Chithandizo chachilendo chasintha kwambiri malo aumoyo wa anthu m'chigawo cha Saharan Africa. M'zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, kuchuluka kwa chuma kuchokera kwa opereka ndalama zapansi, mabungwe osiyanasiyana, ndi mabungwe achifundo aumwini achepetsa kwambiri imfa ndi kudwala kwa matenda atatu a dziko lapansi: HIV/AIDS, malungo, ndi TB. Maprogramu onga Pulezidenti a Emergeal Plan for AIDS Freance (PAFAR) ndi Chuma chapadziko lonse chakhala ndi njira ya madola zikwi makumi asanu m'ambani ambiri kuchipatala, kuletsa, ndi kulimbitsa dongosolo la zaumoyo. Moyo wapulumuka, umene uli wochepa kwambiri m'maiko, wakhala wofanana ndi wa Emeter Exption for family for Exfance (PAR) ndi Sur Formagement kutsutsana ndi Maday.

Mosasamala kanthu za zipambano zapadera zimenezi, ntchito ya chithandizo chachilendo mu umoyo wa anthu siimakhala yopepuka kapena yotchuka padziko lonse. Kulengedwa kwa maprogramu aakulu, matenda otengera matenda kuyambitsa njira zocholoŵana, zotchulidwa kukhala "kuwongola ndi kutsogolo". Osuliza amatsutsa kuti chithandizo chachikulu chingachititse kudalirana, kusokoneza zinthu zofunika zapamalo, ndi kufooketsa dongosolo la zaumoyo la anthu lopanda pake lomwe cholinga chake kuchirikiza. Kulimbana ndi ziphuphu, kuchepa kwa ulamuliro, ndi zopinga za kukafika kwa anthu akutali kwachepetsa mphamvu ya chithandizo. Pamene anthu apadziko lonse akuyang'anira mtsogolo, chisamaliro chimachoka ku chitsanzo cha wothandiza anthu opereka chithandizo kwa umodzi, kuchirikizana, ndi kusungidwa kwa kumaloko. Kulimbana ndi matenda opatsirana kwa anthu mu Afirika kuli kufalikira kodabwitsa, ndi njira yovutitsa ya zaumoyo yapadziko lonse.

Nkhani Zake: Kuchokera ku Alma Ata Kufika ku Vuto la AIDS

Nyengo yamakono yachithandizo cha zaumoyo yapadziko lonse mu Afirika inayamba kupangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. Chilengezo cha 1978 Alma Ata, chimene chinakhazikitsa chonulirapo cha "Kuchiritsidwa kwa Onse podzafika chaka cha 2000," chinakhazikitsa chisamaliro chachikulu cha zaumoyo monga njira yapakati. Komabe, mavuto a zachuma ndi maprogramu okonzanso zaumoyo a ma 1980 ndi 1990 anafooketsa kwambiri dongosolo la zaumoyo wa anthu onse m'dziko lonselo. Maboma anakakamizika kuchepetsa kuwonongera ndalama za thanzi, maphunziro, ndi malipiro, kupanga unyolo umene unasiya dongosolo la zaumoyo lili pangozi ndi pansi pa zingwe zokhala pansi pa zingwe.

Kufalikira kwa mliri wa HIV / AIDS mu ma 1990 kunavumbula ukulu wonse wa kusoŵa mphamvu kumeneku. M'maiko onga Botswana, Zimbabwe, ndi South Africa, moyo wa anthu ndi chuma unatsika ndi zaka 20 kapena kuposa. Kuwonongeka kwa anthu ndi chuma kunali koopsa. Mlingo wa tsokalo unagonjetsa ziwiya zaumoyo za anthu. Kunalibe mankhwala oletsa AIDS mu Afirika; mankhwala oletsa imfa amene anali kusintha AIDS kukhala chiŵeruzo chosatha ku Kumadzulo kunali kosakhoza kupezedwa ndi maboma ndi odwala a ku Africa.

