Table of Contents

Thomas Jefferson, omu ku bantu abaatwalibwa mu byafaayo bya Amerika, y'omu ku abo abaatwalibwa mu kifo eky'amaanyi mu byafaayo bya Amereka. Olugendo olwo olw'amaanyi lwe yatambula lwakyusa ebyafaayo bya Amerika. Mu kwolesebwa, enteekateeka ze ennungi, n'okweteekateeka ennyo okulambula ebugwanjuba, byakyusa omulimu ogwali guyinza okuba nga gukulu mu lugendo olunene mu byafaayo by'ensi. Ssente Jefferson ze yawaayo tezaali zikkiriza lugendo olwo kugenda olwo olwo. Yakyusa buli kimu ku mawulire ge yalina okulonda abakulembeze baago okunnyonnyola ebiruubirirwa bya sayansi, okusobola okuwanirira ebiwandiiko bya sayansi, n'okuteekawo amateeka agaayamba abantu b'okumanyisa obulembedde mu nsi okusobola okugaziyanjula okutuusa emirembe egina.

Jefferson kye Yayagaliza Abantu b'Ebugwanjuba

Wadde nga yali tamanyidde ddala kutwala nnyanja Louisiana Purchase, Thomas Jefferson yali yeetegekera okulambula Amerika ow'ebugwanjuba era n'azuula ekkubo ery'enjawulo eriyita mu Asiya. Kino kyaleetera abantu okwagala ennyo mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba, era tekwali kusikiriza kwa kaseera buseera, wabula okwagala okw'amaanyi okwatwala Jefferson okumala emyaka mingi. Wadde nga Jefferson yali tagenzengako mayiro asukka mu ataano okuva e Monticello, yali yeerowoozesezza ku ttwale lya Missispi era yanoonyereza ku kitundu ekyo mu myaka ebiri egyayita, ng’agezaako n'okutuusibwa obuwabuzi obw'okutumbula obutuufu.

Jefferson yatandika okwagala ennyo okulambula ebugwanjuba. Ng'omuyizi omuto, yamanya endowooza ezikwata ku kugaziwa kw'ebugwanjuba okuyitira mu musomesa we, Reverend James Maury, eyali yeenyigidde mu kuteekateeka olugendo olw'okugenda ekkalu y'ebugwanjuba mu kompanyi etegekebwa e redheed. Kino kyamusobozesa okusimba ensigo mu biseera by'obulamu bwa Jefferson. Mu myaka gya 1780 ne 1790, Jefferson yalemererwa okugezaako okubunnyeenya ebugwanjuba, buli kinyweza obuteesobozi bwe okulaba nga American West enoonyezebwa era nga bweyaga.

Ensigiro z'ekibiina kya Corps of Discovery zateekebwawo Thomas Jefferson bwe yasisinkana John Ledyard okwogera ku lugendo olwali luteereddwa okugenda mu bukiika kkono bwa Pacific mu mwaka gwa 1780. Mu 1802, Jefferson yasoma ekitabo kya Alexander Mackenzie ekya 1801 ekikwata ku lugendo lwe olw'ebwerunyi mu Canada mu bitundu bya Pacific; magazini zino ezaanoonyereza zaayamba okusalawo okutandikawo ekibiina ky'Amerika ekisobola okutuuka ku Pasifike ku bukiikaddiri bw'omuyaga. Jefferson okukimanya olugendo olw'oku Amereka Amerika, lwakubirizibwa olw'amalala era n'okukakasa nti e Bungereza oba amawanga amalala amalala ga Bulaaya gajja kufuga ebitundu by'ebugwanjuba.

Obukulu bw’Ebitundu eby’Ebugwanjuba

Nga yeesiga Amerika okugaziwa ebugwanjuba okusobola okukakasa nti ewali obuwangwa obulungi, Jefferson yabuwanguyiriza okugula Louisiana okuva ku Napoleon Bonaparte owa Bufalansa. Okwolesebwa kwa Jefferson kwasingawo ku kutwala butuuti. Bwenyigidde mu kunoonya obulabi ekitundu, yafuna okwolesebwa kwa "Mmwekutu" okuva ku ttalenti lya Atlantic okutuuka ku nnyanja Pacific. Obufirosoofo obwo bwawa bwawa obulagirizi ku mateeka gonna ag'ebugwanjuba bwa Jefferson ne buwa Givius ne Clarkedy ekigendererwa ekyasinga okubunoonyereza ku nsonga eyo.

Jefferson yakitegeera nti okufuga Omugga Mississippi n'okutuuka ku kivuko kya New Orleans kyali kikulu nnyo mu by'obusuubuzi ne mu nsi za Amerika. Abalimi b'omu Bugwanjuba baali beetaaga ekkubo eryesigika okusobola okutwala ebintu byabwe mu katale, era nti Omugga Mississippi gwe gusinga okusobozesa amawanga okweyongera okusuubula. Eky'amaanyi amagwira okufuga omukutu guno ogw'amaanyi mu Amerika kye kyateeka obulamu bw'abantu b'omu Amereka. Sipeyini bwe yaddayo ewa Louisiana e Bufalansa mu 1802, Jefferson yakitegeera mangu nti kino kyali kiyinza okuvaamu akabi.

