Bw'oyimusa kabuyonjo, oba n'ofuna ekigezo ku gavumenti, oba n'oweebwa omulimu gw'okukola. Abayizi n'abasomesa bangi bategeera bulungi amakulu g'amatabi esatu.(ekyasatu, ekitongole, enkola, okusala emisango, okusala emisango) era nga batono nnyo abategeera engeri [ gye gakolamu enzijjuvu, gavumenti, ne gavumenti ey'omu kitundu gye zituula awamu okusobola okutereeza kumpi buli kaseera k'obulamu bwo. Okuva ku mateeka ga gavumenti agafuga ekibuga gye gaayisanga mu mateeka gaago, buli mu bukiiko bwammwe obugenda mu bukiika n'obunene, obuwagizi, n'okusasula obuvunaanyizibwa. Ekitundu kino kiraga engeri gye basalawo okugobeegasseemu nga bazzeewo mu kitundu kyo, era ne ku ku kukuwa obulagirizi mu ngeri y'okukusobozesa okugobeego.

Ekizimbe kya Gavumenti ya Amerika eky’Ebifo Essatu Ebizimbiddwa

United States ye nkola ey'ekitongole , erina amakulu ag'okugabanyizaamu obuyinza wakati wa gavumenti y'eggwanga ne gavumenti. Zombi zifuna obuyinza okuva ku lukuŋŋaano era zombi zikolagana butereevu n'abatuuze. Mu magatte, gavumenti ez'omu kitundu, ebibuga, ebibuga, ne disiturikiti ez'enjawulo, bikolera wamu ng'ebitonde bya gavumenti, ebikola amaanyi agaweebwa gavumenti ne mateeka. Okutegeera ekizimbiddwa kino kye kizibu ekisooka okulaba lwaki ekitulikiti mu luguudo lwokka kiyinza okuba ekizibu mu pulasitooti, ate nga n'okuddirira kwa siteri zo bituukiriza ekiragiro.

Gavumenti Egikulu Ennyo mu Washington

Gavumenti efuga mu kibuga ekikulu eky'eggwanga, era efuga ensonga ezikwata ku ggwanga lyonna oba ezisala ensalo z'ensi. Omukono gwayo, Congress, gulina ebisenge bibiri: Ennyumba y'ababaka (435) era egabanyizibwamu abantu) era enkiiko entongole (100, ebitundu bibiri ku ggwanga). Buli omu ayisa amateeka gamba ng'okuva mu ggwanga n'okuyingira mu ggwanga, obusuubuzi, n'entegeka z'abantu. Ofiisi y'ettabiina ekulemberwa prezidenkola, ekwasisa amateeka ga gavumenti, ate nga bayisa abajulizi b'eggwanga.

Obuvunaanyizibwa Obukulu mu Kibiina kya Federal

  • [[AGUMENTI]:0] Kakwate ka n'enkola ey'okukuuma eggwanga[ — okukuuma amagye, okuteesa endagaano, n'okukiikirira ekitongole kya Amerika ekiri mu nsi endala.
  • [[Act:0] Obusuubuzi n'obusuubuzi mu nsi yonna — bikyusa ebizimbe wakati w'eby'obufuzi n'amawanga amalala, nga mw'otwalidde n'okuwandiika amateeka agakugira obusosoze, n'okukukugira okukola ku buwagizi.
  • [[AK'OKUKOLA]] Obusobozi n'okukyusa ebbanga[[KATANDIKWA:1] — okukuba mu kyapa, okutegeka amasawo okuyita mu 'Federal Reserve', n'okuteekamu ebiterekebwa bya banka (FIC).
  • Enteekateeka za insuwalensi — Social Security, Medicare, ne kampuni ezigaba obuyambi okusobola okukola ku by'obujjanjabi mu by'obulamu.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Entegeka egabanyizidwa [[[KITANDIKI]] — kikuuma eddembe ly'okukuba ekiba kigwanira, omulimu ogw'okulonda, n'obukuumi bwe bwenkana wansi w'amateeka.