Kuyankha ku vuto la AIDS kunasonyeza kusintha kwa ndalama zapadziko lonse zothandizira anthu athanzi. Mu 2001, United Nations General Assembly anachita Semination pa HIV/AIDS (UNGASS), kulengeza mliri wapadziko lonse. Mu 2002, bungwe la Global Fund la padziko lonse linayamba kukhala njira yamakono yopezera ndalama zothandizira anthu odwala matenda a matenda osiyanasiyana. Mabungwewa anakhazikitsa njira zatsopano zothandizira kuti amenyetse nkhondo yolimbana ndi AIDS, TB, ndi malungo. Kenako, mu 2003, Pulezidenti George W. Bush analengeza za PEFAR, $15 biliyoni, zaka zisanu zomwe zinakhala njira ya zaumoyo wapadziko lonse yopatulidwa ku matenda amodzi. Zimenezi sizinapangitse njira zatsopano zothandizira kufalitsa, ndiponso kufalitsa mapulogalamu, ndiponso kufalitsa mautumiki a boma ambiri, ndiponso kufalitsa mautumiki othandiza anthu odwala.

Matenda Aakulu, Kusunga Ndalama: Chiyambukiro cha Aid

Chithandizo cha mankhwala cha mitundu ina chaperekedwa ku Afirika ku matenda atatu aakulu opatsirana.

HIV / AIDS: Kuyambira pa Kupha Anthu Mosachiritsika Kufika pa Vuto Losatha

Pamapeto pa 2022, chifukwa cha ntchito ya PEPFAR ndi Global Fund, anthu oposa 20 miliyoni anali kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa mu 2003.

Chiyambukiro cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kumeneku nchodabwitsa. Magazi opha anthu m'chigawo cha Southern SAharan Africa atsika ndi 60% kuchokera pa chiŵerengero chapamwamba mu 2004. Matenda a HIV atsopano atsika ndi 50% pa nyengo imodzi. Kuyambitsidwa kwa Kuletsa Amayi kukafika ku Mwana (PMTCT) ndi maprogramu ena aakulu a zaumoyo, kuchepetsa matenda atsopano pakati pa ana oposa 80%. UNAIDS "95-95" zolinga kutsimikizira kuti anthu okhala ndi HIV amadziŵa mkhalidwe wawo, 95% ya opimidwawo akuchiritsidwa, ndi 95% ya opitsidwawo achepetsa kuchiritsa kwa anthu.

Maluso ochirikizidwa ndi chithandizo chachilendo akhala mfungulo ya chipambano chimenechi. Kugaŵira kwa amuna, kumene kumachepetsa kufalitsa HIV kufika ku 60%, kwapimidwa modabwitsa m'maiko aakulu. Maprogramu ofikira anthu ofunika, monga ngati ogwira ntchito za kugonana, amuna amene amagonana ndi amuna, ndi anthu amene amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, akhala otsogola kwambiri. Mosasamala kanthu za kupita patsogolo kumeneku, mavuto aakulu akupitirizabe. Atsikana ndi atsikana a ku Southern Africa adakali osalimba. Stigma ndi kusankhidwa kopitirizabe kutsekera ntchito zofunika za anthu. Ndipo palinso ngozi yowonjezereka ya kutopa monga kusoŵa kwa nthaŵi yaitali ya kuyang'anira ntchito zamwadzikulu.

Malungo: Nkhondo Yaikulu Yolimbana ndi Wakupha Wakale

Malungo adakali chimodzi cha zochititsa imfa zazikulu kwa ana osakwana zaka zisanu mu Afirika. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, kulimbana ndi nthendayi kunanyalanyazidwa kwambiri. Kuyamba kwa mgwirizano wa Roll Back Malaria mu 1998 ndi kupangidwa kwa Global Fund ndi U.S. Malaria Initive (PMI) inasintha kwambiri ndalama za dziko. Kuwononga malungo kwa padziko lonse kwapulumutsa miyoyo pafupifupi 11.7 miliyoni kuyambira 2000.

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  • [FLT]]] [[FLT]]] [FLT]] [[FLT]]] Akusonyeza kuti mabanja oposa 70% mu Sub - Saharn tsopano ali ndi chikopa chimodzi, chodabwitsa kuchokera ku zopinga za "2, zopimira zowonjezereka za "[FTT:] [FFT:] [FT] [FT:] [5] [5] [2]: [FT]: [FT] [5] [----liteosess . [-kuthandiza kwambiri: [---FOT]

    Zotulukapo zakhala zofunika kwambiri. Bungwe la World Health Malaria Report likuyerekezera kuti ziŵerengero za imfa za malungo mu Afirika zatsika ndi 50% kuyambira 2000, maiko angapo ali pafupi kuchotsedwa. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwakhala kochitidwa m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Kubuka ndi kufalitsidwa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'miluza ndi kukaniza mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ziphaso kuli ziwopsezo zazikulu. Mu 2021, WHO inavomereza katemera woyamba wa malungo, RTS, S/AS01, ndipo tsopano ikutengedwa m'maiko oyendetsa ndege. Katemera wachiŵiri, R1 / Matrix-M, wavomerezedwanso. Kuyang'anira mankhwala ameneŵa, kumbali zina zopimira ndi zithandizo, kuchinjiriza, kudzakhala chitokosokosonetso chachikulu cha mankhwala.

