Chiyambi: Chithandizo cha Nkhondo Zapadziko Lonse

Chivomezi chitachitika, chimphepo chikagwetsa nthaka, kapena mliri uphatikitsa malire, mpata pakati pa kupulumuka ndi kuwonongeka kaŵirikaŵiri umadalira pa liŵiro ndi kulimba kwa chilikizo lakunja. Thandizo lakunja . Kugwirizana ndi ndalama, ukatswiri wa zaluso, ndi antchito kuchokera ku maiko opereka, mabungwe osiyanasiyana, ndi mabungwe a boma osakhala a progavisional , ayamba kukhala magwero ofunika kwambiri a kuyang'anira ngozi za padziko lonse. Chopereka chake chimapangitsa kayendedwe katsoka konse: kuchokera ku ku kuwonjezera kukonzekera kumene kumachepetsa kulephera, kusonkhanitsa moyo mkati mwa nthaŵi ya chivomerezo, kuchirikiza kuchira ndi kumanganso zinthu kwanthaŵi yaitali.

M’nyengo ya ngozi zocholoŵana ndi zobwerezabwereza . N’zodabwitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, kukhazikika kwa matauni, ndi kusakhazikika kwa zandale ndi dziko lapansi. Palibe dziko limodzi limene lingadziteteze kotheratu ku tsoka. Thandizo lakunja limapereka chigwirizano cha m'mbali zonse, chidziŵitso chapadera, ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka imene nthaŵi zambiri mitundu ya anthu imakhala nayo. Nkhaniyi ikupenda mmene thandizo la mitundu yonse limalimbitsira kukonzekera ndi kulabadira, ikugogomezera mbali zazikulu za chichirikizo, zikulongosola mavuto opitirizabe, ndi kugogomezera kuyesayesa kwapadziko lonse lapansi.

Mmene Chithandizo cha Kunja Chimalimbitsira Kukonzekera Masoka

Kufufuza kukonzekera kuli kopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa kudalira pa chithandizo chapambuyo pa 2016. World Bank ikuyerekezera kuti dola iriyonse yowonongedwa pa kuchepetsa ngozi ingasungire pakati pa madola aŵiri ndi khumi m’kuwonongeka kwa tsoka mtsogolo. Ndalama za chithandizo ndi ukatswiri wa kumanga malo ogwirira ntchito, akuthupi, ndi a mayanjano amene amapangitsa anthu kuyembekezera, kutenga, ndi kuzoloŵera kuchititsa mantha.

Kuchenjeza Koyambirira ndi Kuyesa Ngozi

Kuyang'anira ngozi kopita patsogolo ndi umisiri wochenjeza woyambirira . Wonga ngati chigumula chochokera ku satellite choneneratu za mapulatifomu, madongosolo ogwedezeka, ndi zithunzi zowonjeza mphepo zamphamvu , kaŵirikaŵiri sizingafikire maiko otsika ofika. Thandizo lakunja limathandiza kutumiza ndi kukonza madongosolo ameneŵa. Mwachitsanzo, World Meteorological Organization [ULT] [UF:] [[FLT:]] [[2] [milm'ssssss Hazared Alert System] imadalira pa kuthandizira mitundu yomatukuka yopanga dongosolo lakuthandiza kukonza maere, ndi kutumiza mapulogalamu a .

Zophunzitsa Kupirira

Nthawi zambiri thandizo la mayiko ena limapezera ndalama zomanga kapena zomangamanga nyumba zokhala ndi zipangizo zofunikira kwambiri zimene zingathandize kuti zinthu zisawonongeke.

  • chitetezo cha madzi ozungulira: Maleve okwezeka, madongosolo a madzi, ndi matebulo osungiramo zigawo za madzi osefukira zonga Bangladesh ndi Mekong Delta.
  • Nyumba zosungiramo anthu: Malo ambiri opulumukiramo a cholinga amene amaŵirikiza kaŵiri monga masukulu kapena nyumba za anthu, omangidwa ku Nepal pambuyo pa zivomezi 2015.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mabungwe a kampani: [[FLT :1] Reduntant, opare dongosolo la kulankhulana limene limakhalabe logwira ntchito pamene makompyuta anthaŵi zonse alephera . Amagubo aunyinji onga U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) [1]
  • [1] Malo aukhondo: amatetezera zitsime ndi njira zopimira zimene zimatetezera kuyambika kwa matenda oyenda m’madzi pambuyo pa tsoka.