Kubanga amateeka g'ensi agafuga amateeka g'ensi bwe gakontana (mu Nsonga VI ey'Etteeka), Consembler eyinza okussaawo emitindo emitono egilina okugobererwa gavumenti. Wadde kiri kityo, gavumenti era esobozesa gavumenti okuba n'enkyukakyuka mu nsi yonna.

Gavumenti: Obubiina bwa Demokulase

Buli ggwanga likolera wansi wa ssemateeka waalyo, nga ligoberera entegeka ya gavumenti nga likozesa akakiiko akafuga oba akakiiko akafuga enfuga, akagooma (kangi kayitibwa olukuŋŋaana olw'eggwanga) era ne lusaze olw'abalamuzi. Gavumenti ze zivunaanyizibwa ku nkola y'amaka ezikwata ku bantu butereevu: obuyigirize, embeera z'eby'obujjanjabi, amateeka g'abamenyi b'amateeka, n'ebiragiro bingi eby'obutonde. Kkootikko. Olukiiko olukulu olw'omulembeya olukulu lwa U. .S. Ekiragiro kyatongoze gavumenti kyamasaza nga bagezaako enkola ez'enjawulo nga ebitongole ebiwandikiro ebikola ku bannaakyo mu Vermont oba carbon.[2]

Obuvunaanyizibwa Obukulu Ebwetaagibwa gavumenti

  • [[Act:0]K-12 ne waggulu[[[Act:1]] — bisobola okuwanirira amasomero ga gavumenti, ne bissaawo emitindo egigobererwa mu biyingizibwa, ne kisobozesa ebisaanyizo eby'okuteekamu obukwasiro obw'obuyigirize.
  • [[Act:0]] [[[KY'AKATANDIKWA]] — okuzimba n'okuddaabiriza amakubo, enguudo, ne gbuduupu; okuddukanya empandika ez'abavuzi b'emmotoka n'okuwandiisa obuwandiisi.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Obujjanjabi n'obujjanjabi bwa bantu bonna[[[NT:1]] — okuyisa Medicaid (nga bwe buwagirwa gavumenti y'ensi eyo), okugobererwa mu malwaliro, n'okugoolera ku nnawookeera w'endwadde.
  • [[Act:0] obwenkanya obwa bulijjo[[[KYUMENT:1]] — obukireetera okusala emisango egisinga obungi (obubenje, okutta, obutemu) era n'okuyisa abapoliisi, amakomera n'enkola za kkooti.
  • [[NKULA]] Obulagirizi obwa '[[NTLM:1] — obulagira empewo n'amazzi okuba nga ebituufu, emirundi egisinga obungi bigoberera emitindo egiragibwa mu bitongole ebikola ku by'empewo ne ku mazzi nga ebitegekedwa mu California.

Amakampuni ga gavumenti era gakola ku nsonga endala nnyingi gamba ng'amateeka g'obufumbo, okugobererwa kwa bannakyewa (abasawo, bannamateeka, abasala enviiri, n'amateeka agakwata ku kutunda omwenge. kubanga amateeka ga gavumenti gayinza okuba n'enjawulo, gye weetaagira ennyo engeri y'okulabiriramu obulamu bwo, by'osasula mu misolo, era ne by'osobola okugula ku Ssande.

Gavumenti y’Omu Nsi: Ssente Ze Basasula Abantu

Gavumenti ez'omu kitundu //'ebibuga, ebibuga, ebibuga, ebibuga, n'ebitundu eby'enjawulo (nga ebipande oba amatabi) “‘ bisobozesa enzigi okukola obulungi emirimu gya gavumenti. Gavumenti y'esobola okubuyimirizibwamu oba okusaasaanawo gavumenti naye nga zisobola okwefuga ku bantu bonna. Mu magatte mangi, gavumenti z'omu kitundu zikozesa obuyinza bwazo mu “kufuga okw'ewandibwa obwa bulijjo” mu mateeka oba amateeka ga bulijjo.

