Kukongola kwa Kakhalidwe ndi Zandale pa Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Gululo

Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) inatulukira kumayambiriro kwa ma 1900 kuchokera ku gulu la Union Union limene linasonkhanitsa kutsutsana ndi Ulamuliro wa Panyumba wa Irish. Irish Unionism Alliance, yomwe inapangidwa m’ma 1880, inapereka malo oyamba kwa awo amene anafuna kusungitsa mgwirizano wa boma pakati pa Great Britain ndi Ireland. Komabe, vuto la Third Home Palance Bill (1912-1914) linayambitsa bungwe la Ulster -centricism. Linatsogoleredwa ndi Edward Carson ndi James Craig, Ulsteristism inachititsa gulu lankhondo (Gulu la Royauay) ndi boma lokhazikitsa malamulo, kusonyeza kufunitsitsa kwawo kutsutsa ulamuliro wa Dublin mwa mphamvu ngati kunali kofunika. Gulu limeneli lina linapanga chipani cha Uup liumba chipani cha Uup kukhala chipani choyambirira ndi kukhulupirika.

Pamene boma la Ireland Act 1920 linagawa chisumbucho ndi kulenga Northern Ireland monga gulu lodzilamulira lokha mkati mwa UK, UUP anakhala gulu lachilengedwe la boma. Kwa theka lotsatira lapakati, adakhala ndi mphamvu mosalekeza [1] de coriormaning imodzi m'dziko la kumpoto chakummaŵa. Panthaŵiyi, malamulo a gululo anafotokozedwa ndi malamulo atatu: kutetezera mgwirizano walamulo ndi Britain, kutetezera unyinji wachikhalire wa Unical ndi kuyendetsa zinthu zapadera, ndipo pamene anafunikira, gerrymanndering , ndi kutsutsa chivomerezo chirichonse cha ku Ireland. Gululo linayang'aniranso gulu la apolisi ogwirizana kwambiri (Royal Ulsterstabs) ndi gulu la Ofera Ustery Systerlay U.

UP, UP inayambitsa kugwirizana ndi Orange Order, gulu la a Protesitanti. Misonkhano ya chaka ndi chaka ya gululo kaŵirikaŵiri inamvedwa ndi Orange hower medio, ndipo atsogoleri ambiri a zipani anali akuluakulu a Orangemen. Kuphatikizana kumeneku kwa ndale zadziko ndi chipembedzo kunatanthauza kuti UUP inali, kwa zaka makumi ambiri, yosagwirizana ndi kutetezera kwa Aprotesitanti. Midzi ya Akatolika ndi autundu inachotsedwa pa ulamuliro ndipo, m’zochitika zambiri, kuchokera ku ku kupezeka kwabwino kwa nyumba, ntchito, ndi mautumiki a anthu onse. Mazingwe ampatuko ameneŵa pomalizira pake anasonkhezera kuyenera kwa Akatolika a 1960.

Pakati pa Maselo a M’kati ndi Kufunafuna Kukhazikika

Pofika m'ma 1950, ulamuliro wa UUP unawonekera kukhala wosatsutsika, koma kusagwirizana kwakukulu kwa anthu kunakula. Utsogoleri wa gululo pansi pa Basil Brooke (Ambuye Brookeugh) anasunga lamulo la kusasudzula, kuchotsa zidzudzulo za dziko. Komabe, kufalikira kwa chuma kwa pambuyo pa nkhondo ya UP kunayamba kuwononga makampani a mwambo monga kumanga ndi kuvala zovala, kukakamiza gululo kulingalira za kuwonjezereka kwa chuma. Kulengedwa kwa Northern Ireland Development Council mu 1955 ndi zoyesayesa kukopa alendo kuchokera ku United States [1] adapanga kusinthitsa malonda a zachuma chamakono. Komabe, malamulo a kakhalidwe kakhalidwe kakhalidwe ka anthu anakhalabe odetsedwa kwambiri, ndi malamulo ofufuza ndi kulinganiza koyandikana ndi ziphunzitso za Tchalitchi za Chikatolika pankhani zachisudzulo, zofanana ndi kuwonetsera kwa chipembedzo, zomwe zinali zogwirizana m'nkhani zina za UK.