    TB: Chifuwa Chakale Kwambiri ndi Vuto la MDR TB

    TB ndi nthenda yopatsirana yoopsa kwambiri padziko lonse, yopha anthu oposa 1.5 miliyoni pachaka. Pamene TB imaphimbidwa ndi HIV ndi malungo, idakali vuto lalikulu mu Africa, limene limapha anthu 25 pa 100 alionse padziko lonse. Kudutsana kwa TB ndi miliri ya HIV n’kwakupha kwambiri; TB ndiyo imachititsa imfa zambiri kwa anthu amene ali ndi HIV.

    Thandizo la USernal lakhala lothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi TB mu Africa. Ndalama ya Global ndi ndalama yaikulu kwambiri yothandizira TB, ikupereka ndalama zambiri padziko lonse zothandizira kutulukira, kuchiritsa, ndi kuletsa. Bungwe la Zaumoyo la World Health’s Directive Declaption , Short-course (DOTS), ndi woloŵa mmalo wake, Stop TB Strategy , imapereka dongosolo la maprogramu a maprogramu a dziko. Mlinga wa GeneXpert, umene ungapeze TB ndi kukaniza mkati mwa maola aŵiri, wakhala wochirikiridwa kwambiri, wochirikiridwa ndi chithandizo chachikulu.

    Vuto lalikulu kwambiri pa kuyankha TB ndilo kukwera kwa Miltial-Drug Devitant TB. Kuchiritsa kwa MDR-TB n’kwalitali, kokwera mtengo, ndi koopsa, kofuna miyezi ya jekeseni ya tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mankhwala ambiri. Kuchiritsa kwa matenda a MDR ndi TB kunali kochepa kwambiri. Kuyambika ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa njira zonse za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga BPAL , kwasintha njira zochiritsira, koma kupezeka ndi mankhwala atsopano ameneŵa kumakhala kochepa m'mayiko ambiri chifukwa cha kusoŵa kulembetsa. Mpata waukulu pakati pa anthu amene akukula ndi amene akudwala TB ndi amene akudwala ndi amene akudwala matendawa ndi vuto lina lalikulu. Kusintha kwa TB kumafuna kuchuluka kwa TB kuchuluka kwa anthu ovutika.

    Mavuto ndi Kutsutsana: Mbali Ina ya Chithandizo

    Pachipambano chake chonse, chitsanzo chachikulu cha chithandizo chachilendo cha matenda opatsirana mu Afirika chayang’anizana ndi chisulizo chachikulu ndi chopitirizabe.

    Nkhani Yokhala ndi Malingaliro Oyera

    Maprogramu ofunika kwambiri a zaumoyo padziko lonse akukhudza kupangidwa kwa njira zaumoyo. "Maprogramu aakulu" monga ngati PePFAR ndi Global Fund ndi a matenda amodzi, okhala ndi mitsinje yopereka ndalama, macheke, ndi malo oyendetsera. " Troall" akonza zolimbikitsira madongosolo onse a thanzi. Osuliza, kuphatikizapo ziŵerengero za anthu zaumoyo monga Laurie Garrett, anena kuti maprogramu aakulu ofika pansi pa nthaka angasokoneze zinthu zofunika ndi kupanga madongosolo otsalira zinthu zoyenderana zimene zimatulutsa ziŵiro zofunikira kwambiri zaumoyo. Otsutsa amati maprogramumboni a kulemera kwanthaŵi yaitali, zotsatira zake, kwenikweni, amalimbitsa madongosolo a zaungwe ndi ophunzitsa anthu. Zoona n’zovuta kukonza zinthu zapangika dala.