Obuvunaanyizibwa Obukulu mu Nsi

  • [[Akawulu:0]] Obutebenkevu[[K'AWULA]] — ebitongole bya poliisi, ebikolerwako eby'omuliro, ebitongole eby'obujjanjabi n'okugobererwa kw'amateeka.
  • .[AK] Entegeka ey'ekifo awasangibwa [[NKULA]] — enguudo, enguudo, ettabaaza, embuyaga, ensulo, ensulo, n'amasese.
  • [[Act:0] Ensukko n'amataala bikozesebwa[[[AZIMBI:1] — okusalawo ebiyinza okuzimbibwa awalala, okuva mu maka emirundi 761 era ne mu makolero, oba mu kufulumya enzikkiriza ez'okuzimba.
  • [[Akatundu]] Ebisomero ebiri ku mpande [[[AK:1] — wadde nga biweebwa ssente za gavumenti ne gavumenti, obupapula bw'essomero obw'omu kitundu, ebitegekedwa mu mpandika y'enkola n'enkola.
  • [[AB'OKUKOLA] Obulungi n'eby'okwesanyusaamu[[NKULU] — bisobola okubeera n'empandika ez'omukitundu, amaterekero, ebifo ebibeeramu abantu, n'ebidiba bye bawugiramu.
  • [[O] Emisolo n'ensawo ebisaasaanyizibwa ebigya ku aw'omutungo [[O] 1] — emisolo gy'ebintu, emisolo gy'okutunda (emirundi egisinga gisabibwa wamu n'eggwanga), era n'emisaala egiva mu kukkirizibwa oba okusasulibwa.

Olukiiko lw'ekibuga oba ekitongole ekikola ku mateeka kye kisinga okukwanguyira okussaawo, era okusalawo kwalwo kuyinza okukwata ku byetaago by'ebintu byo, ebiseera ebiwugula era n'ebintu bye oyinza okugula (bwe kiba nti kampuni esazaanyisa amaduuka agasitu oba ebisawo bya pulasitiika). Kino kitegeeza nti okuba n'enkolagana ennungi n'abantu y'omu kitundu y'eyinza okuba ekyangu okukkukkiriza.

Engeri Ebyo Bye Tusalawo Gye Bikwatibwako mu Bulamu Bwaffe

Abantu abasinga obungi tebalaba nti “gavumenti” kye kibiina kimu kyokka, wabula bakolagana n'ebibiina by'ebitongole, ebiragiro, n'enteekateeka ebirala ebibi.

  • Essaawa eyo yali ya kuteekebwawo ekitongole kya National Institute of Standard and Technology.
  • Okuyita ku tapi kuggya amazzi ku kya bulijjo ekiri mu kitundu kya gavumenti ekirina okugoomera ddala emirundi 76 egy'omuwendo gw'amazzi era n'okugobererwa kw'amateeka agafuga enkola eyo.
  • Emmotoka yo ogivuga ku nguudo ezirabirirwa ekibuga (ekifo kyayo), eggwanga (oluguudo olw’ensobi), oba gavumenti.
  • Basiisi y’omwana wo egoberera amateeka g’eggwanga agakugira obubenje, awamu ne gavumenti (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration).
  • Essomero lino ligoberera emitindo egigobererwa ab’obuyinza, amateeka agafuga obusosoze, n’amateeka agafuga okutasosolaamu (Title IX, IDEA).

Obuvunaanyizibwa buno butegeeza nti, okusobola okufuna essente enkalu zokka, kampuni zibaamu obuyigirize bwa gavumenti bwonna. Amateeka ga disiturikiti gawa abayizi abatono emirundi esatu ssente okuwagira ssente era gakuuma abayizi abali mu bulema (Abalina Obulema mu Kuzimba). Gavumenti eteeka emitindo gy'enjigiriza era ne gateekamu ssente ezisinga obungi mu masomero. Ate era erina okulonda ebitabo ebitendeka abaana, era ne birabirira ebizimbe. Omuzadde bw'aba ayagala okukyusa engeri essomero gye liddukamu, buli luvannyuma lwo: okusemba ebitongole by'essomero, oba okutegeeza ekibiina kya gavumenti ekitongole kya gavumenti ekigaba obuyambi, era n'okusabirira akakiiko k'eggwanga okukyusa amateeka.