Ma 1960 adabweretsa kusintha kwa kuyambika kwa kampani ya Terence O’Neill (1963-1969). O’Neill anazindikira kuti kupulumuka kwa UP kwa nthaŵi yaitali kunafunikira kufikira kwa gulu la anthu a dziko la UP ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zamakono ku Northern Ireland. Anayambitsa kulinganiza kwa zachuma, kuwongolera kugwirizana kwa malire ndi Depabuliki ya Ireland, ndipo mophiphiritsira anakumana ndi Taoissull Seán Lemasss mu 1965 . Kuswa kwa maziko kwa mtsogoleri wa Unist Union. O’Neill anayesanso kusintha boma lakumeneko ndi nyumba kuti akambirane milandu imene Northernern Covil Rights Association Association inali itayamba kumveka. Komabe, njira yake yogaŵanitsa gululo. Harline Union, kuphatikizaponso kugaŵana kwa chipani cha Ddist Union Divist Union (DU.), O Neill anayesanso kusintha njira zopereka ufulu wa anthu ku Democrist (U.) monga kutuluka kwa mavuto a U.

Mkati mwa zaka zoyambirira za Mavuto, UUP inagwidwa pakati pa boma la Britain logamulapo kukhazikitsa chisungiko ndi kusintha kwa ndale zadziko ndi bungwe la Unionst yomwe inafuna chivomerezo champhamvu ku Irish Republican Army (IRA). Kuikidwa kwa Lamulo la Chilamulo kuchokera ku London mu 1972 kunali kunyazitsa kwakukulu kwa gululo, kuichotsa pa boma lopatuka lomwe linagaŵidwa. Lamulo la UUP linatsutsa kuyankha kosiyana: linatsutsa Briteni “kugwiritsira ntchito ntchito [1] pamene kuli kwakuti linachitanso mbali ya mphamvu zoyesera, kuphatikizapo Chipangano chachidule cha Suningivendale mu 1973. Kuyesa kwachidule kwa dzuŵa, kumene kunayambitsa chiwopsezo cha mtanda ndi bungwe la Ireland, kunawonongedwa ndi mkulu wa bungwe la Hauble mu 1974, chifukwa cha kusatha kutsogolera kwake kwaunika kwaudzu.

Kuyenda Kwanthaŵi Yotalikira ku Pangano Labwino Lachisanu

Ma 1980 ndi kumayambiriro kwa ma 1990 inali nyengo ya kugamula kwa UUP. Pansi pa utsogoleri wa James Molyneaux (1979-19995), chipanicho chinatenga lamulo la “integist" . "Kugwirizana kwa Northern Ireland kuyenera kugwirizanitsidwa mokwanira mu UK, popanda boma lopatulidwa. Chivomerezo chimenechi chinasonyeza kuipidwa ndi kusokonezeka ndi chikhumbo cha kupeŵa kugwirizana kulikonse ndi Republic. Komabe, Anglo-Irish Revention ya 1985, imene inapatsa Dublin malo ofunsira ku Northern Ireland, okwirira Union ndi UUP kukakamiza kuvomereza. Gulu la anthu otsutsa ndi mnyamata wa palamentiko koma anakwaniritsa. Chipanganocho chinasonyeza kuti boma la Britain linali lofunitsitsa kuchita zinthu zogwirizana ndi ufulu wandale.

Kusankhidwa kwa David Trimble monga mtsogoleri wa chipani mu 1995 kunasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu kwa ulamuliro wa SDLP. Trimble, yemwe kale anali profesa wa zamalamulo, anazindikira kuti kakhalidwe ka anthu ndi kusintha kwa dziko kunachititsa ulamuliro wa Union kukhala wosatha. Anazindikiranso kuti njira yamtendere, yoyambitsidwa ndi John Hume wa SDLP ndi kuchirikizidwa ndi maboma a Britain ndi Ireland, inapereka mpata wabwino koposa wa kukhazikika kwa dzikolo (kalelo) pamene inali kuyang'anirana ndi andale za dzikolo. Trible inali yotsutsana pakati pa gululo. Iye anakankhira “Yee" ndawala ya Chigamu ya Chilungamo cha Aŵiri cha Aŵiri cha Kuyankhuli (GA) mu 1998, mosasamala kanthu kuti panali chitsutso chachikulu cha pakati pa dziko la UUP, ndi kugaŵana kwa andende za ku Northern, ndi kutulutsa chigwirizano chachikulu cha chivomeretso cha chivomezi cha ku Ireland, kutsimikizira chivomeretso chakunja chakunja chakunja chakumpona chaku, chiyakuti mu 1998, chipani chaku