    Kudalirana ndi Kukhazikika

    Mantha osalekeza ndi akuti chithandizo chakunja chimapangitsa kudalirana. Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani pamene mlingo wa PePFAR kapena wa Flobal Fund uchirikiza kuchirikiza kwake? Ndalama zapanyumba kaamba ka thanzi m'maiko ambiri a mu Afirika zidakali zotsika, pansi pa Chikalata cha Abuja cha cholinga cha 15% ya GDP. Maboma ena akhala ochedwa kuchotsa mtengo wa maprogramu, kuyembekezera operekawo kupitiriza kosatha. Kusintha kosavuta kuchokera ku ndalama zoperekedwa ku mwini wake kukakhala mwini wake kuli kovuta, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri kulephera, chitsutso. Chiphunzitso cha "Orini," lamulo lapamwamba la Chilengezo pa Idzetso cha Imphactiveive, kaŵirikaŵiri chakhala chovuta kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito pamene operekawo ali ndi ulamuliro waukulu pa kuchirikiza ndalama ndi zofunika.

    Kulamulira ndi Chinyengo

    Malipoti aakulu a ndalama zoperekedwa m'madongosolo osakhala oyang'anira bwino ndi achinyengo. Pakhala milandu yolembedwa bwino ya ziphuphu m'makampani a Global Fund ndi maprogramu ena othandizira, kumene anamgoneka anabedwa, antchito a zithumwa anaperekedwa, ndipo mapangano aperekedwa kwa mayiko andale. Pamene kuli kwakuti zonse ziŵiri PEPFAR ndi Global Fund zalimbikitsa njira zawo zoyang'anira ndi kuŵerengera mlandu, ziphuphu zidakali zopinga kutsimikizira kuti dola lililonse limafikira oyenerera kulowa m'dzikolo. Kulephera kwa madongosolo a zaumoyo ndi kuchepetsa ntchito ya zauyang'anira wa ndale zadziko m'mayiko ambiri kutsogolera ku makampani a zamankhwala ogulitsa mankhwala owonjezera ndi otha ntchito.

    Malo ndi Njira Zopezera Mankhwala

    Kukwera mtengo kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi boma inali nkhani yaikulu pa vuto la AIDS. Kupangidwa kwa Flobal Fund kunali mbali ina ya kufunika kwa kupereka mankhwala okhoza kugulitsidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amtundu wina, kotheka ndi 2001 Doha Declaration pa TRIPS Active and Public Health, kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa chithandizo kuchokera pa $50 pachaka. Nkhondo imeneyi ikupitirizabe lerolino pa mankhwala atsopano a MDR- TB ndi hepatitis C, komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa maolivi a C. Nkhondo ya kupeza mankhwala otsika ndi kuchuluka. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala okhoza kukwera idakali ntchito ya kumayiko akunja ndi yaumoyo wapadziko lonse.

    Mtsogolo mwa Aid: Kusintha, Kuyenera, ndi Kukhala Mwini wake

    Malo a zaumoyo padziko lonse akusintha kwambiri. Mliri wa Chovid-19 ukusonyeza kuti padziko lonse pali mavuto a zaumoyo ndipo ukusonyeza kuti pali kuperewera kwakukulu kwa mankhwala a katemera, mankhwala, ndi mankhwala. Njira yatsopano yothandizira anthu a mitundu ina ikubuka, yomwe ikulimbikitsa kulimba, kukonza zinthu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito.

    Kumanga Njira Zothandiza Kuti Mabanja Akhale Ogwirizana

    Pali kugwirizana kwakukulu kwakuti kusumika maganizo pa matenda enieni sikokwanira. Mtsogolo mwa chithandizo chachilendo n’kulimbitsa zomangira za dongosolo la zaumoyo: ndalama, antchito, madongosolo a chidziŵitso, manyowa, ndi ntchito. Kudzidzimuka kwa kubuka kwa Ebola ku West Africa (204-2016) ndi mliri wa CHOVID-19 wawonjezera cholinga. World Bank’s Pandemic Fund, yokhazikitsidwa mu 2022, ndi njira yatsopano yothandizira kulimbitsa mphamvu ya kuteteza, kukonzekera, ndi kuyankha (PR) m'maiko a pansi ndi olandira.