Olukiiko Olukulu olw’e Louisiana Lwaweebwa Omusango

Louisiana Purchase eya 1803 yagaziya nnyo ekifo ekikulu mu lugendo lwa Jefferson. Mu 1803 Louisiana Purchase yali ettaka erizimba ettaka mu nsi yonna wakati wa Amerika ne Bufalansa, U.S. gye lyagula obuwanvu bwa mayiro nga 7,000 okuva ku bugwanjuba bw'Omugga Mississippi, doola z'Amerika obukadde 15.

Abantu bangi kye batamanyi kiri nti Jefferson yali yaakatandika dda okuteekateeka olugendo lwe nga Louisiana Purchase terunnaggwa. Mu Jjanwali 1803, Jefferson yasaba kaweerera akakiiko akakola olukalala kasobole okusala ekitundu mu Louisiana kabe nga y'ani eyakifuga, era agende ku Nnyanja Pacific. Ebbanga lino ery'okutumbula olugendo lwa Jefferson liba limanyi nti okumanya ebitundu eby'ebugwanjuba kya mugaso nnyo.

Okulabirira Abalwadde ng’Oyitira mu Ddiini ez’Amagezi

Mu bubaka obw'ekyama obwali bwa Jjanwali 18, 1803, Pulezidenti Jefferson yasaba Congress doola z'Amerika 2,500 okukebera West – okutuuka ku Nnyanja Pacific. Ekibuuzo kino kyakolebwa mu bugenderevu era nga kyakugirwa mu bya bufuzi. Omuwandiisi wa Ssente Albert Gallatin yakubiriza nti okusaba okwo kukolebwe mu kyama. Obubaka obwo bwagambibwa okussaako essira ku busuubuzi bw'Abayindi era n'obwo obwagambibwa okutambula e Buvanjuba ku nkomerero y'ebiwandiiko.

Mu ngeri gye yakwatamu ensonga z'okukkirizisaamu obukiiko bwa Amereka, kyeyoleka bulungi ekkirizo lye. Mu kiseera we yasabye, ekitundu ky'olukuŋŋaana olwo kyali kikyali kya Bufalansa, ne Spain bwe yafuga engeri y'okutuuka ku makubo ag'omu nnyanja. Mu kukola olukalala olw'okutumbula eby'obusuubuzi n'okulongoosa enkolagana wakati w'ebika bya Amerika, Jefferson yateeka ekiteeso mu kakwateeso eri Consettenment. Ekiruubirirwa eky'okulonda obukulembedde mu bya Amereka kyavanyuma kyakkakkakkakka, okusingira ddala mu kukulaakulanya eby'obusuubuzi, ekyakwekereza ebiruubirirwa bya Jefferson.

Consert yakkiriza okuwagira omulimu gw'okutambula nga bakulembera Meriwether Lewis ne William Clark. Umwaka gwa Meriwether Lewis ne Clark, wadde nga gwali gugwana nga gugoberera emitindo gya kakkekwa, gwasobozesa ekiwagizi kya Jefferson okuteeka ssente mu kampuni mu nteeko y'eggwanga era ne kyeyoleka nti olukuŋŋaana olwo lwali lunyweze bulungi. Embalirira y'okutambula okwo oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera yasinga ku nteekateeka ya Jefferson n'obuwanguzi bw'okutambula kwe naye nga busse mu buwanguzi bwa kiwanguzi ebyangi ebyava mu miwendo gyokka egitali gimu.

Okulonda n’Okuteekateeka Abakulembeze Ababeetisse Ebweru

Ekimu ku bintu ebyasinga okuvaamu, kwe kuba nti Prezidenti Jefferson yalonda omuwandiisi we, Meriwether Lewis, okukulembera Abatuuze ab'oku Discovery. Kino kye kyava mu kulonda Ow'obuyinza Thomas Jefferson, okuteekawo ekizimbe kino, amaanyi ge, n'ebyobufuzi. Yawaayo ebiseera bye mu mulimu guno era n'atwala obukwasiro ku nteekateeka n'entegeka yaakyo eyasooka.

Meriwether Lewis: Prezidenti ya Protégé

Enkolagana ya Jefferson ne Meriwether Lewis yali muntu mulungi era yali mukugu. Lewis yakkiriza nti Jefferson yali ajja kuba muwandiisi we era yamuwa n'emyaka ebiri egy'okumuweereza nga tannalondebwa kukulembera ekibiina kya "Discope", okubeera ekibiina kya Lewis ne Clark Expedition. Mu myaka egyo ebiri, Lewis yali tamanyidde ddala ku lukalala lwa Jefferson mu tterekero lya Jefferson era nga yeenyigidde okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku bitundu by'ebugwanjuba, asobole okumanyira obulungi omulimu gwe yali agenda okumaliriza.

Virginian ne mutabani wa nnannyini nnimiro eyali okumpi ne Monticello, Lewis yali mugoba wa magye eyali amanyi ennyo eby'okukangavvula kwa magye, alina obumanyirivu ku nsalo z'ebugwanjuba era nga Jefferson bwe yagamba nti: ‘ Yabeera mu kibira, era yamanyi bulungi empisa z'Abayindi era n'empisa. ’ Jefferson yasiima obumanyirivu obwo era yasiima obusobozi bw'obukugu bwa Lewis n'obusobozi bwe yalina okuyiga enkuukuukula mu bya sayansi ebyandiikuyimu.

