifulumya ebifulumya ebifuluma. Ebyo biwayusizza mu ku ku kulabula okumanyisa mawulire mu ngeri ey'enneeyisa mu ngeri ey'ensonga ey'ensonga ey'ensonga ey'ekuusa.

Mu 2019, munnamawulire yanoonyereza mu bifo omulambuza bannamukadde gye baddukanya; alipoota yawa kamera ez'ekyama naye n'eraga nti okunoonyereza ng'okunoonyereza kuyinza okukontana ne GDPR. Mu 2019, omukuŋŋaanya w'amawulire yagezaako okunoonyereza ku bantu abali mu bitundu by'omu Ireland gye balabirira bannamukadde. Alipoota yawangulwa nti okunoonyereza kulaga obanga ebifaananyi by'abantu abali mu mbeera eyo byagala obwavu byatuuka ku kigero kya waggulu nnyo okusinga eddembe ly'abantu abali mu bifo ebyo okuyita mu kifo ekyo kyokka. Abawandiisi baakirizza obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okunoonyereza ku nkuumi nga tebanna kunoonya bujulizi, ekiwandiiko ekiraga nti ensonga lwaki ensonga eyo terimu namu butono.

Enkizo ez’Okunoonyereza n’Okwesiga

Wadde nga okusoomooza okwo kungi, amateeka agakwata ku bukuumi bwa data gawa emitindo gya Irland egy'okunyweza emitindo gyago egy'empisa. Okunoonyereza kwa GDPR kukwatagana n'emisingi gya maphepha n'obuwanguzi. Ebibiina by'amawulire ebigoberera enkola za data ezikwata ku nkolanyanyanyanyanyanyanya, gamba nga okunnyonnyola engeri gye zigikwatamu, era n'okukuuma mitwe gyabyo ku buwandiisi okuva ku musingi gwa ddoomulembe n'ogw'abasomi baagisoma. Okunoonyereza okwa GREERPR kunoonyereza kwapeza nti obwesige mu mawulire bugenda bweyongera okukendeera mu nsi yonna, naye okulabika kw'okulambika kw'eby'ebyumauma bya data kye kimu ku nsonga eziyinza okukyusa endowooza eyo.

Bannamawulire mu Ireland basobola okukozesa etteeka erikuuma obubaka nga kiyamba mu kukubiriza lipoota. Ng'ekyokulabirako, singa olugero lubaamu ebikwata ku muntu atali muntu muwanyisi, munnamawulire ayinza okukuba “amayembe eri abantu nga tegannafuluma” nga tannaba kufulumya, era nga yeetegereza akabi akayinza okuvaamu eri abantu ne bataganyulwa mu bantu. Okuwandiika ekigezo kino kikuuma mu kiseera kino nga munnamawulire ategeezezza ekirango eky'okukuba DPC oba eky'ekikolwa ekya gavumenti. Abatunzi bangi basaasaanya obubaka bwabwe ku Internet ne bawa abasomi b'okutereeza oba okusiibya data zaabwe, naye nga teboogera ku ngeri y'okukkiririzaamu abawandiisi.

Ate era, ebireetebwawo okumanya ebizingirwa mu kukuuma data bisobola okuleetera abo abafuna obusobozi obw'okubiko. Amawulire okuteeka mu biyingizibwa ebyakongojjedwa mu ngeri enneekusifu, nga gassawo empandika eza dipulogi mu mpandiika ez'enjawulo, n'obukalu obuli mu mpandika eza kiwandikiro, obuttumbula obusooka ku bufunze bwa bunnaago. Obukodyo obwo busobola okusobozesa obutundutundu obwa department obwa Interraticpolatement of era n'okuyimirimu mu ku ku kukozesa eby'okusengeka ebitabo ebisobola okuzuula ebizingirwamu.

Ekyetaagisa ekyetaagisa DDPI nga tebannaba na kukola kintu kyonna kiyinza kuleetera bannamawulire okulowooza ennyo ku kabi akayinza okuvaamu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, bannassaayansi abanoonyereza ku ngeri gye bakolaganamu n'obukumpanya bayinza okukitegeera nti omulimu gwabwe guyinza okuba ogw'okumenya oba okuwugula. Bwe babaako bye baagala okukola, basobola okuteeka mu nkola eby'obukulembedde nga bamanya oba nga bye bawandisizza bikendeeza ku kabi akayinza okubakolako singa bayingiza data empandika.

Enkyukakyuka Eziyinza Okukolebwa Bannamawulire mu Ireland

Okusobola okumanya engeri gye tuyinza okukuumamu obubaka, bannamawulire mu Ireland balina okuba nga bagoberera enkola eya bulijjo ekwatagana n'okukola emirimu egikolebwa ku nsi.

