Kusoŵa zakudya m’thupi m’maiko otsika kukupitirizabe monga limodzi la mavuto athanzi ndi kukula kwa dziko lonse. Ngakhale kuti zaka makumi ambiri zapita patsogolo, ana ndi achikulire mamiliyoni akupitirizabe kuvutika ndi matenda osoŵa chakudya, tizilombo tochepa, ndi zotsatirapo za nthaŵi yaitali za zakudya zopanda phindu. Vuto la zachuma nloopsa: Opereŵera kwambiri, odwala kwambiri matenda, ndi ogwidwa ndi umphaŵi amene amapitirirabe m'kupita kwa nthaŵi. Thandizo la maiko ena, loyendetsedwa kudzera m'mabungwe a zapansi kwa nyengo, ndi mabungwe osakhala a maofesi a boma, amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri kutseka mpata wotsekera umene umabwera kuchokera ku njira zothandiza zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Pamene kukonzanso chithandizo chabwino, kungapulumutse moyo, kulimbitsa thanzi, ndi kumanga madongosolo a zaumoyo.

Kudya Mosakwanira M’mayiko Otsika

Kumvetsa chifukwa chake chithandizo chakunja chili chovuta kwambiri, munthu ayenera choyamba kuzindikira kukula kwa matenda a kusoŵa kwa zakudya m’thupi. Malinga ndi kunena kwa World Health Organization, pafupifupi 45 peresenti ya imfa za ana osafika zaka zisanu zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusabereka, ndi imfa zambiri zimene zimachitika m'matenda otsika a ku South Africa ndi ku South Asia. Kuwononga, ndi matenda a microtriant kumakhudza ana mamiliyoni ambiri, kufooketsa kukula kwa kuthupi ndi kupeza ndalama kwa moyo wonse. Kusoŵa kwa zakudya kumachititsa kuti matenda osatha ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito sikungoyesedwa kokha m’mavuto a anthu koma kusoŵanso zachuma, ndi kuyerekezera kuti kupereŵetsa kupereŵetsa kupereŵera kwa kusoŵa kwa zakudya m’thupi ndi 3 peresenti m’maiko oyambukiridwa ndi 3.

Kusintha kwa nyengo, kusagwirizana, ndi mavuto azachuma zawonjezeranso kusatetezereka kwa chakudya m’maiko ambiri otsika opeza ndalama. Kukwera kwa mitengo ya chakudya, kusokonezeka kwa zopereka, ndi nyengo yowopsa kumachititsa kukhala kovuta kwambiri kwa mabanja ovutika kupeza zakudya zosiyanasiyana ndi zomanga thupi. Kaŵirikaŵiri chuma cha m’nyumba chokha nchosakwanira kuthetsa mavuto ameneŵa, kupanga chithandizo chakunja kukhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chiyambukiro cha dziko lonse.

Mmene Kuthandiza Anthu Odwala Matenda Osoŵa Chakudya Kumayiko Akunja

Chithandizo chakunja chotsogozedwa ndi chakudya si mtundu umodzi wa njira zothandizira koma njira zogwirizana zimene zimasamalira zosoŵa za mwamsanga ndi kupirira kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Maprogramu ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pa milingo yosiyanasiyana: munthu, nyumba, chitaganya, ndi dziko. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli pakati pa chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi cha chakudya . Kuwawanya chakudya pa nthaŵi ya njala, nkhondo, ndi masoka achilengedwe .

  • Kuwonjezera ndi kulimba: Ndalama zothandizira kugawira zakudya zokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito (RUTFs) kwa ana osoŵa chakudya chochuluka, limodzinso ndi kutetezeka kwa zakudya zapamtima monga ufa wa fulawa ndi mafuta ophikira ndi mavitamini ndi mamineral ofunika.
  • [[FLT :0] Kulimbitsa mlingo wa Heath: Ndalama zoyendetsera antchito a zaumoyo a m'chitaganya kuti aonedwe kaamba ka kupereŵera kwa zakudya, kupereka zowonjezera za vitamini A ndi zinc, ndi kusamalira matenda a kuwononga ndi kulephera ndi kuyendetsa zinthu mwa chisamaliro cha m'chitaganya chogwirizana.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Chichirikizo cha ulimi ndi chitetezo cha kakhalidwe: Aid amathandiza alimi ang'onoang'ono kusanthula mbewu, kupeza mbewu zabwino ndi kusunga, ndi kutengamo mbali m'makoka otetezera monga kutumiza ndalama kapena maprogramu a ku sukulu opititsa patsogolo mwachindunji zakudya.

Iliyonse ya njira zimenezi imafunikira ndalama zoyendetsera, ukatswiri wa zomangamanga, ndi mphamvu zaumoyo zimene maiko ambiri otsika ofikapo alibe. Maulalo othandizira ochokera kunja amene amasiyana mwa kupereka osati ndalama zokha komanso chitsogozo chozikidwa pa umboni, madongosolo, ndi njira zoŵerengera.