Okutendekebwa kwa Ssaayansi n’Okuteekateeka

Jefferson yakitegeera nti obuwanguzi bw'okutambula okusobola okutambula nga bavudde ku busobozi bw'abakulembeze obw'okuwonawo mu ddungu era n'obw'okunoonyereza okutuufu okwa sayansi n'okukuuma ebiwandiiko ebya buli kantu. Mu kino, Jefferson yatuma Lewis mu Lancaster ne Filadelfia, Pennsylvania, okuyigirizibwa bannasayansi abamu abaali batwala obukulembeze mu ggwanga (nga mw'otwalidde Andrew Ellicott, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Smith Barton, Robert Patterson ne Caspar Wistar).

Programu eno ey'okutendekebwa okw'amaanyi yakwata ku mitwe mingi. Andrew Ellicott yayigiriza Lewis okubuuka n'obukugu obw'okunoonyereza. Omusawo Benjamin Rush, omu ku basawo abatutumufu mu Amereka, yayigiriza Lewis mu by'ekisawo era n'empandika z'eby'obujjanjabi eby'obulamu. Benjamin Smith Barton, omukugu mu by'ebimera omutendekerwa mu kumanyibwa kw'ebimera n'ebitoosoogo. Robert Patterson yayigiriza okubala n'okunoonyereza ku bwengula ebiri mu bwengula ebiri mu bwengula, ate nga ne ku by'obusasikirimu bw'ebifaamu.

Obunene n'obugazi bw'obuyigirize buno obwa sayansi bwayoleka engeri Jefferson gye yali atwalamu omulimu gwe ogw'okutambula olugendo olwo. Yayagaliza nti wandibaddewo okunoonyereza okwa sayansi okwandibadde kufaananako okwo okwakolebwa mu Bulaaya mu kiseera kye. Mu kukakasa nti Lewis atendekebwa abantu abagezigezi ennyo mu Amereka, Jefferson yassaawo ekiteeso eky'enkugukanyo mu bya sayansi.

William Clark Ayingira Omulimu

Wadde nga Jefferson yalonda Lewis okuba omuduumizi w'olugendo, Lewis ye yalonda William Clark okuba omukulembeze we. Lewis yawandiikira William Clark n'amusaba okukulemberamu olugendo mu Missouri. Clark yakkiriza, mu bbaluwa gye yawandiika nga Jjulaayi 18.

Jefferson yakkiriza enteekateeka ya Lewis ey'okuteekateeka era yawagira enteekateeka y'obukulembeze bw'ekibiina nga akitegeera nti obuwanguzi bw'olugendo buyinza okujjawo singa abakulembeze ababiri abasobola okwegatta ku bakulembeze era ne bateekamu ebyokwerinda nga balwadde oba nga baliko ebisago. Ekyo kyeyolekera mu ngeri Jefferson gye yakwatangamu enteekateeka era n'engeri gye yabanga asse obwesige mu ngeri Lewis gye yakwatangamu ensonga mu lugendo.

Obulagirizi bwa Jefferson Obukwata ku Bigambo

Tewali kiwandiiko kya kiwandike kya mugaso nnyo mu kunoonyereza mu Amereka ow'ebugwanjuba okusinga ebbaluwa y'obulagirizi Jefferson obwategekerwa Lewis. Ebbaluwa ya Jefferson yafuuka ekiwandiiko ekifuga gavumenti okukebera mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'eceiice. Ebiragiro bino ebyawagirwa Lewis mu Jjuuni 1803, kye kyalaga nti Jefferson yali alowoozezza ku ku bugwanjuba era n'obweyoleka obwenkana kwolesebwa kwe yafuna ng'olugendo lwe olw'okutambula.

Eby’Obusuubuzi n’Eby’Obusuubuzi

Jefferson yalagira abakulu b'ebitongole bagende ku Mugga Missouri, weetegereze mmaapu ez'omu bukiikaddyo, era bategeere ebifo ebikulu ebinaakozesebwa ennyo eby'eby'enfuna. Okunoonya ekkubo ery'amazzi erigenda ku nnyanja Pacific kyali kigendererwa kikulu nnyo. Jefferson, okufaananako abantu b'omu kiseera kye, yasuubira nti abantu abo bandizudde ekkubo ery'amazzi erigenda mu bukiikaddyo bw'ebugwanjuba bw'e Bukiikaddyo bw'Amerika erina okusobozesa abantu okusuubula obusuubuzi ne mu Asiya.

Obulagirizi bwa Jefferson bwalaga obukulu bw'okwetegereza n'okutereka obutereevu. Mu kunoonyereza okwakolerwa Lewis, Jefferson yalagira abalambuzi bawandiike ebigambo nga bakuba kalagula ebika by'emigga n'ensozi. Ebbaluwa zino tezaalimu okulonda ebika by'ettaka byokka naye era n'okuwandiika ebika by'ebika by'ettaka, ebikubisi, obusengeke bw'obudde, n'ebitundu ebirala ebiyinza okuba eby'omuwendo mu by'eby'enfuna.

Okunoonyereza kwa Ssaayansi

Jefferson yabalagira okunoonyeza ekkubo eriggya ery'obusuubuzi, okukolagana n'ebika by'Abayindi aba Bugwanjuba bwa Amerika, era n'okutegeeza ebikwata ku bwengula, emmunyeenye, emmunyeenye, ebisolo, n'embeera y'obudde mu Bugwanjuba. Ekiragiro kya sayansi kino kyayoleka emitindo gya Jefferson egy'okutegeera era n'enzikiriza ye nti okumanya kwalina omugaso, ka kibe nga kukozeseddwa ki.