Chichirikizo cha gulu la GFA chinachotsedwa. Kwanthaŵi yoyamba, UUP anavomereza lamulo lalamulo la kuvomereza [1] kuti malo a Northern Ireland angasinthe kokha mwa kuvota kwa demokrase [1] ndi kudzipereka ku boma logawana ndi adziko ndi a republican. Zimenezi zinaimira kutha kwakukulu kwa mbiri yakale kwa kuumirira kwachikhalire kwa bungwe la Unist Union. Trimble anakhala Mtsogoleri woyamba mu mkulu wa mphamvu zatsopano, udindo umene iye adausunga panthaŵi imodzi pamene mabungwe andale analeka kuchitika m'mavuto a IRA coming, poliging, polic, ndi kuthamanga kwa kuchotsa kwa ulamuliro wa boma.

Kusoŵa kwa Zinthu ndi Kutsika kwa UP

Nthambi ya pambuyo pa GFA inali, yodabwitsa, ina ya kutsika kwa voti kwa UP. Chipanichi chinapereka ochirikiza ake olimba kwambiri ku Chipani cha Democratic Union (Dup) pansi pa Ian Paisley. M'chosankha cha 2003 Msonkhano, DuP inatenga UP kwa nthaŵi yoyamba, ndipo pofika 2007, Dupup inakhala gulu logwirizana. UP’s style, pamene kuli kofunika kaamba ka dongosolo la mtendere, inatayitsa kuchirikiza kwa chipani cha Flovice amene analingalira kuti chipanicho chinavomereza mopambanitsa. Lingaliro lakuti UUPUP “inataya mtendere wotsalabe mu nthanthi za Chipani. Trim anachotsa utsogoleri mu 2005 pambuyo pa masankhoti a Westminstern.

Pambuyo pa oloŵa mmalo monga Reg Empey, Tom Elliott, Mike Nesbitt, ndi Robin Swann, UUP analimbana kuti adzisiyanitse ndi Dup pamene anali kusunga mkhalidwe wake wa kusungitsa. Gululo linatenga lamulo la “kutsimikizirana ndi njira yamtendere”, kuchirikiza magulu pamene adagwira ntchito koma akutsutsa zimene anaona kukhala zopindulitsa. Nkhani za mayanjano, UUP pang’onopang’ono anagwirizana ndi UK Contatisism, kuchirikiza maukwati a anthu a anthu oyambirira koma pambuyo pake adasintha maganizo a anthu onse. Mu 2020, gululo linathetsa chitsutso chake cha kutsutsa ukwati wofanana ndi wauchiŵanda, kusonyeza kufalikira kwake ku UK Conatismonism.

Brexit metapendium ya 2016 inayambitsa chitokoso chatsopano. UUP, mofanana ndi Dupu, inapanga ndawala ya kukhalabe mu European Union , koma voti ya UK yapadziko lonse inadzutsanso funso la malire. Gululo linatsutsa lamulo la Northern Ireland Programme, limene linapanga malire ndi malire a dziko la Irish Sea, likutsutsa kuti ligwetse UP. Komabe, UP anatenga njira yocheperapo yokambirana ndi DuP, kulimbikitsa boma la Britain kukambirana ndi mapangano mmalo mwa kugwetsa zigwirizano za mphamvu. Gululo linagogomezera lamulo la Prest-Britisk kupangitsa “Brexit kugwira ntchito kwa anthu onse ku Northern Ireland, kulinganiza mgwirizano ndi kukhazikitsa kwa mtendere.

Lamulo la Zachuma ndi Kakhalidwe ka Anthu m’Zaka za Zana la 21

M’zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo, UUP wakhazikitsa mfundo zimene zimayesa kugwirizanitsa mgwirizano ndi zolinga zaumoyo ndi zachikatikati ndi zachuma. Pa zachuma, chipanicho chimathandiza misonkho yotsika ya bizinesi, zomangamanga, ndi zoyendetsera zinthu zomangamanga, ndi kukonzanso. Imene yalimbikitsa kupikisana kwa chuma cha Northern Ireland kumene kungakope anthu akunja, makamaka ku US ndi Asia. Gululi lachirikizanso “Union past ". . . .AGUS, kuti ku Northern Ireland kupindula ndi kugwirizana kwakukulu kwa UK. . . Koma lazindikira kwambiri kufunika kwa dziko kuti liwongokonza chuma ndi kukonza chuma chake.