Ebyokulabirako Ebiriwo Ddala eby’Engeri eza Gavumenti ez’Okukolera Awamu

Obujjanjabi Obusobola Okukolebwa

Ekiragiro Affordble Care Act (ACA), kyatandikawo amateeka ga gavumenti agaagonda insuwalensi z'eby'obulamu ne kigaziya Medicaid esobola okumanyibwa. Kyokka, mu 2012 kkooti enkulu yawa okusalawo okw'enjawulo okugaziwa kw'eddwaniro. N'ekyavaamu, enkonge eyinza okusobozesa ebitongole bya gavumenti okuteeka obunene obwa Medicaid mu New York (ekigaziyiziddwa) okufuna amawo geetaaga oba okugunjulwa ekitono mu mpalo, ng'omuntu oyo y'omu Texas Texas (ekitaagwa) ne kisobererwa. Mu ggwanga, ebitongole eby'obujjanjabiro bya gavumenti y'ensi yonna kiyinza okuteekawo amalwalimu oba okukugira obutongole obutongole obukola ku by'emmere.

Okukyusa Enkyukakyuka mu Nsi

Emitindo gy'empewo ennongoofu egyateekebwawo ekibiina kya gavumenti ekifuga Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) gilagira enzigi zayo okussaawo enkola y'okutuukiriza enzivvuunuzi. California, nga kiriko ekitongole eky'omulembe gwe kikoleramu eky'okugatta ekiwandikiro (CARB), kissaawo emitindo eminene egikwata ku muwato gw'omusoke ogw'omusokero okusinga etteeka eryava eriva erigobererwa gavumenti y'ekitongole kya gavumenti. Gavumenti zigobereza enteekateeka ezisobozesa ebigere by'emmotoka okukendeeza eŋŋenyangu ez'ennene, okusobozesa okukulaakulana okw'entambula. Omuntu abeera mu Portland, Oregon, assa empewo erongoosaayonjo okusinga omuntu mu kibuga ekibadde tekikkirizza enkola ng'ezo ez'ebyo okubaawo mu mitendera esatu.

Obwenkanya n’Obukungu

Amateeka g'abamenyi b'amateeka ga gavumenti. Omukungu wa poliisi ow'omu kibuga akwasisa amateeka agakwata ku bubbi oba okulumba, naye ekitongole kyayo kigoberera amateeka g'omu kitundu ku bikwata ku nkola za poliisi ezikolebwa mu bitundu nga programu, kamera, n'obulabirizi. Bwe kityo, abakwasisa b'amateeka bakkirizibwa okugootaanya gavumenti, oba ensonga ezikwata ku nsi (paaki ez'enjawulo, ebigo by'amagye). Gavumenti era ewa obukiiko bwa poliisi okuyitira mu nkola nga Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Lavity Grant. Bwe kityo, omuwagizi w'ensonga ez'ensonga ez'ensonga ez'ekitongole kya gavumenti, ekitongole kya U.

Ebiruubirirwa, Empaka n’Omulembe gw’Ekitongole kya Fravidenti

Ekiragiro kino kiwa gavumenti z'Amerika gavumenti ezimu (essente, okulangirira olutalo) era ne zikuuma endala mu magatte (kampuni, enkola y'okulonda oba enkola ey'obukuumi). Naye gavumenti nnyingi zigattibwa wamu: gavumenti z'ensi ne gavumenti zisobola okusasula, okwewola, n'okuzimba amakubo. Bwe wabaawo obukuubagano, Kkooti esinga obukulu eyinza okuzizza ku buyinza obwa ssigala.

Ekitongole ky'ensi ekirabirira eby'obulabirizi tekifaayo ku ngeri gye kituukirizaamu buvunaanyizibwa bwagootaanye okukendeeza ku buzibu obw'amaanyi.