Kuphunzitsa, Kudya ndi Kumanga Nyumba Zaluso

Kukonzekera sikumangodalira pa zipangizo zamagetsi; kumafuna anthu aluso ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito bwino. Maprogramu othandiza ochokera kunja amawononga kwambiri pophunzitsa mabwana a zangozi akwanuko, ovomereza, ndi antchito a zaumoyo a anthu. International of Red Cross ndi Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), imayendetsa maluso oyeza kuyesa njira zothandizira kuyankha tsoka la dziko, kudziŵira malo asanafike chochitika chenicheni. Mayiko amodzinso oyendetsa ntchito zaumoyo wa dziko lonse kuti athandize kupanga maprogramuzi a ntchito, kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu a zoyendera kuyendera njira zoyendera tsoka ladzikolo kuti lione zimene akufunika mwamsanga.

Kuchepetsa ngozi zochokera ku COMCBR , zoyendera zoperekedwa ndi opereka ndi opereka ndi anthu ambiri monga [FLT: 0] World Bank World Facial for Disaster Reduction and Recovery [1], odzifunira a m'dzikolo m’thandizo loyamba, kufufuza ndi kulanditsa, ndi kufalitsa koyambirira. Odzipereka ameneŵa amakhala njira yoyamba yodzitetezera m'madera akutali kumene akatswiri angatengere maola kapena masiku kuti afike.

Mkupiti Wodziŵitsa Anthu ndi Maphunziro

Chidziŵitso chopulumutsa moyo. Chithandizo chakunja chimathandiza makampani ambiri olengeza za media, sukulu, ndi ma shantio shaudi omwe amaphunzitsa anthu kuzindikira zizindikiro zochenjeza, kumene angachoke, ndi mmene angagwiritsirire ntchito ziwiya zangozi. Mwachitsanzo, USAID’S Office ya U.S. Foreign Disaster Confect [FLT ] Yathandiza kukonza mkupiti wa chivomezi m’chigawo cha Andea omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinenero zakumachokera ku zinenero zakumachokera ku zinenero za m'dziko ndi kutsimikizira kuti pamene tsoka lachitika, anthu akudziŵa bwino chochita.

Mbali ya Chithandizo cha Kunja m’Kulabadira Tsoka

Pamene tsoka lalanda mphamvu za kumaloko . Zingachitike chifukwa cha kuthamanga, kapena kuchepa kwa zinthu. Chithandizo cha mayiko akunja chimapereka zofunika zofunika za mwamsanga: chakudya, madzi oyera, malo ogona, chisamaliro cha mankhwala, ndi chitetezo. Koma kulabadira kogwira mtima n’kovuta kwambiri kuposa kungotumiza katundu wogulitsidwa. Kumaphatikizapo kuyendetsa zinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ntchito, kulemekeza mapulinsipulo a m’deralo, ndi kutsatira mfundo za makhalidwe abwino.

Mpumulo Wamwamsanga: Zopereka Zamoyo Zopulumukira ndi Zopereka

M'maola oyambirira ndi masiku, mabungwe othandiza amakhazikitsa miyulu ya zinthu zofunika kwambiri. United Nations Humanitharian Reformation Depot (UNHRD ) , yoyang'aniridwa ndi World Food Programme, imasunga njira zopangira zinthu zofunikira kwambiri m'mitu ya maofesi onga Dubai, Panama, ndi Ghana. Pakati mwa maola 24 a pempho, zinthu zonga ngati ziwiya zamwadzidzidzi, pulasitiki, mapale a madzi, ndi chakudya chochiritsira zinganyamulidwe ku dera la tsokalo.

Chithandizo chakunja chimatumizanso antchito apadera. Magulu a anthu ochokera kumaiko onga Japan, Switzerland, ndi United States amabweretsa zipangizo zonyamula ndi agalu zolemera kuti apeze opulumuka otsekerezedwa pansi pa bwinja. Magulu a zamankhwala . Mos . Monga Medecins Sans Frontières (Oseŵera Opanda Malo Oletsa) [[FLT:]] [Madokotala] [] [_FLT:1] akutsimikizira kuti zipatala za m’munda pamene malo a zaumoyo akuwonongeka. Kutumiza kwa akatswiri a zaumoyo kuchokera ku magulu onga [[FLT:] CHY] (okedwa ndi World Food Programme Programme]) kutsimikizira kuti zinthu zabwino ziyendere bwino kupyola m'mabwalo owonongeka, madoko, ndi misewu.

Kugwirizana ndi Kupanga Zinthu Mwaumunthu

Masoka ambiri amayambitsa chipwirikiti. Opanga makampani ambiri , makampani a UN, NGOS, magulu ankhondo, makampani achinsinsi , amayesa kuthandiza panthaŵi imodzi. Popanda kugwirizana, zinthu zingafafanizidwe kapena kupotoza. Ndalama za chithandizo za maiko ena zikhoza kubweretsa dongosolo limeneli. Ofesi ya Office ya Chigwirizano cha Maboma a Anthu (OCH) njira zothandizira anthu kuyendetsa zinthu zoyendera, zimene zimagawa ndi gulu lothandiza anthu (m., zaumoyo, chakudya, chitetezo, chakudya). Gulu lililonse lili ndi gulu lotsogolera limene limathandiza miyezo, likumaonedwa, ndipo likufunika.

Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa chivomezi cha ku Haiti cha 2010, mayiko a padziko lonse anathandiza anthu mabiliyoni ambiri.

Kuphunzira za Apolisi: Mphepo yamkuntho yotchedwa Idai (Mozambique, 2019)

Mphepo yamkuntho yotchedwa Idai inali imodzi mwa mphepo zowononga kwambiri ku Southern Hemisphere, ndipo inapha anthu oposa 1,300 ndipo inakhudza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kuzungulira Mozambique, Zimbabwe, ndi Malawi.

  • Kufunafuna ndi kupulumutsa: Mahelicopter a ku South Africa, UK, ndi UN Humanitarian Air Service ananyamula anthu otsekeredwa pa madenga ndi m'mitengo.
  • [[NT] malo osungirako ndi madzi: [[FL:1] IFORC ndi mabungwe ena anagawira matenti, majirrycan, ndi ziwiya zotetezera cholera.
  • Chivomerezo cha Heath: Bungwe la Zaumoyo la World Health Organization linatumiza zipatala za m'magalimoto ndi magulu ophera matenda kuti lithe kuyambika kwa cholera.
  • Kuchira kwa ulimi: FAO inapereka mbewu, zida, ndi maphunziro a kuthandiza alimi kubzalanso minda ikawonongeka.

Kuyankhako kunasonyeza mmene chithandizo chachilendo chingapitirire mofulumira pamene kugwirizana kwapanthaŵiyo ndi makampani opanga zinthu zamalonda zidakalipo.

Mavuto ndi Kusiyana kwa Mavuto m’Kuyang’anira Masoka Akunja

Ngakhale kuti chithandizo chachilendo chothandiza kupulumutsa moyo n’choti chikhoza kupulumutsa moyo, sichiri mankhwala othetsera tsoka ndi kuchitapo kanthu.

Kulingalira ndi Zopinga

Kupeza chithandizo kwa anthu amene amachifuna kwambiri nthaŵi zambiri ndi mbali yovuta kwambiri ya yankho. Nyumba zowonongeka, kusatetezeka, zopinga za boma, ndiponso ziphuphu zingachedwe kapena kusokonezera zinthu. Chivomezi chachikulu ku Nepal mu 2015, mvula ndi kuphwanyika zitatseka misewu, kukakamiza katundu wa chithandizo kunyamulidwa ndi anthu onyamula ndi kunyamula nyama. Mabungwe a mayiko ena ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito poyembekezera zinthu zoyendera, kupanga mgwirizano ndi onyamula katundu, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano monga drone popereka chithandizo chamankhwala.

Kusokonezeka kwa Ndale ndi Chisungiko

Masoka samachitika m'zandale. M'madera omenyana, magalimoto othandizira angaukiridwe, kufunkhidwa, kapena kumanidwa ndi magulu omenyana. Malamulo a anthu a uchete, kupanda tsankho, ndi kudziimira kaŵirikaŵiri amayesedwa. Thandizo lakunja lingapititse chiwonjezero champhamvu ngati agwidwa ndi magulu a zida kapena ngati kugawidwa kwa chithandizo kuyambitsa kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu. Opereka ndi mabungwe a boma ayenera kuyambitsa nkhondo zazikulu zopinga zopinga ndi kukambirana zachifundo zozikidwa pa zofunikira, osati pa kulinganiza kwa ndale zadziko.

Kuopsa kwa Kudzidalira

Gwiritsitsani ntchito kuti mobwerezabwereza apereke njira zokonzekera popanda kumanga malo apadera. Ochita masewera akunja akayamba kuyankha, akuluakulu a dziko angataye mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ndi kuwongolera maluso awo. Kupeŵa kudalirana, thandizo lachilendo kuyenera kukonzedwa kuti agwirizane, osati kubwezeretsa, kukonza. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono, ndi kusintha pang’onopang’ono ku mabungwe a dziko. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, Bank ndi [FLT:] [FLT:] [[FLT:]]

Kulephera kwa Kugwirizana ndi Kusokoneza

Ngakhale kuti pali dongosolo loyendera pamodzi, kusokonezeka kwa mgwirizano wa magulu kumachitika. Mabungwe ambiri angafulumire kupereka ntchito imodzi (m’njira imodzi, makiliniki a m’dera limodzi) pamene akunyalanyaza ena (m’chitsanzo, ukhondo kapena chitetezo cha akazi). Chiŵerengero chowonjezereka cha makampani , kuphatikizapo omanga ankhondo, makampani a ku China, ndi magulu a Diaspora ogwirizana kwambiri. Opatsirana chithandizo cha mayiko ena angawongowongolera mlandu mwa kulimbikira kupereka malipo, kuyang'anira, ndi kuonetsa maofesi ankhondo monga [[FLT:] , ndi kuyendetsa mapulatifomu ozungulira a zankhondo monga [FTS] Service (FTS) [1]