Thanzi ndi maphunziro ndi zofunika kwambiri m'banja. UUP wachirikiza mosalekeza lamulo la ntchito ya zaumoyo padziko lonse, popanda kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma watsutsa kaamba ka chipambano chachikulu, kuchepetsa mindandanda ya kuyembekezera, ndi kugwirizana kokulira pakati pa thanzi ndi mayanjano. M'maphunziro, gulu limatetezera ufulu wa makolo wakusankha maphunziro (“11 percent” sukulu ya galamalansi), lamulo limene limaisiyanitsa ndi Sinn Féin ndi SDLP, amene amayanja maphunziro ofala. Gululo limachirikizanso maphunziro ogwirizana ndi kugaŵana omwe amabweretsa pamodzi Aprotestanti ndi ana Achikatolika, kusonyeza kudzipereka kwake kugwirizanitsa popanda kuchotsa dongosolo la sukulu lomwe lilipo.

Pankhani za mayanjano, UUP wasintha pang'onopang'ono. Ilo linachirikiza kuperekedwa kwa lamulo la kuchotsa mimba mu 2019-2020, ngakhale kuti likusiyana kwa mkati, ndipo tsopano likuchirikiza lamulo lamakono limene limalola kutaya mimba m'nkhani za kulakwa kwakupha ndi ngozi yaikulu ku thanzi la mayi. Chilungamo cha gululo pa kudziŵika kwake ndi kulingana kwa lamulo la kuchotsa mimba chasinthanso; tsopano limachirikiza chitetezo chalamulo choletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa mkhalidwe ndi chisembwere, ngakhale kuti likutsutsa “masukulu a zamwambo a LGBT + ophunzira ndi zitetezero za kugonana zimene anthu ake osunga mwambowo amalingalira kukhala zofunika. Chisinthiko chasintha chimenechi chimasonyezanso kuyesayesa kwa gulu la anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo osankhana ndi akazi achichepere, pamene chikusunga chigwirizano chake chachikulu.

Thanzi la Mgwirizano ndi Maso Abwino a UP

UUP ntchito ya UP idakali yotetezera Unic , koma chipanicho tsopano chimalongosola zimenezi m’mawu abwino ndi osaphatikizapo kuposa kale. Mmalo mwa kungotsutsa umodzi wa ku Ireland, UUP imachirikiza lingaliro la kugwirizana kumene kuli kwa onse, mwaŵi wa zachuma, ndi unzika ya Briteni. Gululo limatsutsa kuti Chigwirizano nchachikulu kuposa kulamulira kwa anthu, miyambo yalamulo, ndi kupezeka ku malo aakulu. “Chigwirizano cha Chipani cha Aachiapani cha ” chimafuna kukopa awo amene angakhale osagwirizana ndi kubadwa kwa Aprotesitanti kapena kubadwa koma amene amaŵerengera chigwirizano cha Britain kaamba ka zifukwa zenizeni kapena malingaliro.

Chipanichi chinafunikiranso kuvomereza ku kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu ku Northern Ireland. Chiŵerengero cha 2021 chinasonyeza kuti chiŵerengero cha Akatolika tsopano chikuposa pang'ono chiŵerengero cha Aprotestanti, kusintha kwa mbiri. Chivomerezo cha UUP chakhala kutsutsa kuti Unic siiyenera kukhala ntchito yachipembedzo koma yandale: anthu a chiyambi chilichonse angachirikize Chigwirizano monga nkhani ya kusankha ndi chikondwerero. Gululo lakhazikitsa mokangalika Chikatolika kuima ku Westminster mu chisankho cha 2024 ndi kukweza zitsimikizo zake zokhala zaunyinji. Pamene kuli kwakuti njira imeneyi yakhala ndi chipambano chochepa, imaimira kutha kwakukulu kwa gulu la Oreolentiodenti.