    Kupanga Malo ndi Dongosolo Latsopano la Umoyo wa Anthu ku Africa

    Chimodzi cha zopangapanga zapadera kwambiri ndicho kufululira zinthu zaumoyo za kumaloko mu Africa. Kontinentiyi imagulitsa kupitirira 70% ya mankhwala ake ndi 99% ya akatemera ake. African Union yakhazikitsa cholinga chopanga 60% ya akatemera ofunika pa kontinentiyo podzafika 2040. Zoyamba zonga ngati makampani a bungwe la Piternectorap a African Vaccine Manufacting (PAVM) ndi kupangidwa kwa makina a mRNA opanga katemera ophunzitsira ku South Africa ndi njira zotsimikizirika zochepetsera kudalira kwa opanga zinthu zachilendo ndi kupanga masayansi a kumaloko.

    Thanzi la pa Intaneti

    Luso la zopangapanga likusintha njira zoperekera chithandizo cha zaumoyo. Maprogramu a zaumoyo a galimoto (mmHealth) amagwiritsira ntchito SMS ndi mafoni kutumiza zikumbutso za mankhwala, chidziŵitso cha wodwala, ndi kupereka maphunziro a zaumoyo. Agency ya International Development (USAID) ndi PEFAR yakhala ndi ndalama zambiri pa zaumoyo. Kupereka kwa munthu mmodzi, kotchuka kwambiri ndi kampani ya POLS, kukubweretsa magazi, akatemera, ndi mankhwala kumadera akutali ku Rwanda ndi Ghana. Kumbali ya za tekinoloji ya zaumoyo (CWS) ikudziŵika monga maziko a maziko a Ethiopia, ndi Programme, yasonyeza kuti protection , CHW, yomwe ikuyenda bwino kwambiri ikhoza kubweretsa mautumiki ambiri ndi kukonza bwino kwa zaumoyo.

    Kugulitsa Malo a Panyumba ndi Kusintha Kuloŵa m’Dziko

    Chifuno cha nthaŵi yaitali nchakuti maiko a mu Afirika apeze ndalama zothandizira kulinganiza kwawo zathanzi. Izi zimafuna kuwonjezereka kwa chuma, malamulo a msonkho opita patsogolo, ndi chifuno cha ndale zadziko. Pali chigogomezero chowonjezereka pa "yani" chithandizo chimene chimagwiritsira ntchito chuma chapanyumba. Global Fund’s Fund's cone - fansid, chimene chimalamula kuti maiko awonjezere ndalama zawo zapanyumba pa thanzi lawo, ali chitsanzo cha mmene operekawo angagwiritsirire ntchito kukhala eni ake. Kukambitsiranako kuchokera ku "Unior-repiepient" kupita ku "ubonial ," kumene maboma ndi zigwirizano za mu Afirika zimatsogolera m'malo oyamba ndi kuchirikiza maprogramungwe ndi kuchirikiza mayanjano a maiko osiyanasiyana.

    Kumaliza

    Chithandizo chachilendo chakhala chosonkhezera chimodzi cha masinthidwe a thanzi la anthu amakono. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi HIV / AIDS, malungo, ndi TB mu Afirika yakhala ikugwirizana kuti ipange mayanjano osachitikapo, kuchirikiza maprogramu aakulu, ndi kupulumutsa miyoyo mamiliyoni makumi ambiri. Cholinga cha kuthetsa matendawa monga ziwopsezo zazikulu zaumoyo wa anthu podzafika 2030, pamene kuli kwakuti chikali chitokoso chachikulu, chayandikira kwambiri kuchitika kuposa ndi kale lonse.

    Njira ya kutsogolo imafunikira chisinthiko m'njira ya chithandizo chachilendo. Imafuna kugwirizana kwauchikulire, kopanda malire . Kumafuna kusumika maganizo pa kumanga zolimba, madongosolo a zaumoyo a kumaloko omwe angasamalire matenda a lero ndi kukonzekera miliri ya mamaŵa. Mutu wotsatira sukhudza "kupulumutsa Afirika" kupyolera mwa kupatsana zinthu zachilendo, koma kusungitsa ndalama zaumoyo kwapadziko lonse. Kupambana kudzafotokozedwa ndi kusintha kopanda ntchito kwa kudalirana ndi kudalirana ndi kukhala ndi banja, kuchokera ku maprogramu oyendera pamodzi, ndi kuchokera ku zopereka zothandizira za kumaloko. Miyanda ya miyoyo yopulumutsidwa ndiyo mapangano omwe angapezedwe mwa ntchito, koma ntchito yosatha.