Yalagira Lewis ne Clark bawandiike olukalala olunene olw'ebifo bya sayansi, ebisolo, embeera y'obudde, ebifo, n'ebika by'ettaka ebiyinza okuwagira engeri ez'enjawulo ez'obulimi. Jefferson yayagala okumanya buli kika ky'ebimera n'ensolo ebippya ebyabanga bisanga, awamu n'ebimera ebyandizze nga bisobola okuzzibwayo mu buvanjuba okunoonyereza. Yasaba abeekenneenya ebikwata ku bwengula n'ebitundu bya ssaayansi okusobola okumanya enkula y'obudde, enzigiro, n'obukulembe bw'ebifaananyi ebinoonyeze ebikwata ku mbeera z'obudde mu bugwanjubanjuba bw'obuvanjuba bw'obudde.

Kino kyali kyewuunyisa nnyo Jefferson mu kiseera kye. Yalagira Lewis ne Clark okukola kopi z'ebitabo byabwe ne mmaapu eziwerako okukakasa nti ebyo bye baazuula tebibula singa wagwawo akatyabaga. Yalaga obukulu bw'okunoonyereza mu ngeri ey'ekipimo n'obujulizi nga amanyi nti ebyo abawanguzi bye bazudde byandyesize bukakafu bwa lipoota ezikwata ku nsonga eyo.

Enkolagana ey’Obuggya n’Ennimi z’Amerika

Jefferson yalimu ebiragiro ebikwata ku ngeri gye bannansi gye bandibadde bakolaganamu n'abantu ab'eggwanga eddala. Lewis ne Clark baali ba ku "bakwata mu ngeri ey'omukwano ennyo era ey'okwagala enneeyisa yaabwe gye yandikkirize." Etteeka lino lyayoleka okufaayo ku bantu era ne bakuba b'obukujjukujju. Jeffer akitegeera nti okuwonawo kw'abalambuzi kwandibadde kwesigamye ku ku kukuuma enkolagana ennungi n'abantu ab'omu Amerika ab'e Firikiti eyo, era yakitegeera nti okutandikawo enkolagana ennungi n'obusuubuzi mu biseera eby'omu maaso kyandibadde kyetaagisa Amereka okugaziwa.

Emirembe n'omukwano Jefferson bye byali bisaanyizibwa mu birowoozo bye okusobozesa okukolagana obulungi n'abantu ab'obusuubuzi, akabonero akakulu akalaga engeri y'obufuzi eri Abayindi b'omu Mugga Missouri. Jefferson yateebereza ebiseera eby'omu maaso ebika bya Amereka mwe byandigasse ne bifuuka ekitundu kya Amereka ekigaziwa. Wadde ng'okwolesebwa kuno kwavaamu enkola eyaleetera bannaggwanga okulumizibwa, kyali kitegeeza nti Jefferson yali agezaako okulowooza ku biseera eby'omu maaso ebyali nga tebyali bya ggwanga lya ggwanga lyammwe.

Jefferson yawa Lewis ne Clark emidaali egy'emirembe nga girina ekifaananyi kye ekyagattika abakulembeze b'amatwale.Lewis ne Clark baaleeta emidaali nga munaana mu obunene butaano okusobola okutegeeza obunene butaano obwa kampuni. Emidaali gikozeseza ebigendererwa ebisukka mu gumu: baakiikirira obufuzi bw'Amerika, baalonda ebika eby'omukwano ebyandireeteddwa abalambuzi mu biseera eby'omu maaso, era ne bateekawo akakwatego ka ka ka kakwataganya wakati wa gavumenti z'Amerika ne n'amawanga amangi agamu.

Okuteekateeka Endowooza n’Ebikwata ku Bulaaya

Jefferson kye yakola mu lugendo olwo kyatuuka ne ku katundu akatono ak'enkola ey'okuteekateeka n'okuteekateeka. Pulezidenti Jefferson yakola ne Meriwether Lewis okukakasa nti yali yeetegekedde bulungi – okusuubira ekitongole ekyo kye kyandibadde kyetaaga mu mikono, eby'emmere, eddagala, ebisiki, ebyuma ebya sayansi, n'ebirabo ebya Bayindi.

Ebintu Ebituyamba mu by’Omwoyo

Baakola enteekateeka ennungi. Baatambula ne bafulumya eby'okwejalabya nga whiskey, sigala, ne munnyo, naye tebyavangamu mmundu na bukya, era tebeetaaganga bintu bya kuwandiika, wadde nga baali batambula nnyo, era nga baalina okuwandiika bye baazuula. Ekyo kyalaga nti Jefferson yali amanyi kye kyandisobozesezza omuwendo gw'eby'obugagga okusobola okutambula.

Jefferson kennyini ye yalabirira omulimu gw'okuzuula ebyuma ebya sayansi, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebyo ebiyamba okumanya olubudode, empanvu eziyamba ennyo mu kutambulira ku bwengula, kampasi, kkoyiro, n'ekyuma ekipima thermometers.

Eby'okujjanjaba abo abaali mu lugendo olwo byayoleka amagezi ga Dr. Benjamin Rush awamu n'eddagala, eby'okukuba abasawo, n'obujjanjabi obuziyiza obubeeyi. Jefferson yamanya nti okulabirira abo abaali mu ŋŋendo ezo kya muganyulo nnyo okusobola okutuuka ku buwanguzi era teyasaasaanya ssente nnyingi okusobola okugula obujjanjabi obusingayo obulungi mu kiseera ekyo.

