Kumvetsetsa Chiyambi cha Malemba: Njira ya Chilungamo ya Tomasi

Woweruza Clarence Thomas wakhala wochirikiza wosasintha ndi wamphamvu kwambiri wa kuyambirira kwa Khoti Lalikulu. Pamene kuli kwakuti machiweruzo ena nthaŵi zina amatchula tanthauzo la poyamba m'nkhani zina, Thomas amagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya lamulo lalamulo. Kwa iye, kuyambirira sikuli kokha kuswa kapena chipangizo chothandiza; ndiyo njira yokha yovomerezeka yomasulira malamulo olembedwa. Iye wanena m’malingaliro osiyanasiyana kuti ntchito ya judicariary ndiyo “kusintha tanthauzo la lamulo lapoyera la anthu a bomalo. M’malo mwa kukonza kapena kuwongolera mfundo zamakono. Chiphunzitsochi chimamtsogolera ku zotsatira zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimagwirizana ndi malingaliro andale otchuka, koma Thomas amatsatira zosankha zake m’malemba ndi mbiri yakale, osati zaumwini.

Kumasulira kwa munthu, monga momwe Thomas amachitira, kumafuna kusanthula kolimba kwa magwero a mbiri yakale: makambitsirano pa Confternal Convention, Federalist Papers ya boma, zolembedwa za kalembedwe, ndi madikishonale ndi malongosoledwe a nthaŵi imodzi. Iye akupendanso njira ya pambuyo pa kutembenuza kutsimikizira zimene anthu akanakhala atamvetsetsa lembalo. Njira imeneyi imatulutsa zotulukapo zimene zingakhale zodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, Thomas watsutsa kuti kumvetsetsa koyambirira kwa Commercial Claus n’kochepa kwambiri kuposa kumasulira kwamakono kochirikiza malamulo a boma, komanso adatsutsanso kuti kuzindikira koyamba kwa ufulu kapena Imnonies Claus kumateteza ufulu wosiyana ndi ufulu umene makhoti amakono anyalanyaza.

Chiyambi cha Thomas kaŵirikaŵiri chimasiyanitsidwa ndi “lamulo lamoyo”, limene limanena kuti tanthauzo la Malamulo lingasinthike ndi chitaganya. Thomas akutsutsa lingaliro limenelo kukhala lotsutsana ndi lamulo, akumanena kuti limapatsa oweruza mphamvu zambiri kukhazikitsa mapindu awo. Mmalomwake, iye amakhulupirira kuti ngati anthu akufuna kusintha mmene boma lawo limagwirira ntchito, iwo ayenera kusintha malamulowo kupyolera mwa kachitidwe ka ka ka kalamulo, osati kudalira pa oweruza kukhazikitsanso malamulowo.

Malamulo Aakulu Aposachedwapa Osonkhezeredwa ndi Chiyambi cha Chilungamo cha Tomasi

Kusintha kwachiŵiri: New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen (2022)

Bruen [BL] mwinamwake ali chitsanzo chowonekera bwino cha njira ya Thomas yoyambirira yodziŵira kuti akuyendetsa chosankha chachikulu. Kulembera ambiri, Thomas adakhulupirira kuti “chochititsa chachikulu” cha kunyamula mfuti yobisika chinaswa Kusintha kwachiŵiri. Iye anakana kupenda komalizira kwa makhoti aang'ono komwe anagwiritsira ntchito zaka zambiri ndipo mmalo mwake anakhazikitsa kuyesa kwatsopano: kaya ngati malamulo otokosawo ali“ ogwirizana ndi mwambo wa mbiri yakale wa dziko la dziko la mfuti. Ichi chikufuna makhoti atulukire a mbiri yakale kuchokera ku nyengo yopezedwa ndi, m'nkhani zina, kapena ngati malamulo amakono ali ogwirizana ndi malamulo a boma. [FULTs:]

Chipembedzo Liberty: Kennedy kuphatikiza ndi Bremermanton School District (2022)