Engeri y’Okusalawo

Tekiri nti omusajja ayagala okukuba akalulu buli luvannyuma lw’emyaka ebiri oba ena, wabula kikwata ku kunyweza enkolagana wakati we n’abantu b’asalawo era n’okutegeera wa w’alina okulagira okukolebwa.

Okwenyigira mu Gavumenti Ekola ku Buwabuzi

  • [[NKULA] Bw'osanga abo abali mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga. Buli muntu alina abalabirizi babiri n'omubaka omu. Osobola okukubira, okuwandiikira ofiisi zaabwe eza disitulikiti. Empandika ez'enjawulo zisobola okutegeeza ababakiikirira.
  • [[NKULA]] Ebigambo ebya lukale ku mateeka agategekebwa okuyitira mu kussaawo amateeka agafuga entegeka ya gavumenti mu ngeri y'emu ne EPA ne Department of Education. Ekiragiro kino kisalawo engeri y'okussaawo amateeka agafuga enneyisa ya bantu bonna nga tegannaba kussaawo mateeka agafuga ebigenderwako.
  • Paricipate mu kulonda okw'ekitongole. Kino kisinga okuleeta amawulire amalungi ku ba pulezidenti, naye okulonda kuyinza okuleetera abanoonyisiddwa okusalawo wakati w'ekiseera kya makkati era nga kuyinza n'okukwatamu enkola eya Process mu ngeri y'okulonda.
  • [[Act:0] Kyeyava oba ekiwagira entegeka z'eggwanga ebikola nga ettuttumu lya gavumenti erifuga enkola y'ekika kya .[Gunja] Kino kikola nga ekitongole kya American Civil Libereties Union, oba projectives producess.

Okwenyigira mu Gavumenti

  • [[AKM:0] Entegeka z'obukiiko obubadde buwuliriza n'ebitundu ebiri wansi awa bulijjo[[[KAFUMENTI] yo. Amayumba agasinga obungi gawa ekiragiro nga gagobererwa era nga gawandiise mu tterekero. Oyinza okussawo akabonero ku byuma ebikola ku byetaago by'abantu b'omu kitundu kyo.
  • [[Akawayiro:0]] Kino kikwataganya ekitundu kyo n'ebitundu by'ebitundu. Kubanga esaza litono ku lya ssemasaza, oyinza okukisanga nga kyangu okuzzaawo enkolagana n'abasigi baalyo oba okusisinkana omuteesi w'amateeka ku mukolo. ([[FL:2]] Fuba okuwa ebigo byo amateeka okuyitira mu NCL[FL:3])
  • [[Akawayiro:0]] Kakwate n'ebiruubirirwa ebya bulijjo. Amawanga mangi gakkiriza abatuuze okuwakana oba okulonda ku mateeka butereevu okuyitira mu kusalawo n'okugootaanya. Kino kituyamba nnyo mu kukyusa enkola y'enkola singa akakiiko akategese tekabaako kye kakola.
  • [[Akawayiro:0] Ssaawo ku kakiiko oba ku k'awunti.[[Akakiiko:1] Era obuwanvu bw'obubonero obukwata ku mbeera y'obudde, ku buyigirize obwa waggulu, n'obukugu. Ekiragiro bwe kiddiza abantu bonna ku buli kakiiko kasobola okubutuukiriza.