Ebirabo eri Enzijanjaba z’Abamerika

Jefferson essira yalissa ku kulonda ebirabo ebyandiweereddwa abantu ab'ebika bya Amerika. Ebirabo ebyo byatuukiriza ebigendererwa by'eggwanga, okutandikawo enkolagana ennungi n'emboozi z'obusuubuzi. Olugendo olwo lwalina ebintu eby'enjawulo nga ssabbuuni, endabirwamu, ebireete, taaba, engoye, n'ebintu ebirala bye yalowoozanga nti abantu b'omu ggwanga Jefferson bandyeyagalidde. Okulonda ebirabo ebyo kyalaga nti Jefferson yali ategeera bulungi obukulu bw'okukolagana n'obuwandiisi n'obuwandiikiina ng'asobola okukolagana obulungi n'okugenda mu bifo ebyo.

Ekifo kya Jefferson mu Kugubwawo

Jefferson teyakoma Lewis ne Clark bwe baava mu St. Louis mu Maayi 1804. Mu lugendo olwo lwonna, Jefferson yeeyongera okuddukanya amagye era yawagira ekigendererwa kyago.

Okufuna n’Okulaga Okutambula

Mu Agusito 1805, Thomas Jefferson yatwalibwa mu Nnyumba ya Pulezidenti mu Washington, D.C. nga yasindikibwa Lewis & Clark e Fort Mandan, ebyasindikibwa byalimu ebimera, mmaapu, ebintu eby'enjawulo ebyakozesebwa mu Amerika, ebisolo ebiramu, n'ebirala bingi ebyakuŋŋaanyizibwa mu lugendo olw'emyaka ebiri.

Pulezidenti Jefferson yakozesa ebizimbe ebyatwalibwanga mu kizimbe ekiyitibwa Entrance Hall ekya White House okuddayo mu buvanjuba nga bavudde mu lugendo. Era okuva ku lugendo olulala olw'ebugwanjuba olwakolebwa Zebulon Pike okuva mu 1806 okutuuka mu 1807. Yalagira ebintu bino mu White House, Jefferson bye yavumbula okusobola okuleetera abakungu, ab'ekibiina kya Consert, n'abantu abalala ab'amaanyi mu Amereka. Kino kyayoleka omuwendo gwa Zebulon Pike, ne b'aleetera abantu mu bitundu by'ebugwanjubanjuba, era ne batandikawo ekizimbe ekiyitibwa White House nga kiyamba abagezi okufuna okumanya okw'eby’eby’obudde.

Okwenyigira mu Bukulembeze bw’Abazaale

Mu Washington, Jefferson yayaniriza nnyo ababaka ba Missouri, Oto, Arikara, ne Yankeeton Sioux abaasisinkana Lewis ne Clark omwaka gumu emabega. Okukyala okwo kwali kukulu nnyo mu nkola ya Jefferson ey'okuteekawo obuyinza ku Amerika mu bitundu ebyali bifunye. Okwogera kwa Jefferson eri abaami okuva ku Mugga Missouri, Arikara ne Yankee Sioux, kwe kukakasa nti bajja kuba nkolagana ennungi mu nsi emu era nti singa Abayindi bagaana obufuzi bw'Amerika, bajja kubakolako nti bakolagana nnungi.

Engeri Jefferson gye yakwatamu okuteesa kw'ensi za Amerika yalaga engeri ekontana ennyo mu kwolesebwa kwe yalina okw'okweyongerayongera mu bugwanjuba. Wadde nga yali akkiririza ddala nti kisoboka okubeera n'emirembe era n'okukyusizaamu obuwangwa, era yanywerera ku bufuzi bw'Amerika era n'akiraga bulungi nti obuwanguzi bw'okufuga tebwandiremereddwa.

Okudda kw'Abagenyi n'Ekyetegereze kya Jefferson

Lewis ne Clark bwe baddayo e St. Louis mu Ssebutemba 1806, amangu ago baatuma obubaka eri Jefferson olw'obuwanguzi bwabwe.Lewis yawandiikira Thomas Jefferson nti ebikoowooteko ebyo byali biwambye ennyanja Pacific. Ebigambo bino byali biraga okutuukirizibwa kw'ekirooto kya Jefferson ekyamala emyaka mingi era byakyusa ebyafaayo bya Amerika.

Jefferson yafuna mawulire mu bumativu era n'atandika okukola nga bwe yandyagadde ebyo ebyali bizuuliddwa biwandike. Yakubiriza Lewis okukola empapula z'amawulire ze banaafulumya era n'okuwagira okufuba okusobola okukola mmaapu ezeesigamiziddwa ku ebyo bye baanoonyereza bye baazuula. Wadde nga Lewis yafuba okuteekateeka empapula ezanditandikiddwawo mu kiseera kye nga tannamaliriza mulimu gw'okufulumya ebitabo, era nga bye yazuula tebyandimaliriziddwa mu kiseera kye nga . Jefson yeeyongera okutumbula ebigeddwa mu lugendo olwo era n'okukozesa ebizuuliddwa okuwagira okwolesebwa kwe okw'obugazi bw'ebugwanjuba bwa Bulabugwanjuba.

Ssaayansi n’Eby’Obusika

Bannasayansi baazuula ebintu bingi nnyo mu ngeri gye baanoonyerezaamu Jefferson, ne bateekawo mmaapu z'ebifo ebyennene, ne balaga engeri emmunyeenye gye zaasengekamu ebitundu ebikulu eby'ensi, era ne bakuŋŋaanya n'ebika bingi eby'ekyasa eky'omu Amerika.