Mu Kannedy , Thomas analemba lingaliro lokhala lokhala lokhala lothandiza limene linachirikiza lingaliro lake loyamba la Kukhazikitsa Claus . Nkhaniyo inaloŵetsapo mlangizi wa mpira wa mpira wachitanyu wa sekondale amene anapemphera pa mzera wa 50 wa maseŵero. Ambiri, kupyolera mwa Woweruza Gorfo, anachirikiza kuti pemphero la mlangizi linali lachinsinsi lotetezedwa ndi First Amendment. Thomas anapitirizabe, akumatsutsa kuti kukhazikitsa Claus kunangomvedwa poyambirira kuletsa boma kukhazikitsa tchalitchi cha dzikolo, osati kuletsa boma kapena mawu a chipembedzo. Iye wachirikiza kwa nthaŵi yaitali kaamba ka “matanthauzo oyambirira" a kukhazikitsa Claus, kumene kukana kuimira kwake kwa oseŵera. Pamene kuli kwakuti ambiri sanatengerenso kaimidwe kake, Thomas anagwirizana ndi mfundo zake, iye akuvomereza zisonyezero zogwirizana ndi malamulo ngati za Khoti.

Kuchotsa mimba: Dobbs ndi Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022)

Ngakhale kuti Thomas anagwirizana ndi lingaliro la ambiri mu [FLT: 0] Madob amene analamulira mowonjezereka. Iye sananene kuti malamulo a boma siabwino kuchotsa mimba, komanso [[FLT]] Kapeti, analemba kugwirizana kwake kosiyana [kudziwitsa kuwonjezera malingaliro ake oyambirira. Iye sananene kuti malamulo a malamulowo samateteza ufulu wa kuchotsa mimba, komanso kuti Bwalo liyenera kuonanso njira zina zofunikira, kuphatikizapo [FFT:6] [FFLT] [iption: kapena kuti, mfundo zake zachigamu zachimo zachimo zachi. Zimake za m'chimopepe, zomwe zinamuthandiza kuti zikhale zolakwika. [Foctive]

Chiweruzo Chaupandu: United States v. Taylor (2022)

Mu , Thomas adatsutsa kumasulira kwa ambiri kwa lamulo la boma limene linayesa Hobbs Act kulanda “upandu wa chiwawa” kaamba ka zifuno za kuwonjezera. Pamene kuli kwakuti ambiri anagwiritsira ntchito zolembedwa zamakono ndi malamulo a anthu, Thomas anatsutsa khoti chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza tanthauzo loyambirira la lamulo. Anatsutsa kuti malemba, monga momwe anadziŵidwira panthaŵi ya kuimitsa, sanaphatikizepo kuyesa kuba monga cholakwa. Kutsutsa kwake mochenjera kugwiritsa ntchito kwa mbiri yakale kwa “roberber" ndi kachitidwe kofala kachitidwe ka zoyesayesa. Nkhaniyi imasonyeza mmene Thomas amagwiritsira ntchito kusakhala koyambirira kwa malamulo a boma komanso kumasulira, kuvomereza, monga ngati kuyang'anira, kuyenera kutsogolera, pamene akusonyezanso kulakwa.

Federal Power: West Virginia ndi EPA (2022)

Ngakhale kuti Woweruza Wamkulu Roberts anakhazikitsa lingaliro launyinji pa nkhani yaikulu ya chiphunzitso, Thomas analemba mawu ogwirizana amene anazika chigamulocho m’malamulo oyambirira. Anatsutsa kuti malamulo a EPA a dongosolo la mpweya wa dziko lapansi kupyolera mwa Diec Air Act anaswa chiphunzitso chosadalirika chifukwa chakuti Congress sanalonjeze bwino pulogalamu yosatha imeneyo. Chiphunzitso cha Thomas cha kuyambirira chinamtsogolera kukhulupirira kuti Congress sunga mphamvu zake zalamulo ku mabungwe a boma; Kukhazikitsa kwa Classiass of Articles of the Plueces I, II, ndi II kukhazikitsa kulekana kolimba kwa mphamvu zimene boma lamakono lauyang'anira limalakwa. [Foctive:] Virginia Virginia. . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chiyambukiro Chotakata pa Bwalo Lamilandu Lalikulu ndi Chiphunzitso cha Malamulo

Chiphunzitso cha Thomas choyambirira chasinthanso mfundo za Khoti Lalikulu ndi mfundo za mkangano. Ngakhale oweruza amene savomereza kotheratu kuyambirira kwa zinthu, monga Woweruza Wamkulu Roberts ndi Jasitisi Kavanaugh, tsopano nthaŵi zonse amatchula tanthauzo lapoyera la malingaliro awo. Kusinthaku kukuonekera kwambiri m'nkhani zachiŵiri za Kukonzanso zinthu ndi zachipembedzo, kumene mbiri yakale yakhala maziko a . Akatswiri a malamulo, akatswiri a zamalamulo, ndi oweruza a m’makhoti atha tsopano kufufuza kwanthaŵi yaikulu kuti apeze magwero a anthu kuti agwirizane ndi mayeso a Thomas.