Okwenyigira mu Bufuzi bwa Munno

  • Enkuŋŋaana ez'omu bibuga oba ez'omu ssaza. Abasinga obungi babaako bye baddamu mu lujjudde buli lunaku. Wadde nga muwuliriza buwuliriza, mujja kuyiga engeri gye musalawo. Enkuŋŋaana nnyingi kati zifuuka zin'empandika ez'ekika kya nukuta ([[FLT:]]Fuba gavumenti yammwe okuyitira mu Kibiina kya Citi kya National League []])
  • [[Akakiiko:1] Sssomero ku kakiiko oba ku mulimu.[Akakiiko ak'omu kitundu kino] Bw'oteekako enkola ey'okutegeka ebikolerwako, obuwandiko, ebipande ebitegekebwa ku masomero, ebiwandiko ebitegekebwa mu bifo awateekebwa ebitabo, n'obuwayinzi bw'etterekero, byonna binoonya bannakyewa.'ebifo bino ebisaasabibwa tebiriimu ssente bikuwa obuyinza ku nkola ya ku nkola y'omu kitundu.
  • [[AKMENT:0] Ekiragiro kino kisalawo okulonda mu ngeri ey'enjawulo. Okuvoota kubaamu obululu obwa bulijjo.[1] Emirundi egisinga obungi, wansi wa 20% mu bibuga ebikulu. Obululu bwo businga obunene obwa pulezidenti.
  • [[Akatundu:0] Bw'ossawo akasonga ku nsonga ezikwata ku quatomu.[[AM]] Awuguwa, okusalagana okw'akabi, oba ekiteeso eky'okuteekawo kiyinza okukolebwako nga oteekawo entegeka ey'okuteekako akabonero mu kiwandiiko oba okukuŋŋaanya ebigambo ebisabidwa eri kakiiko k'ekibuga.
  • [[NKUMBO] Ekiragiro kino kiwandika amateeka[[[KATANDIKWA:1] (Enkyusa y'eggwanga lyo eya Freedom of Information Act) okusobola okubuuza ebiwandiiko ebiva ku bitongole. Kino kiraga engeri gye baasalawo oba nga amateeka agaagobererwa.

Ekikolwa eky’Okubala: Ensonga Lwaki Kikulu

One of the most dispiriting forces in moderndemokulase y'emu ku ndowooza nti gavumenti eri wala nnyo era nti tekisoboka. Ekituufu kiri nti gavumenti si nzibu eggumba zingingi, nga nnyingi ku zo ziseetuka. Olukiiko lw'akakiiko emirundi egisinga olubeera mu kibuga luba lwa gwokubiri; olukiiko lwa gavumenti oluwandiikiddwa ku Intaneeti; oluwandiisi lwalwo oluwandiikivu lutwala eddakiika 15 okusalako. Ekiwandikiro si kya mubiri naye kya psyterow .[1]A kirowo nti enteekateeka y'emu nnyo era nti omuntu omu bw'eba nga yeetaaga obuyambi obwo.

Naye ebyafaayo biraga nti ekibiina ky'eddembe ly'abantu, ekibiina ky'obutonde byonna byasobola okuwangula kubanga abantu aba bulijjo abeegatta ku bantu ab'enkola ez'enjawulo basigala nga bagoberera amateeka ga gavumenti ag'omu kitundu agatali gamu: okusoomoozebwa kw'amateeka agafuga enfuga, okukaka kayisa aw'okusoosa amateeka agafuga, era n'okuwaliriza kakiiko akakola ku nkyukakyuka mu ggwanga. Bw'obeera mu lukuŋŋaana lw'ababakasitu b'essomero oba nga wawandiizza ebbaluwa erigamba omubaka w'eggwanga lyo, obeera weeyongere okukaka obulombolombo obwo.

fundikira

Okutegeera engeri gye kiganyulamu obulamu bwo ng'egguka lya gavumenti, ebigo bya gavumenti, n'ebifo ebibeeramu ebibuga, tekikusobozesa kumanyisa bintu bya bulijjo. Gavumenti eteekawo enteekateeka ez'enjawulo ez'entegeka ez'entegeka ez'enjawulo ezisobozesa eddembe, obukuumi, n'eby'obusuubuzi mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo. Gavumenti zijjuzaamu byonna ebikwata ku by'enjigiriza, eby'obulamu, n'ebintu eby'enjawulo. Gavumenti z'omu kitundu kino ziyamba mu kutuukiriza emirimu egiyamba abantu okuba n'obutebenkevu mu kufuga, era buli mutendera buli mukola guwandikiro gulina amaanyi gaazo, naye nga ddala gugo. Ng'oyiga engeri y'obutuuze, n'embeera ey'omu maka go, n'ekiseera eky'omu maaso.