Okuvumbula Ebiri mu Nsi n’Eby’Obulimi

Lewis ne Clark baakuŋŋaanya ebimera nga 178 n'ebisolo 122 ebyasinze okukozesebwa mu bya sayansi. Ebyo bye bazudde byayongera okumanya kwa sayansi ku bintu eby'enjawulo ebiri mu Amerika era ne byoleka obugagga bw'omu nsi eyo. Bingi ku byo byayitibwa olw'okugulumiza Lewis, Clark, oba Jefferson, era nga bino bye byasobozesa abawagizi ba sayansi okubunkiriza n'okumanyisa obutonde bwonna.

Mu ebyo ebyakolebwanga mu mulimu gw'obulimi mwe mwali n'ebimera eby'omuwendo ebyandiyimiriziddwa okufuna emmere, obujjanjabi, n'ebigendererwa ebirala. Ebyo ebyazuulibwa mu by'obulogo byalimu ebisolo ebinene nga bere ne buwule ne buwuka obutono ennyo nga embwa ey'omu ssekusenyi. Buli kye bazudde kyabutegeera kyali kiwandiikiddwako kalonda yenna akwata ku by'okulya, ebigera, era bwe kyabanga kisoboka, bannasayansi ab'omu buvanjuba.

Ebirungi Ebiri mu Bugazi bw’Eby’Eby’Obulaguzi ne mu by’Ebifo

Mmaapu ezaakolebwa Lewis ne Clark, okusinziira ku bulagirizi bwa Jefferson ne ku kutendekebwa kwa sayansi kwe yali akoze, zaategeeza okubuuka obunene kw'ebitundu mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika. Mu kukola enteekateeka y'okutambula emmaapu empya, Lewis ne Gallatin bakuŋŋaanya mmaapu empya era n'ebyakubisibwa ebyogera ku nsi y'ebugwanjuba. Ebintu bino ebyakolebwa ne biwandiiko byateekebwa mu kiwandiiko.[1] Nicholas King 1803, kyeyatwalako ebiwandiiko nga bituuka ku bya Mandan.

Ebyawandiikibwa bye baawandiika byatereeza endowooza enkyamu ezaaliwo ku nsozi z'omu bugwanjuba era ne biyamba abantu okumanya ebifa ku nsozi, obunene bw'ensozi, n'eŋŋendo ezaali zitambula mu bitundu eby'enjawulo. Wadde ng'olugendo olwo terwalimu kkubo eryali lisuubirirwa ku bukiika kkono bw'obugwanjuba bwa Nsozi za Rocky, era nga ne ku bizibu ebyandizzeewo nga bagenda ku nnyanja Pacific.

Empandika y'obugazi esangibwa mu biwandike ebya bulijjo

Obulagirizi bwa Jefferson obw'okuwandiika ebiwandiiko bya Amerika kyavaamu ebiwandiiko eby'omuwendo ennyo ebyagobererwa bannabyafaayo n'abakulembedde enkyukakyuka z'ensi leero. Lewis ne Clark baawandiika ebikwata ku nnimi, obuwangwa, eby'obufuzi, eby'enfuna, n'obuwangwa. Baawandiika ebiwandiiko ebikwata ku bantu, ensalo z'ebitundu, n'obuwangwa. Obutundu obwo bweyongera ku ndowooza z'abantu ba Amereka, nga basinziira ku byafaayo byabwe.

Okwolesebwa kwa Jefferson n'okukulaakulana kw'Amerika

Lewis ne Clark Expedition biteekwa okutegeerwa mu ngeri engazi n'ebyo Jefferson bye yalaba mu kwolesebwa okw'omu kiseera eky'omu maaso. Ebbaluwa eyo yagattamu ebiruubirirwa by'eggwanga lyonna eby'okuzuula ebitundu by'ebitundu n'ebiwandiiko bya sayansi. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'esatu, Jefferson yavumbula entegeka ey'okunoonyereza mu bugwanjuba.

Obwakabaka obw’Eddembe

Jefferson yateebereza Amerika nga "entebe y'eddembe" .Iriphabliki ennene ey'abalimi abeetongodde era abasobola okulima ettaka era ne beenyigidde mu nkola ya demokulase. Lewis ne Clark Expedition baazuula ensi ezisaanira eby'obulimi, ne batandikawo ebitongole bya Amerika mu bugwanjuba, era n'enkyukakyuka mu ngeri ezisobozesa abantu okubeera mu nsi z'omu biseera eby'omu maaso. Jefferson yalowooza nti okugaziwa kw'obufuzi bwa gavumenti y'eggwanga lya lirgyibwawo nga bateekawo ensi esobozesa abantu ab'ebibuga okuzimbulukulembedde era n'okulemesa abantu okuteeka obulyinjabi mu bibuga.

Okwolesebwa kuno era kwaleetera Abamerika bangi okukola obubi ennyo, wadde nga bannasayansi baakoleranga wamu ne bannaggwanga ba Amerika abaatandikanga okubeera mu bugwanjuba. Ekyakolebwa Jefferson kyakolebwa ku bantu ab'ennimi aba bulijjo okuggibwa mu nsi zaabwe ne batwalibwa mu bitundu ebirala. Lewis ne Clark Expedition, wadde nga baakulaakulana mu bya sayansi era nga bassibwamu ekitiibwa ekya nnamaddala Lewis ne Clark kye baalaganga eri abantu b'ennimi ezo, oluvannyuma baaweereza omulimu ogwa empula ogwandireetedde okufiirwa ensi eza Indacrade n'okuzikirizibwa kw'empisa ez'obuwangwa.