Njira Zofunika Zoloŵerapo Zothandizidwa ndi Chithandizo cha Mayiko Ena

Kudyetsana ndi Mankhwala Opatsa Thanzi

Kwa ana amene akudwala matenda a njala, zakudya zapadera ndizo zokha zimene zingateteze imfa. Mabungwe monga UNICEF ndi World Food Programme zolandira ndi kugaŵira mamiliyoni a matani a RUTF chaka chilichonse, ochirikizidwa ndi maboma opereka. Zopaka za mtedza zimenezi ndizo mphamvu ndi zochirikizidwa ndi zinthu zonse zofunika. Njira ya miyezi itatu ya RUTF ingatheke pafupifupi $40 mpaka $60 pa mwana aliyense, kupangitsa kuti izikhale imodzi ya njira zothandizira zofunika kwambiri pa moyo.

Zowonjezera Zonunkhira

Vitamin A wowonjezera, woperekedwa kaŵiri pachaka kwa ana osafika zaka zisanu, imachepetsa zonse zochititsa imfa ndi 12 peresenti. Iron ndi folic acid ya akazi oyembekezera imachepetsa upandu wa kuperewera kwa mwazi ndi ubongo. Programme za mchere zimaletsa cretinism ndi kulumala kwa nzeru. Chithandizo cha maiko ena chimachirikiza kupezedwa kwa maluso, malojini, ndi njira zogaŵira zimene zimatsimikizira kuti kuloŵerera kumeneku kukufika kumidzi. Global Alliance for Aultdition (GANIE) ndi Micronutrietian Italie iri pakati pa anthu ofunika pa zoyesayesa zimenezi.

Kuyamwitsa Maŵere ndi Kuthandiza Kuyamwitsa

Kuyamwitsa maŵere kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyamba ya moyo kwavomerezedwa ndi WHO monga njira yoyamba yotetezera kusoŵa kwa zakudya ndi imfa zochititsidwa ndi kutseguka m’mimba. Komabe m'maiko ambiri otsika obwera, machitachita ovulaza monga kupereka madzi kapena mankhwala mwamsanga nzofala. Ndalama za kumaiko ena zothandizira anthu ambiri, kulangiza ausinkhu wausinkhu wachiŵiri, ndi kuchirikiza chitetezo cha olera chimene chimatheketsa amayi kuyamwitsa. Maprogramu oya oyamwitsa chakudya chopatsa thanzi amaphunzitsa mabanja mmene angakonzere zakudya zachuma kuchokera ku zakudya zopezeka m'deralo, kaŵirikaŵiri kuphatikizapo zinthu zochepa za magwero a zinyama monga mazira kapena mkaka.

Zakudya za Kusukulu ndi Chitetezo cha Zakudya Zopatsa Thanzi

Maprogramu a chakudya cha kusukulu amatumikira mbali ziŵiri: amapatsa chakudya chomanga thupi kwa ana amene angakhale ndi njala, ndipo amasonkhezera mabanja kusunga ana kusukulu. World Food Programme imachirikiza maprogramu a sukulu m'maiko oposa 70, amene ambiri a iwo amachokera kwa alimi a kumaloko, kulimbitsa chuma. Kusamuka kwa ndalama ndi maprogramu a zaulimi, ndiponso kochirikizidwa ndi chithandizo cha maiko ena, kumapatsa mabanja mphamvu zogulira zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuchepetsa kudalira pa zakudya zotsika mtengo, zakudya za mafuta a mafuta.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo Ndiponso Zimene Ena Amatsutsa Zokhudza Kuthandiza Anthu Kudya Zakudya

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino, chithandizo chachilendo cha chakudya n’chovuta. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene anthu amatsutsa kwambiri ndi chida chodalira anthu. Ngati chithandizo chichitika mosadziwika kapena mogwirizana ndi ndale za masiku angapo, mayiko amene amachilandira angavutike kukonzekera mapulogalamu odalirika. Ngati opereka asintha zinthu zofunika kapena kuchepetsa bajeti, njira zopezera chakudya zingathe, kuchititsa kuti zinthu zowonongeka zikhale zowonongeka kwambiri kuposa kale.

Vuto lina ndi lakuti, chakudya chimathandiza kuti anthu azipeza bwino, monga thanzi, ulimi, maphunziro, ndi chitetezo m’dziko.

Kusakhazikika kwa ndale zadziko ndi ziphuphu zimafooketsanso kupambana kwa chithandizo. M'nkhani zina, ndalama zolinganizidwa kaamba ka maprogramu a chakudya zimapatutsidwa, kuchedwetsedwa, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwa. Kulamulira kopanda mphamvu ndi kusoŵa kwa kuŵerengera pa mlingo wa kumaloko kumachepetsa chiyambukiro cha ngakhale kuloŵerera kolinganizidwa bwino. Opereka mapangano achitapo kanthu mwa kufuna malamulo okhwima kwambiri, koma nthaŵi zina zimenezi zimawonjezera zothodwetsa za ulamuliro zimene zimachepetsa kuperekedwa.