Chisonkhezero cha Thomas chikufika pambali pa malingaliro ake ambiri. Kutsutsa kwake ndi kugwirizana kwake kaŵirikaŵiri kumaika mapu a msewu kaamba ka mapeseji a mtsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, solo coconterance mu McDonald v. Chicago . (20:0) adatsutsa kuti mwaŵi kapena ma Immunoclas, si galimoto yokhazikitsa Malamulo Achiŵiri ku maboma. Pamene sanapambane, kulimbikira kwake kunasunga chigamulo m'kagawa, ndipo akatswiri ena tsopano akutsutsa kuti Bwalo lingabwezezenso nkhaniyo. Malingaliro ake amatumikiranso monga otsutsa Chilungamo choyamba cha Gornism kapena Chilungamo cha Gorn, kutsutsana ndi Chilungamo cha mbiri yakale, Kagan.

M'liwu la 2023-2024, Thomas analemba lingaliro la anthu ambiri mu verformman v. Colorado (2023) yomwe inagwiritsira ntchito “kupanda mphamvu” kwa muyezo wa ziwopsezo zenizeni, koma adatero poumiriza kuti tanthauzo la First Reconst Reformation likhale lofanana ndi lija. Ngakhale pamene voti yake igwirizana ndi mapiko omasuka, monga momwe nthaŵi zina imachitira m'nkhani zophatikizapo malamulo a boma kapena njira zaupandu, malingaliro ake amakhalabe oyambika kwambiri. Tsokle inapatsa jurisprance yake mfundo yakuti oweruza ena ochepa angagwirizane.

Kusuliza ndi Kutetezera Kuyamba kwa Tomasi

Kusuliza

Otsutsa amanena kuti kukhazikitsa kwa Thomas kumagwiritsiridwa ntchito mosankha ndi kutsogolera ku zotulukapo zimene zimagwirizana ndi malingaliro a m'mabungwe kapena amwambo. Amatchula zochitika pamene amanyalanyaza machitachita a m'mbiri amene amavuta. Mwachitsanzo, kumasulira kwake kwa kukhazikitsa kwa Claus kungalola pemphero la boma, chinachake chimene Woyambitsa yekha angakhale atatsutsa mogwirizana ndi nkhani za mpikisano wa Congress. Ena amatsutsa kuti mbiri yakale ili yosagwirizana: pakuti magwero alionse a Kupezako achirikiza kukonza kwachiŵiri kwabwino, pali magwero ochirikiza malamulo omveka bwino. Oweruza angakhoze kukwaniritsa mbiri yawo, chinenero chotsutsana ndi [FLD:] BBEN, chimene chatulutsa chigamu chachinyengo cha kutsutsa mlandu wa m'mbiri.

Kusuliza kwina nchakuti kuyambirira kwa Thomas kuli kolimba kwambiri kwa mtundu wamakono, wosiyana. Malamulo analembedwa ndi kagulu ka amuna achiyera, oyenerera m'chitaganya chimene chinalola ukapolo ndi kukana akazi kuvota. Kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso chawo choyamba kukambirana zachinsinsi, kuthandiza kubala, kapena kulinganiza kuwoneka kukhala kosathandiza. Thomas amavomereza zimenezi koma amatsutsa kuti malamulo, osati ziyembekezo zotsimikizirika, ayenera kulamulira [1] ndi kuti njira yothetsera ndiyo njira yoyenera ya kusintha. Komabe, Aamereka ambiri amapeza chikhulupiriro chimenechi m’dongosolo losagwira ntchito.

Pomalizira pake, akatswiri ena a zamalamulo amanena kuti kukhazikitsa kwa Thomas ndiko mtundu wa lamulo lachilengedwe. Iye kaŵirikaŵiri amachonderera “mpangidwe wa munthu” kapena“ malamulo oyambirira” m’njira imene imawoneka kukhala yoposa malemba. Mwachitsanzo, m'pangano lake mu kuchotsapo matanthauzo oyambirira a Homeland Security v. Regents a University of California [1] [FLT:] [20] [20]), Thomas anatsutsa kuti Chilango cha Ana (DACA) chinali choletsedwa chifukwa chakuti chinavomereza tanthauzo loyambirira la Immageo ndi la National Act. Lingaliro lake linadalira kwambiri kaonedwe kake ka Pulezidenti kuti “asamalire lamulolo loperekedwa mokhulupirika, iye anamasulira lamulo lomveka bwino kwambiri.

