Kuchokera pamene tidzuka mpaka pamene tipuma usiku, moyo wathu umapangidwa ndi dongosolo locholoŵana la zinthu, mapulaneti, ndi magawo. Malo osawonekawa. Malowa opanga zinthu zamakhalidwe ndi zachuma, chikhalidwe, ndi njira zolankhulirana ndi anthu. Kufufuza kumeneku kumachititsa zinthu zambiri kuposa mmene timachitira, kuphunzira, kulamulira, ndi kumasulira. Ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zambiri timangoona kuti si chinthu chongothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito luso la maphunziro, kuli ngati kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopezera chidziŵitso, kupanga zosankha, ndiponso kulimbikitsa chifundo m'dziko logwirizana kwambiri.

Makhalidwe a Anthu: Kupinga kwa Sosaite Kosaoneka

Malo a chikhalidwe ndiwo njira zokhalitsa za maunansi ndi mabungwe amene amaumba mmene munthu aliyense payekha ndi magulu ake amachitira zinthu. Samasintha koma amasintha m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, komabe amakhudza kwambiri mwayi, dzina, ndi mphamvu. Mitundu yodziŵika kwambiri imaphatikizapo madongosolo a m'magulu, kusiyanitsa anthu, mayanjano, ndi mabungwe a ma intaneti.

Madongosolo a Khirisimasi

Madongosolo a kalasi amaika anthu pa malo a kakhalidwe ka zachuma . Kusiyana ndi madongosolo a kagulu, madesiki, makalasi angokhala osasintha, ngakhale kuti kuyenderana kwa anthu kumasiyana kwambiri m'madera ena. M'maiko ambiri otukuka, anthu apakati amatumikira monga mphamvu yokhazikika, pamene kusalingana kwa ndalama kukupitirizabe kukulitsa mpata pakati pa madendesi apamwamba ndi a pansi. Kumvetsetsa mphamvu za makalasi n’kofunika kwambiri kwa opanga malamulo monga kupeza njira zopezera thanzi, nyumba, ndi maphunziro. Kupenda mwatsatanetsatane za nyumba mu U.S., onani lipoti la [FLT:] Prew Center yofufuza ya .

Njira Zopitira M’magulu

Madongosolo a kusankhana pakati amaimira umodzi wa mitundu yolimba kwambiri ya kakhalidwe, kupatsa anthu malo a moyo wonse ozikidwa pa kubadwa kapena choloŵa. M'mbiri yogwirizana ndi South Asia, kusankhana mafuko kumapitirizabe m’mitundu yosiyanasiyana padziko lonse, kusonkhezera ukwati, ntchito, ndi maudindo a anthu. Ngakhale kuti maiko ambiri athetsa mwalamulo tsankho la tsankho, makhalidwe a chikhalidwe ozama kaŵirikaŵiri amapitirizabe, kufunitsa kusintha dongosolo ndi maphunziro a chitaganya kutha.

Malamulo a Fuko ndi Kinship

Mafuko amagogomezera ubale, kugwirizana, ndi makolo a anthu amtundu umodzi. Zimakhalabe pakati pa anthu ambiri a m'dzikolo ndipo zimapereka lingaliro la kukhala ndi moyo wamakono wa m’mizinda. M'nyengo yogwirizana padziko lonse, madongosolo ameneŵa amachitanso mbali yaikulu m'ufulu wa dziko, kusungidwa kwa chikhalidwe, ndi kuimira kwa ndale zadziko. Kumvetsetsa ulamuliro wa mafuko nkofunika pantchito ya kutukuka kwa dziko lonse ndi ufulu wa anthu.