Embeera y’Eby’Obugagga n’Obusuubuzi

Jefferson kye yali alowooza ku by'enfuna by'omu West kyali kyesigamye ku by'obulimi n'obusuubuzi. Yali alowooza nti abalimi ab'ebugwanjuba bajja kuvaamu ebifissi ebyanditumiddwa mu katale k'e Bulaaya, ebiyinza okuvaamu obugagga n'okuleetawo obwetwaze mu Amereka.

Jefferson era yali asuubira nti okutambula n'okunoonyereza okwo kwandiyambye abantu okugula obusuubuzi mu Asiya nga bayita ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Pacific.

Ebizibu n’Okweraliikirira

Wadde nga yasekererwa abantu bangi mu Amerika, yabuusa amaaso oba yagaana oba n'agaana eddembe abantu ba Amerika lye baalina era n'ebyo bye baali baagala okuggya mu kifo ekyo.

Ebibuuzo Ebikwata ku Mateeka

Jefferson, eyali yeemalirizza ennyo okunnyonnyola etteeka eryali likwata ku by'obufuzi, yaziyizibwa olw'okusukka amateeka mu lukalala olw'amateeka mu Louisiana Purchase ne feedi eyali aginoonya.

Engeri Bannaggwanga mu Amerika gye Baakwatibwako

Wadde nga Jefferson Lewis ne Clark baalagira bannaggwanga okuyisa abantu mu ngeri ey’emirembe, ekyava mu lugendo olwo kwe kusobozesa Amerika okwongera okubuna mu nsi zaabwe. Okumanya kw'ensi, obutuuze bw'abantu n'enkyukakyuka mu nsi ezaatandikibwawo bannabyabufuzi, byaviirako abantu b'omu Amereka okuggya abantu ba bulijjo mu nsi zaabwe. Mu ngeri y'emu, Jefferson yamanyisaamu abantu b'omu Amerika mu Amerika okuyitira mu kukulaakulana mu by'obulimi n'obuwangwa, era n'obuwangwa bw'abakoseere n'obuwanjufu obwaliri obw'ebyo ebyaviirako okubonaabona okw'amaanyi ennyo okugwa mu nsi.

Endowooza n’Ebyafaayo eby’Omu Maaso

Lewis ne Clark Expedition za Amerika teziyinza kumanyibwa nnyo, era n'ekifo kye yakola okusobozesa okuzituukiriza kye kimu ku ebyo ebyayamba eggwanga eryo. Olugendo lwa Amereka lwatandikawo obuwambe bw'okutuuka mu bukiikakkono bw'obukiikaddyo bwa Pacific, olw'okuba lwasobozesa okufuna okumanya okw'amaanyi ku nsi n'obukulembedde, ne luggulawo engeri ez'okula mulembe gw'okumanyisa ebigenda mu maaso era ne lukwata endowooza y'Abamerika mu ngeri eyeeyongera okweyongera okweyongera okucaaka n'okumanyisa.

Engeri Gye Tuyinza Okunoonyereza ku Biseera eby’Omu Maaso

Eŋŋendo zino ezisooka zaalimu ekitegeeza nti baali baagala okutwala abantu b'omu Amereka ebweru w'Omugga Mississippi. Ekifo ekya White House mu ntegeka ne mu kulaga ebintu ebyaweerezebwa okuva mu mitendera gino, kiraga engeri gye gannassaayansi gye gatandikamu okugaziwa mu Bugwanjuba bwa Amerika. Lewis ne Clark Expedition bye baateekawo enkola eyandigobereddwa gavumenti n'ebitundu ebigirimu mu kyasa kyonna eky'ekkumi n'esatu. Olugendo olwa Zebulon Pike, Stephen Long, John Crémont, era n'ebirala byazimbibwa ku musingi gwa Lewis ne Clark ne Amerika byagaziwa okumanya okwetooloola ntshona.

Eby’Obusika ebya Sayansi

Eby'enkunamba ebya sayansi ebyakolebwa Lewis ne Clark Expedition, byakolebwa olw'essiraavi nga Jefferson yeekenneenya n'okuwandiika ebitabo mu ngeri ey'obwegendereza, ne kiviirako nnyo sayansi w'ensi. Eby'obulogo n'eby'ebikwata ku nkula y'ebirimba ebyakuŋŋaanyizibwa bannasayansi baayongera okumanya ebisolo n'ebika by'ebiramu eby'enjawulo ebya Amerika. Ebiwandiiko ebyo byayamba okumanya ebikwata ku nnimu n'obuwangwa bw'Amerika. Era okumanya okwali okwakolebwa abavumbuzi abo bannassawo ne bannassaayansi okutereeza endowooza enkyamu ezaali ekituufu era ne kiwa abatambuze bye bandituusizza abantu ab'omu biseera eby’omu mambuka n'obudde.

Ebikwata ku Buwangwa

Lewis ne Clark Expedition be bamu ku bantu abanoonyereza mu byafaayo bya Amerika, nga bano bakiikirira omwoyo gw'okunoonyereza, okunoonya okumanya, n'okugaziwa kw'ebitundu by'Amerika.