Zotetezera

Otetezera Thomas ananena kuti kuyambirira kwake kuli kowona mtima ndi kwalamulo ngakhale pamene kumatsogolera ku zotulukapo zimene sakonda, monga ngati lingaliro lake mu Trump v. Hawaii [1] (2018) kuchirikiza chiletso cha kuyenda. Mwakutero, Thomas anagwiritsira ntchito muyezo wapamwamba wozikidwa pa ulamuliro wa Prezidenti, umene anaupeza kuchokera ku mbiri yakale yoyambirira. Kukhazikika kwake kumasiyanitsidwa ndi njira zotsatiridwa ndi zoweruza zina. Mwachitsanzo, zigamu zina zololera zimene zimayanja mphamvu zaunyinjika za boma zinalandira ufulu wa mwadzidzidzi pamene zibwera ku malamulo a malo okhalako; Thomas, posiyana ndi, nkukhala ndi mphamvu za dziko lotsutsa nthaŵi zonse kudutsa gulu la anthu.

Ochirikiza akusonyezanso kuŵerengera kwa democracy kumene kuyambitsidwa ndi kuchirikiza. Pamene tanthauzo la Malamulo aikidwa, nzika ndi opanga malamulo akudziŵa zimene malamulowo ali. Iwo angasinthe Konsichushoni kupyolera mwa Article V ngati sagwirizana. Chiletsochi, Thomas amakhulupirira, chimaletsa kuweruza kwa olamuliridwa ndi otchuka. Ndipo pamene otsutsa amanena kuti mbiri yakale njosagwirizana, otetezera a Thomas amatsutsa kuti oweruza ophunzitsidwa bwino angafikire pamapeto mwa kugwiritsira ntchito njira zolondola za mbiri. [[FLT: 0] Bruen, mayeso ake onse, achitapo kanthu kena ndi makhoti okakamiza, osati kukwaniritsa zikondwerero za m’mbiri.

Pomalizira pake, kuyambirira kwa Thomas kwakhudza kwambiri maphunziro a zamalamulo. Masukulu a malamulo tsopano amaphunzitsa zambiri m’mbiri ya malamulo, ndipo magazini a zamalamulo olinganizidwa ndi ophunzira amafalitsa maphunziro okhazikika a akatswiri odziŵa za kuyambika kwa zinthu. Ngakhale akatswiri amene amakana chiphunzitso choyambirira amavomereza kuti Thomas wakakamiza ntchito yonse yalamulo kukhala yodziŵa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga kwambiri. Zimenezi ndi choloŵa choposa chosankha chilichonse.

Kumaliza

Chigamulo cha Woweruza Clarence Thomas chakhala mphamvu yolamulira pa Bwalo Lapamwamba kwa zaka zoposa makumi atatu. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, lasintha kuchoka m'mbali za khoti lapamwamba kupita ku zigamulo zapadera, zosintha pa mfuti, chipembedzo, kuchotsa mimba, ndi mphamvu ya boma. Njira yake imafuna kuti oweruza akhale olemba mbiri, ndipo malingaliro ake ngochuluka kwambiri ndipo ali ogwirizana ndi mawu a m'makhoti 18 ndi 19. Munthu aliyense amene akufuna kuvomereza ufulu kapena chikhoma cholimba chimene chimanyalanyaza mfundo zamakono, palibe chikayikiro chakuti Thomas wasintha njira za khoti ponena za malamulo. Pamene Khoti likukhala losinthasinthasintha, njira yake yoyambirira ya kuchirikiza njira yake ya ukhoza kukhaladi kukhala ndi chisonkhezero. Kumvetsetsa kwake kuli kofunika kwa aliyense amene akufuna kuvomereza lamulo lalamulo la lamulo la ku America.

Kuti muŵerenge zambiri, onani [[FLT: 0] Justice Thomas's anavomereza [[FLT: 1] m'kugwirizana kwa [FLT] Dobts v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization [1] pa Cornell’s Legin Information Institute, [FLT:] malingaliro ambiri mu [FLT:] New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Brun kuchokera ku Khoti Lapamwamba, ndi [FLT:] pawebusaiti [[FL:] ndi malingaliro pa OyFLT] ndi pa OLT: [FLT].