Okugoberera enkola eno tekireetawo bukuumi ku kusoomooza mu mateeka, naye kikendeeza nnyo ku kabi ak’okukakasibwa era n'okukkiriza okunywevu.Akakiiko akayitibwa DPC kakiraze nti kyetaagisa enkola etegeerekeka ey'okukwata obubaka nga bukyali obw'obuvunaanyizibwa.

Ebiseera eby’Omu Maaso eby’Okukuuma Obulyi bw’Enjawulo n’Obuwulizi bw’Ebitundu eby’Omu Maaso

Bwe tutunuulira ebinaakolebwa mu maaso, ebiwerako bijja kukyusa enkolagana wakati w'obukwafu bw'amannya n'obulango obwa Irlands. Ekisooka, ekiteeso ky'ekikola ku Data y'ensi n'empandika y'emu ey'e Bulaaya esobola okusobozesa omulimu okutegeeza abantu bye baagala, ebinaaganyula bannamawulire. Ebiragiro bino bisobola okuteekawo enkola empya ez'omu mateeka okusobola okuzuula obubaka obubeera mu bitongole bya gavumenti ne kampuni eza bantu kinnoomu, singa data eyo emalibwa buwandiikibwa oba nga zikwasibwa bukuumi bwa maanyi. Mu kiseera kye kimu, batandikawo obuvunaanyizibwa obupya obw'okukuuma ebyamaguzi n'ebintu ebisookerwamu.

Ekyokubiri, enkola ey'okunoonyereza ebikwata ku nkola y'obusobozi bw'abantu (AI) ekulaakulanye. AI akawayiro kano kaleetera ekiragiro okukebera ebifa ku data, omulembe ogumu, era n'obw'abawuliriza okukebera ebifa ku muntu kinnoomu. AU AKI etegekebwa nti mu nkola y'emu ey'omulimu gwa empapula ekozesebwa bannamawulire mu ngeri ya pulogulamu n'okunoonyereza ku ngeri nti ebyo ebikolebwa mu empapula z'amawulire bisobola okukolebwa mu ngeri y'enkola y'emu. Kino kiyinza okukwetaagisa okumanyisaanyisa enkola ya AI okusobola okukakasa nti ebintu ebyo eby'okuyingiza mu empapula bigendera ku mawulire bikwatagana ne GDPR ne AU egenda okujja. Kino kikwetaagisa okulaba nti enkola y'okunnyonnyola enfunze mu ngeri ekolebwa AUI.

Ekyokusatu, okulondoola okw'empaka kweyongera obungi. omuwendo gwa bannakyewa gugenda gweyongera era n'emiwendo egiwandiikiddwa mu myaka egyakayita, nga mwe muli amasanyu obukadde obuwumbi-225 aga lwisana ne ky'ewayitidde mu 2021 okusobola okulabira ddala. Bwe watabaawo, ekiragiro kino tekikola nga ssaayansi, kiraga nti DPC mwetegefu okuteerawo abawandiikizi ebibonerengo eby'enkomeredde mu nkola y'enkola ya kompyuta etali ya mukutu gwa muwandikiro, naddala oluvannyuma lw'okusindika data wakati wa Ireland ne UK (kati w'eggwanga eryokusatu) kiba kyetaagisa obukuumi nga Standard Contractic Classicals oba obuwandikiro mu lukalala.

Ku nkomerero, gavumenti ya Ireland egenda mu maaso n'okwetegereza ekiwandiike ekiwandiikiddwa nti tekirina data. Okukyusa mu bitabo ebiwandiikiddwa kiyinza okuleetawo “obuzibu obw'amaanyi” obufaananako bw'amateeka g'omu UK, obusobola okukendeeza ku ebyo ebisiigibwa ekiwandiikibwa ekiwandiikibwa erinnya ery'obukujjukujju. Kyokka, enkyukakyuka yonna eteekwa okukolebwa mu ngeri ey'amagezi okwewala okuteeka mu ntegeka ya kyamannyo.

fundikira

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa bannamawulire obutateekako nkola nkola ya njawulo mu nkola zaabwe. Amateeka ga data agakwata ku bukuumi bwa gavumenti mu Ireland gagoberedde emitindo emikulu nnyo mu kukwata data, kyokka era gawa abantu obutateekamu kampuni mu nkola ya demokulase. Ekisobozesa bannamawulire okutegeera nti baawyiro tebeewa buwanguzi mu mateeka era nti bagoberera obulagirizi obugo ku mirimu gya EUNIC. Nga bateeka obwesige mu tekinologiya, ne mu kunoonyereza ku butali butali buzibu, era nga bannamawulire ba Irlands beeyongera okunnyonnyola n'okumenya eddembe lyabwe. Era, mu ngeri eyo, bateeka obwesige mu n'okuteeka mu bujulizibwe mu bya tekinologiya, ne mu kubaako bye bawandiisa mu bya bannamawulire mu Ireland nga bawandisizza mu kubuuza ku n'okuwandiika ebibakwata ku ddembe. Era, bannaayongera okunnyonnyola ensonga zaabwe mu mateeka ez'omutikyungi.