Malo Opangira Intaneti

M’zaka za m’ma 2000, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ayamba kukhala gulu lodziwika kwambiri. Mapulatifomu monga Compinted In, Facebook, ndi anthu aluso kwambiri amapanga malo ochezera a anthu ogwirizana, ogwirizana, ndiponso odziŵitsa zinthu. Mosiyana ndi magulu apamwamba a anthu, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi madzi ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apite patsogolo pantchito, komanso amachititsa anthu kuderali kuti azidera nkhawa za zipinda zokhala ndi mawu ndiponso kuti azitha kupeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Ulamuliro: Kulinganiza Kodabwitsa Kofuna Ufulu

Mitundu ya kulamulira imasankha mmene mphamvu imagaŵidwira, mmene zosankha zimapangidwira, ndi mmene nzika zimakhalira ndi phande m'moyo wapoyera. Pamene kuli kwakuti palibe dongosolo lenileni la dziko lofanana ndendende ndi chitsanzo chimodzi, magulu aakulu . "democracy, monarchy, athoritarianism , commun , kupanga galansi lothandiza kuyerekeza madongosolo andale.

Demokalase

Demokrase imavala mphamvu mwa anthu, makamaka kupyolera mwa oimira osankhidwa. Imapambana pa ndale zadziko, manyuzipepala aufulu, ulamuliro wa lamulo, ndi chitetezo cha ufulu wa munthu. Komabe, mademokrase amayang'anizana ndi zitokoso zonga ngati wosankha kutha ntchito, chisonkhezero cha ndalama m'ndale, ndi kubuka kwa magulu a populist amene amayesa kukhazikika. Intelligensian’s Democracy Index [1]

Monarchy

Maufumu amasumika mphamvu mu wolamulira mmodzi wolandira choloŵa, ngakhale kuti maufumu ambiri amakono ali alamulo, ndi monarch ikumatumikira monga mutu wa mwambo wa boma pamene mabungwe osankhidwa akulamulira. Maufumu a monarchy, omwe adakalipo m’maiko oŵerengeka, amaphatikiza maulamuliro aulamuliro, alamulo, ndi achiweruzo. Ochirikiza atsutsa a yunimalism amapereka chikhazikitso ndi kupitirizabe, pamene osuliza amanena za kusoweka kwa kuŵerengera mlandu ndi kuthekera kwa kulamulira mwankhanza.

Kulemba

Maboma audindo amakhazikitsa mphamvu mtsogoleri mmodzi kapena wapamwamba, kutsendereza chitsutso cha ndale zadziko ndi kuletsa ufulu wa anthu. Madongosolo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amalamulira mwa kusanthula, kuyang’anira, ndi chiŵiya champhamvu cha chisungiko. Kukula kwa chuma m'maboma ena a authoritarianism kwagwiritsiridwa ntchito kulungamitsa dongosololo, koma maulamuliro oterowo mosapeŵeka amaletsa kuyambika ndi ngozi pamene mpambo wa utsogoleri upikisano upikisano unakhala wopikisana.

Chikomyunizimu

Chikomyunizimu, monga lingaliro la ndale zadziko, chimalingalira chitaganya chosasankhana mmene njira zopimira ziliri za onse. M’chenicheni, maboma ambiri odzitcha okha asintha kukhala madongosolo a ufumu wa athomism amodzi, onga China, Cuba, ndi North Korea. Kusiyana pakati pa chikomyunizimu ndi kukwaniritsa kwake kopindulitsa nkofunika kwambiri kuti apende bwino. Mpata wa malingaliro pakati pa Marx ndi malamulo enieni a boma ndi mbali yaikulu ya maphunziro a asayansi andale zadziko.

Madongosolo Azachuma: Makina Opanga Zinthu Zopangidwa ndi Chuma

Mtundu wa dongosolo la zachuma limene chitaganya chimatengera uyang’aniro wa ntchito ndi malamulo a malo okhala. Magulu anayi aakulu . "makwalala, msika, kukonzekera, ndi kusanganiza [1] Iliyonse imakhala ndi mapindu ake ndi malonda.

Chuma Chamwambo

Chuma chamwambo chimadalira pa miyambo, miyambo, ndi njira zopezera chakudya. Zimapezeka kwambiri m'madera akumidzi kumene kulibe ulimi, kusaka, ndi kusonkhanitsa. Ngakhale kuti zimatha kukhazikika, kaŵirikaŵiri zimasoŵa zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndipo zimavutika ndi kupita patsogolo kwa luso la zopangapanga. Pamene misika yapadziko lonse ikukula, chuma chamwambo chikuloŵa m’madongosolo akuluakulu, kaŵirikaŵiri okhala ndi zotsatirapo zosiyanasiyana.