Masinthidwe Okulira m’Kachitidwe ka UP: Chidule

  • preadnal 1900 (Kutetezera): Kutetezera kwa chigwirizano; chitsutso ku Ulamuliro wa Panyumba; kudalira pa Orange Order ndi magulu ankhondo okhulupirika; kusungidwa kwa ulamuliro wandale ndi wa zachuma.
  • 1920s-1960s (Boma limodzi la Chigawo): Kulamulira kwa voti kupyolera mwa kuyendetsa; tsankho m'nyumba ndi ntchito; kuunjikana ndi Orange Order; kutsendereza kwa kusagwirizana kwa utundu; zoyesayesa za mkati pansi pa O’Neill.
  • 1968-1988 (Mavuto ndi Programme ya Mtendere): [[FLT :1] imagawanikana mkati chifukwa cha kusintha; kutengamo mbali mu Sunningdale; mbali ya kugwirizanitsa; potsirizira pake kuvomereza Chipangano Chabwino Lachisanu; kulandira mphamvu zolamulira ndi mfundo zachikhalidwe.
  • (1998-2020 (Nthaŵi ya Mandimu): [[FLT :1] kuchirikiza mabungwe ochotsedwa mosasamala kanthu za mavuto; kuchepa kwa sankho ku DUP; kugonja kwa mayanjano; chisinthiko kulinga ku mgwirizano wa boma; kutsutsa malamulo a lamulo koma pangano la ukwati.
  • 2020-0 (kusintha kwa Masinthidwe ndi Demographic): ndawala ya kusintha kwa Protocol; kugogomezera pa kugwirizana kophatikiza, kosakhala kwa magulu; kuchirikiza kutsalira m'makedzana a UK ochitidwa kukambitsirana; kulinganiza kwamakono pa nkhani za mayanjano ndi zinthu zofanana.

Mapeto: Filosofi Yokhalitsa Koma Yosandulika

Ulster Unionsist Party yasintha kwambiri zaka zana limodzi (kusintha kwakukulu) kuchokera ku kusokonezeka maganizo, kupyola zaka makumi ambiri za ulamuliro wampatuko, chiwawa cha Mavuto, kulolerana kwa mtendere, ndi kusatsimikizirika kwa Brexit. Malamulo ake achokera ku kutetezera, kugwirizana kotheratu, ku kuchepetsa, ndi kulinganiza, ngakhale ngati gululo lataika mbali yake yakale ya ufulu wake. UUP ndi gulu limene limatetezerabe dzikolo koma limachirikizabe ndi chinenero cha anthu, chuma chenicheni, ndi kuyanjana. Limachirikiza mabungwe a Good Wear Becove Reconvement, ngakhale pamene likutsutsa zolakwa zawo, ndipo likufunafuna chigwirizano chimene chili chodalirika ndi kuIrland popanda kuwopa kutha. Ngati gulu la chikanikanso kupambana kwa chipani cha chiwonjerenjere cha chiwonjere cha chiwonjeko cha chiwonjeko. Ngati chingakhale choperekanso mphamvu kupambana kwa chivomezi cha chivomezi cha chiwonjeko cha chiwonjeko cha chika cha chiwonjeko cha chikunja cha chikunja cha chikunja cha chikunja cha

Zaka khumi zikubwerazo zidzayesa mphamvu ya UUP. Ngati UP ifunikira kupitiriza kukopa achichepere, ovota adziko m'chigawo chimene chimakhala ndi madzi ambiri. Iyenera kuyendetsa mocholoŵana kwambiri pa malowa a post-Brhitit, kuthekera kwa kugawa kwa maukwati, ndi mavuto opitirizabe a kugawana kwa magaŵano. Ngati UP ingapitirizebe kuwunikira "kusintha "kusinthani" ndi kumbuyo kwake pamene idakali yoikitsa lamulo lake lalamulo pamene ikukhala yowonjezereka. U. Iyenerabe kuchotsa malo monga gulu la maukwati a anthu okhala ndi choloŵa m'dziko limene lili ndi malo oyenerera kwambiri m'dzikolo motsutsana kwambiri ndi kupambana: mmene zipata zapakati pa zinzake za chigawo chakunja lakunja lakunja lakusoŵa. [FFFUF:0] Suptions Subs Subs Subssssssssssss) kuzungulira pa pulotions prosettoutectionssss of Supertouver as prose proset pro