Kusintha kwa Nyengo Ndiponso Kuchuluka kwa Masoka

Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kukuwonjezereka, kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa ngozi zachilengedwe. Mlingo umodzimodziwo wa chithandizo chachilendo tsopano uyenera kuyang'anira nthaŵi zambiri, mavuto otsatizana. Chilengezo cha anthu cha 2024, mwachitsanzo, chikupempha ndalama zoposa $5 biliyoni kuti zithandize anthu 300 miliyoni. Kuthandiza kodabwitsa kumene kumaposa kale zinthu zimene zilipo. Kuthandiza kwa mayiko ena sikungapitirebe patsogolo ngati kukuchitika. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa kachitidwe koyembekezera / / kuchepetsa ndalama zozikidwa pa kuneneratu tsoka, mmalo mwa kuyembekezera kuti lichitike. Kulandira thangata kodabwitsaku kukufunika kwambiri. [[FL:] Bank ya World Ress Restion Window [[FLD:1] ndi [FL:] Kusintha kwa Paultive AVYBY [FFFFF:]

Kumanga Njira Zothandiza Kupirira Ngozi

Cholinga cha nthaŵi yaitali cha chithandizo chachilendo m’chigawo chimenechi chiyenera kukhala kudzipangitsa kukhala osafunikira kwambiri.

Nyumba yaikulu imaposa maphunziro. Imaphatikizapo kuchirikiza ndalama zangozi za dziko (m'jere, mainshuwalansi, ndalama zoyendetsera) ndi kuthandiza maiko kukonzekera kwawo limodzi ndi mapulani a mitundu yonse monga Seragrama ya Disciation Reduction 2015 [1930] . Imaphatikizaponso kupatsa mphamvu akazi a kumalo ndi anthu opunduka kuti atenge mbali m’kukonzanso zinthu, popeza kaŵirikaŵiri amanyamula jambulitsa masoka koma sawalinganiza.

Chitsanzo cholimbikitsa ndi Catastrophe Risk Assessment ndi Financing Initiative ( PRAFI , kugwirizana pakati pa World Bank , Asian Development Bank, ndi maiko a Pacific. Mwakuchirikiza opereka, PCRAFI imapatsa inshuwalansi ya ma assural imene imatuluka dala pamene chivomezi kapena chivomezi chifika pa malo ena. Zimenezi zimapatsa mofulumira, ndalama zopanda ntchito kuti ziperekere chithandizo chamwamsanga popanda kuyembekezera thandizo. Programu imatenga kumaiko osavuta kupititsa ku misika ya zachuma ndi kusonyeza mmene chithandizo cha kumaiko akunja chingaperekere ntchito zatsopano, njira zodzipiririra za kumaloko.

Kumaliza: Thayo Logawana Kaamba ka Dziko Lachisungiko Cholimba

Chithandizo cha kumaiko ena chokonzekera tsoka ndi kuchitapo kanthu nchakuya ndi chamitundumitundu. Chimapereka madongosolo ochenjeza oyambirira amene amapatsa anthu maola amtengo wapatali kuti achoke, amamanga maziko amene amapirira mphepo zamkuntho, amaphunzitsa anthu akumeneko amene amathamangira ku ngozi, ndi kupereka mpumulo wa mwamsanga umene umapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu pambuyo pa tsoka. Komabe, mphamvu ya chithandizo chimenechi imadalira pa kulinganiza kwanzeru: iyenera kulinganizidwa, nkhani yake iyenera kukhudzidwa mtima, ndi kumamatira ku kukula kwa nthaŵi yaitali m’malo mwa kupereka chithandizo chanthaŵi yaifupi.

Pamene ngozi zikukula ndi kugwirizana, anthu apadziko lonse ayenera kukulitsa kusungitsa kwawo kuchinjiriza ndi kukonzekera, kuvomereza kachitidwe katsopano ka ndalama ndi kakonzedwe kake kabwino, ndi kuchirikiza malamulo amakhalidwe abwino amene amapanga chiŵiya chachigwirizano. Kulimbitsa mphamvu ya tsoka sikuli kokha kudalira kwabwino kwa makhalidwe ofunikira [1] ndiko kuikizira kwanzeru kumene kumachepetsa kuvutika ndi kutaikiridwa ndi chuma. Mwa kugwira ntchito pamodzi, opereka, maboma, ndi anthu a m’midzi angapange dziko limene chithandizo chachilendo chingakhale chothandizira kudzidalira pa iwo eni, osati chokhalira thanzitsa.