Chuma Chamasitolo

M'zamalonda, zosankha za malonda, zopanga malonda, zopereka, ndi kugaŵira zimayendetsedwa ndi kuperekedwa ndi boma kochepera. Ochirikiza amagogomezera kuyambika ndi kuyendetsa zinthu bwino, pamene osuliza amatchula za kusalingana kwa ndalama ndi kulephera kwa malonda monga ngati kuwonongeka kwa malo amodzi ndi malo okhala. United States ndi Singapore kaŵirikaŵiri amatchulidwa kukhala zitsanzo, ngakhale kuti onse aŵiri ali ndi malamulo aakulu a boma m’mbali zazikulu.

Kayendetsedwe ka Chuma Kolinganizidwa

Malo apakati amalamulira chuma ndi kupangidwa m’manja mwa boma. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale yogwirizana ndi Soviet Union ndi Maoist China, chuma cholinganizidwa chingapambane kutukuka kofulumira koma kaŵirikaŵiri chimakhala ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito, kusoŵa, ndi kusoŵa kwa ogula. North Korea idakali imodzi ya chuma choŵerengeka cholinganizidwa lerolino, ngakhale kuti maiko ambiri amalinganizabe mbali za maindasitale a ntchito zapadera monga mphamvu ndi chitetezo.

Chuma Chosiyanasiyana

Chuma chamakono chochuluka nchosanganizidwa, kugwirizanitsa malonda aumwini ndi njira za boma zothandizira anthu monga kupereka ndalama, malamulo a msonkho, ndi masikito a zachitetezo. Kulinganiza pakati pa ufulu wa malonda ndi ulamuliro wa boma kumasiyana mofala kwambiri. Nkhaŵa za Scandinavia zimadalira ku maboma amphamvu a zaumoyo, pamene United States imatembenukira ku kapitalizimu ndi malamulo. Zachuma zosanganizidwa zimayesa kuletsa kuyambika kwa misika ndi kuchepetsa kusiyana kwakukulu.

Maphunziro: Njira Zopezera Maphunziro ndi Mwaŵi

Maphunziro ndiwo maziko a likulu la anthu, koma mmene limalinganizidwira ndi kuperekedwa zimasiyana kwambiri padziko lonse. Magulu aakulu . "mpangidwe, mwamwaŵi, kusakhala kwa mtundu, ndi ntchito, (pamodzi ndi limodzi limathandiza zifuno ndi omvetsera osiyanasiyana.

Maphunziro Amwambo

Maphunziro apamwamba ndi olinganizidwa, apamwamba amene amachokera ku sukulu ya pulaimale mpaka ku yunivesite. Amayendetsedwa ndi mautumiki a maphunziro, otsatizana ndi makalasi, ndi opimidwa mwa kupima. Pamene kuli kwakuti maphunziro apamwamba amapereka ziyeso zofunika kaamba ka kupita patsogolo kwa ntchito, angakhalenso okhwimitsa ntchito, ochedwa kuzoloŵera kusintha kwa luso la zopangapangapanga. Maiko amene amagogomezera kwambiri maphunziro apamwamba kaŵirikaŵiri amatulutsa kulemba ndi kulemba ndi kulemba manambala koma anganyalanyaze luso lothandiza kapena maluso opindulitsa.

Maphunziro Amwamwaŵi

Maphunziro amwamwayi amachitidwa kunja kwa zipatala za boma . Mwachibadwa, kudzera m’banja, ausinkhu, chitaganya, ndi zoulutsira nkhani. N’zodziwikiratu, zamoyo wonse, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri zimasonkhezera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ana amaphunzira chinenero ndi chikhalidwe panyumba asanayambe sukulu. M'nyengo ya makompyuta, maphunziro amwayi kudzera mwa YouTubes, Internet, ndi manyuzi a zapakompyuta akhala magwero aakulu a luso la luso, makamaka m’zasayansi ndi zamalonda.