Obusimu bwa Jefferson

Corps of Discovery(yamu eyakubirizibwa Thomas Jefferson okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri, nga yeewaayo eri sayansi ey'okunyinyigiriza, era n'akubirizibwa n'okwolesebwa kwe yafuna mu Amerika ow'ebugwanjuba(*) bye yalina, omulimu gwabyo, n'obuvunaanyizibwa obw'ebyafaayo. Ekiwandiiko kino kikwata ku Jefferson mu lugendo. Okusinziira ku Jefferson, Lewis ne Clark Expedition kyali kiko ekifaananyi ekya mu kirooto kye ekya okutuusa ku nkomerero y'obulamu bwe era n'okutuukiriza emitindo gye egy'okukkukkukkukkusinzira ku n'okukkukkukkusiikusiikuukula.

Enkolagana eya Jefferson ne Meriwether Lewis kyali kikulu nnyo. Yaweereza nga omuwi w'amagezi era taata era omuyambi mu Lewis, okuwa obulagirizi, obuyigirize, n'okukola emirimu gya Lewis. Lewis bwe yafiira mu mbeera ey'ekikangabwa ennyo mu 1809, Jefferson yakwatibwako nnyo. Yakola kyonna ekisoboka okulaba nti by'abavuzi ba Lewis bye yakola bimanyibwa bulungi era biwandiikibwe bulungi.

Bye Tuyiga mu Bukulembeze bw’Omu Kiseera Kyaffe

Enkola ya Jefferson ey'okukola entegeka n'okutta abafuzi ba bulijjo, ewa eby'okuyiga eby'amaanyi abakulembeze b'omu kiseera kino. Endowooza ye ng'olaba era n'obulabi obw'ennono, okuba omwetegefu okuteeka mu by'enjigiriza n'okweteekateeka, okussa essira ku buwandiike n'obusobozi bwa sayansi, n'okukubiriza abantu abalina ebitoneeso, byonna byasobozesa okutuuka ku buwanguzi mu lugendo olwo.

Jefferson yakitegeera nti okutuuka ku biruubirirwa eby'omwoyo kimwetaagisa okukola entegeka n'obwegendereza, okufuna ssente ezimala, okukola emirimu egimala, era n'okumanyira ddala ekigendererwa. Yamanya omugaso gw'okumanya obulungi era n'anoonya okutendeka Lewis. Yasuubira okusoomooza era yateekateeka ebikolebwamu.

Empeereza: Jefferson kye yawaayo nga nnamukadde

Thomas Jefferson bye yawaayo eri Lewis ne Clark Expedition byakoma ku kukakasa bukkiriza oba okubaako ssente ze biweebwa okusobola okutambula.

Obuwanguzi bwe baatuukako mu kutuuka ku biruubirirwa byabwe .[N] Kweyanya ebitundu ebiteemanyi, okutandikawo ebika ebippya, okutandikawo enkolagana wakati w'abantu ab'ebika bya Amerika n'abantu ab'eggwanga lya Pacific Ocean(-vivivineetiddooce) era n'okulaga omugaso gw'okunoonyereza kwa gavumenti n'okunoonyereza kwa sayansi. Okumanya kw'ebitundu, bye bannasayansi baazuula, n'enkolagana n'abantu abaava mu Amerika, byaleetawo nnyo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu byafaayo bya Amereka, ne bireetawo enkyukakyuka ez'enkulaakulana mu Bugwanjubanjuba bw'ebwe mu kyasa ekya 19.

Wadde nga tuteekwa okukkiriza obuzibu obuli mu kwolesebwa kwa Jefferson, naddala engeri gye kwakwata ku bantu ba Amerika, tusobola okutegeera ebituuka ku nkola za sayansi n'obukugu ebyava mu buwagizi bwe eri Lewis ne Clark Expedition. Obweyamo bwa Jefferson mu kumanya, okukkiriza kwe mu kunoonyereza n'obuwandiike obw'obwegendereza, n'obusobozi bwe obw'okusikiririzaamu n'okuwagira eby'amaanyi byeyolekera mu by'obusika bwe.

Lewis ne Clark Expedition bakakasa ekiyinza okutuukibwako singa okwolesebwa okukwata ku mateeka, enteekateeka ennungi, n'obuvumu eby'okuleetawo enkukakyuka mu bya sayansi, era nga bikolera wamu okusobola okutuuka ku biruubirirwa by'abantu. Thomas Jefferson afuba okusobozesa omulimu guno okukolebwa, kye kimu ku ebyo by’akoze mu byafaayo by'Amerika era n'obumalirivu bw'okukyusa endowooza z'amawanga.

Abo abaagala okuyiga ebisingawo ebikwata ku Lewis ne Clark Expedition ne Jefferson mu kifo kya Amerika mu kugaziwa kw'ebugwanjuba, Thomas Jefferson's Learson's Levis[ awawa obutuuti n'obulembe obw'ebyafaayo. [[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT] [FOL]] [O] [OLT] [O] n'empandika ez'eby'ebyafaayo biwaffereebwe [N] bisobozesa abantu okufuna obubaka obwasooka obwa Kendeka obutegeeza ekitongole ky'ekyamako kya Jefferson [[FLD:] n'amayumba, n'amaterekero, n'amaterekero, n'ebitonderwa mu ngeri gy'ebitongole ebitegekebwa mu Nnyundo bya Cromesenyunzi ebiva mu Nnyunziko]