Maphunziro Osakhala Amtundu

Maphunziro osasintha amaphatikizapo kuphunzira molinganiza, monga makalasi auchikulire ophunzitsa kulemba ndi kulemba, makampani ochitiramo ntchito za anthu, ndi maseŵero. Maphunzirowo ndi olinganizidwa ndi osazikidwa pa mfundo zachidziŵikire. Maphunziro osasintha ndi ofunika kwambiri makamaka pa kuphunzira kwa moyo wonse ndi kwa anthu amene sanaphunzire. Programu zonga UNESCO’s Literacy Initive for Mascement (LIFE) ndi zitsanzo za zoyesayesa zapadziko lonse m'malo ano.

Maphunziro a Zopangapanga

Maphunziro a Vocational ndi maphunziro (VET) amasumika pa ntchito ndi maluso padera [1] Carpet, ntchito yamagetsi, woyamwitsa, IT , chikalata. Icho kaŵirikaŵiri chimaperekedwa kupyolera m'maphunziro a zopangapanga, masukulu a zopangapanga, ndi makoleji a anthu. M'maiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, maphunziro a ntchito amalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi kugwirizanitsidwa ndi maphunziro a sekondale, kukhazikitsa njira yowonekera bwino ya kuntchito yokhazikika. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, maiko ena omatukuka kumene amavutika kukweza malo a VET, kutsogolera ku kusiyana ndi ntchito ndi ulova pakati pa achichepere.

Chikhalidwe: Kachipangizo Kamene Timaona Padziko

Chikhalidwe chimaphatikizapo chilichonse kuyambira pa zinthu zimene timapanga kufika pa makhalidwe amene timatsatira. Kusiyana pakati pa zinthu zakuthupi ndi chikhalidwe chosakhala chakuthupi, komanso kusewera pakati pa chikhalidwe chotchuka ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, kumatithandiza kumvetsa kusiyana ndi kusintha.

Chikhalidwe cha Zinthu Zakuthupi

Chikhalidwe chakuthupi chimaphatikizapo zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu monga zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu, zipangizo, zojambula, luso la zojambulajambula. Zinthu zimenezi zimasonyeza makhalidwe a anthu, chuma, ndi mbiri yakale. Mwachitsanzo, chisinthiko cha malo osiyanasiyana ndi mafoni amasonyeza kuti zinthu zamakono sizikusintha chabe, kudalirana kwa zinthu zachinsinsi, kuyembekezera, ndi malo apamwamba a anthu. Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale ndizo zotchuka, koma zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku monga mipando ndi zosungiramo zakudya zimalongosolanso nkhani.

Chikhalidwe Chosakhala Chakuthupi

Chikhalidwe chosawoneka ndi chopanda chuma ndicho malo osawoneka a zikhulupiriro, malamulo, chinenero, ndi zizindikiro. Chimaphatikizapo chipembedzo, makhalidwe abwino, nkhani, ndi kuwonedwa kwa dziko. Pamene kuli kwakuti chikhalidwe chakuthupi chiri chowoneka, chikhalidwe chosakhala chakuthupi chimalamulira mmene anthu amamasulira ndi kugwirizana ndi dziko lakuthupi. Mwachitsanzo, lingaliro la nthaŵi limasiyana m'mafuko ena (omwe amasunga nthaŵi), pamene ena amagogomezera kusinthika ndi maunansi (apolychronic). Kulephera kumvetsetsa kaŵirikaŵiri kumabuka pamene malingaliro amwambo amwambo atsutsana.

Chikhalidwe Chotchuka

Chikhalidwe chotchuka chikunena za zinthu zachikhalidwe zimene zimafala kwambiri . "mavi, nyimbo, mafashoni, mapulogalamu a za mayanjano. Zimafalikira mofulumira kudzera m'manyuzipepala ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri zimasonkhezeredwa ndi malonda. Otsutsa amanena kuti chikhalidwe chotchuka chingapangitse miyambo yosiyanasiyana, koma chimaperekanso mfundo zofanana zodziŵira kulankhulana kwa dziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, kukwera kwa K-pop, kumasonyeza mmene chikhalidwe chotchuka chingawonjezere malire ndi kulimbikitsa kusintha chikhalidwe.

Zikhalidwe Zonyenga

Makhalidwe otsalira alipo m’zikhalidwe zazikulu ndi kukhala ndi machitachita osiyanasiyana, makhalidwe, ndi kuzindikira. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo punk, presting, permist, ndi magulu achipembedzo a kumaloko. Nthaŵi zambiri miyambo yachiphamaso imawonekera kukhala mitundu ya kutsutsa kapena mawu ena. Ingasonkhezere chikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri (m'jeng'onong'ono, zovala zapamsewu zochokera ku chikhalidwe chotsetsereka) ndi kupereka lingaliro la kukhala anthu amene amadziona kukhala opatuka. Kumvetsetsa miyambo ndiyo mfungulo ya malonda, akatswiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi opanga malamulo ofuna kutchuka.

Kulankhulana: Mmene Anthu Amalankhulirana

Kulankhulana ndi maziko a maunansi, mabungwe, ndi chitaganya. Popanda iko, palibe njira zina zogwirira ntchito. Mitundu yaikulu ya zinthu ndi "masewera, osagwiritsa ntchito mawu, maso, ndi manambala , ili ndi mphamvu ndi mbuna zapadera.

Kulankhulana

Kulankhulana kwa mawu kumagwiritsa ntchito mawu kapena kulemba. Kulankhulana ndi mawu kumathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mawu, kugogomezera, ndi kuyankha kwanthaŵi yeniyeni, pamene kulemba ndi mawu kumapereka mbiri yosasintha. Kulankhulana kogwira mtima kumafuna kumveka bwino, nkhani yake, ndi kumvetsera kogwira mtima. Kulankhulana molakwika kaŵirikaŵiri kumachokera ku kusiyana kwa chinenero, chikhokoso, kapena chikhalidwe.

Kulankhulana Kopanda Mawu

Kupanda kugwiritsa ntchito mawu a foni, majesichala, kuyang'ana m’maso, ndi malo a munthu payekha. Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 50% ya mphamvu ya uthenga si mphamvu ya magetsi. Komabe, matanthauzo amasiyanasiyana: kukwera kwa chala chimodzi kungakhale kothandiza ku U.S. koma kumakwiyitsa mbali zina za Middle East. Kuzindikira zizindikiro zosadziŵika bwino n’kofunika kwa akatswiri, ochiritsa, ndi aliyense wogwira ntchito m’malo osiyanasiyana.

Kulankhulana Kooneka

Kulankhulana kooneka kumagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi, zithunzi, zizindikiro, ndi mitundu popereka malingaliro. M'nyengo ya chidziŵitso chochuluka, makompyuta monga ma apergraphic, mmeme, ndi mathekitsi a maso kukulitsa kuzindikira ndi kukumbukira. Mapangano amadalira kwambiri pa mawonekedwe a zinthu ndi njira zamitundu. Zolemba za maphunziro, kujambula ndi zithunzi kungawongoletse kwambiri zotulukira, monga momwe zimachirikizidwa ndi chiphunzitso cha mitundu iŵiri.

Kulankhulana pa Zipangizo Zamakono

Kulankhulana kwamakono kumaphatikizapo ma email, kutumiza mauthenga, mavidiyo, makompyuta, ndi mapulogalamu ogwirizana. Kwathandiza ntchito zademokrase komanso kutheketsa ntchito zakutali, kugwirizana kwa dziko lonse, ndi nkhani zapanthaŵi yomweyo. Komabe, kulankhulana kwa pakompyuta kumayambitsanso mavuto: kusagwirizana kwa zinthu zogwiritsa ntchito Intaneti kungayambitse kusamvetsetsana, ndipo kusakhalitsa kwa malo a pa Intaneti kumayambitsa nkhaŵa zachinsinsi. Netiquette .

Luso la Zopangapanga: Zomwe Zikuchitika Masiku Ano

Luso la zopangapanga silimangogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zokha; ndilo mphamvu yaikulu yosintha ntchito, nyumba, ndi chizindikiro. Magawo anayi aakulu a luso la zopangapanga, sayansi ya zamoyo, luso la zopangapanga, ndi luso la zopangapanga la malo okhala, zikusiyanitsa kuchuluka kwa zotsatirapo za zimenezi.

Luso Lodziŵa Zachidziŵitso (IT)

IKO kumaphatikizapo charnior (makompyuta, maseŵero), pulogalamu (yothandiza makompyuta, mapulogalamu), ndi maneseti (a Intaneti, mtambo). Imalamulira zonse kuyambira kubanki mpaka kusamala zaumoyo mpaka ku zosangulutsa. Kukula kofulumira kwa luntha ndi mamakina ndi kuchuluka kwa makompyuta ndi kusintha kwaposachedwapa ndiko IFM, kudzutsa mafunso okhudza kugalamuka, malamulo, ndi mtsogolo mwa ntchito. Kufufuza mozama pa kachitidwe ka ntchito, kutanthauza GERT IT CY [[FFLT:1]]

Sayansi ya Zachilengedwe

Biotechnology imagwiritsa ntchito njira zachibadwidwe kupanga zinthu m’zamankhwala, zaulimi, ndi za indasitale. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo unjiniya wa majini, CRISPR, kupangidwa kwa katemera (monga momwe amasonyezera mliri wa Chovid-19), ndi zinyamulo. Mabayotech akulonjeza kuti adzachiritsa matenda a majini ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso akuwonjezera nkhaŵa ya makhalidwe abwino ponena za kukonza majini, kukonza majini mwa anthu, ndi kuopsa kwa malo okhalako.

Luso la Makompyuta

Makinawa ndi maziko a ntchito yopanga, zoyendera, ndi zomangamanga. Asayansi akusiya ntchito yamanja pokonza zinthu, kukonza mapulogalamu, ndi kupanga makompyuta.

Luso la Zachilengedwe

Luso la zotetezera malo okhala (kuyeretsa) likusumika pa njira zodalirika: mphamvu zotha kukonzanso (dzuŵa, mphepo, hydro), kubwezeretsa zotayidwa, kuyeretsa madzi, ndi kulanda carbon . Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kwasintha, kuikizidwa kwa luso la malo okhala. Zokhala monga mapulaneti a dzuŵa pa madenga ndi magalimoto amagetsi zikusintha, komabe kupima tekinoloji imeneyi kuti ifikire pa zofuna za dziko lonse kumafuna chifuniro chandale, chuma, ndi kupitiriza kufufuza. International Energy Agency ikupanganso njira zapadziko lonse.

Mapeto ake: Malo Olumikizirana ndi Mabuku

Magulu amene tafufuzawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga chikhalidwe cha anthu, kuyendetsa zinthu, maphunziro, chikhalidwe, kulankhulana, ndi luso lamakono. Kusintha kwa njira imodzi kudzera mwa zina. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kuchoka pa ulamuliro wa authoritarianism kupita ku ulamuliro wa demokrase kungachititse kuti tiyambe kupanga madongosolo a zachuma, amene amakhudza ndalama zamaphunziro, zimene zimasokoneza luso la zopangapanga zinthu. Momwemonso, kupita patsogolo kwa luso lamakono la zolankhulana ndi kuyambitsa mayanjano atsopano amene anakhazikitsa ma shitariki. Kuzindikira zimenezi kumatipatsa mphamvu yopanga madongosolo a zachuma, kuchirikiza mfundo zosalakwika, ndi kuyamikira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene anthu atulukira. Kukula kwa luso la kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kumeneku sikuli chizindikiro cha nzeru zapamwamba chabe kwa zaka za m'ma 2000.