Pomalizira pake, chithandizo chokha sichingathetse zimene zimachititsa matenda a njala, kusalingana kwa anthu, kusoŵa kwa zinthu zofunika m’thupi, ndi kusoŵa madzi abwino ndi ukhondo ndizo zinthu zimene zimafuna kuti anthu azikhala ndi ndalama zokwanira.

Kufufuza za Matenda: Kumene Chithandizo cha Kunja Chasintha

Programme Yotulutsa Chisungiko ya Ethiopia

Poyambitsidwa ndi kuchirikiza kwenikweni kopereka ndalama, Ethiopia Productive Safety Net Programme imatumiza ndalama kapena chakudya ku mabanja mamiliyoni ambiri aumphaŵi wa chakudya posinthana ndi kugwira ntchito monga kuteteza nthaka ndi kututa madzi. Pulogalamuyi yakhala ikuthandiza kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha ana ochepera pa 58 peresenti mu 2000 mpaka 37 peresenti mu 2019. Imasonyeza kuti chithandizo cha masiku ambiri chingathe kuthetsa njala ndi moyo wautali.

Mautumiki Opititsa Patsogolo Ana Osokonezeka ku India

Pamene kuli kwakuti India si dziko lolandira ndalama zochepa mwa njira za GDP, maiko ake ambiri osauka kwambiri amayang'anizana ndi mavuto a chakudya chopatsa thanzi mofanana ndi chigawo chaching'ono cha Faro Africa . Thandizo la kumaiko akunja kuchokera ku United Kingdom, United States, ndi mabungwe ambiri achirikiza Integrated Child Development Services, mndandanda wa malo oposa 1.4 miliyoni amene amapereka chakudya chowonjezera, kupimidwa kwa thanzi, ndi maphunziro a ubwana. Kusintha kwaposachedwapa, kuphatikizapo kuyambitsidwa kwa zopereka ndi kuwongolera, kwa ndalama zowonongeka kuchokera pa 21 peresenti ya 2005 kufika pa 17 peresenti mu 2020.

Kusamalira Zakudya Zopatsa Umphawi kwa Anthu a ku Niger

Niger, limodzi la maiko osauka kwambiri padziko lonse, wakhala malo oyendetserapo ana odalira pa kusoŵa zakudya m’thupi kwa anthu. Ndi ndalama kuchokera ku European Commission ndi maboma a dziko, Niger anakwera CMAM kuti afutukule madera onse a thanzi, kuphunzitsa zikwi za antchito a zaumoyo kuti adziŵe ndi kuchiritsa ana ndi kuchepetsa matenda a kusoŵa kwa zakudya. Pakati pa 2010 ndi 2018, kuperekedwa kwa matenda aakulu a njala kunawonjezeka kuchokera pa 20 peresenti ndi 85 peresenti, ndipo mlingo wa imfa yonseyo unatsika ndi 5 peresenti. Kupambana kumeneku kwagwiriridwanso m'mayiko ena a Sahelian.

Kuyesa Kuthandiza Kumene Kumathandiza Kudya Mokwanira

Kuchotsapo mphamvu ya chithandizo cha chakudya chopatsa thanzi n’kovuta koma n’kofunika. Zizindikiro zapadera zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kulephera, kuwonongeka, kulemera, ndi microtuteria, komanso kukhudza machiritso ofunika monga vitamini A ndi mankhwala othandizira matenda aakulu a njala. Maprogramu ambiri tsopano amakhudza kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito ziyeso zolamuliridwa mwangozi kapena maluso a zamaganizo. A 2021 a maprogramu 60 a kadyedwe ka zakudya zopatsa thanzi m’maiko otsika anapeza kuti awo amene amalandira chithandizo chachikulu, pa avareji, 30 peresenti akuchepetsa kwambiri poyerekezera ndi kuyang'anira.

Kuwononga ndalama kulinso chinthu china chovuta kwambiri. Malinga ndi Copenhagen Consensus [1], kupatsa amayi oyembekezera ndi ana aang'ono zinthu zopatsa mapindu opitirira 20 kuwirikiza nthaŵi zonse mtengo wa mtengo. Maprogramu a sukulu odyetsa, akasonyezedwa bwino, amabwerera pafupifupi $3 mu umoyo ndi maphunziro pa ndalama iliyonse yowonongedwa. Umboni umenewu umathandiza opereka ndalama kuwonjezera phindu lalikulu la ndalama zoikizira ndalama.

Komabe, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kudakali kovuta chifukwa chakuti zotsatirapo za chakudya chopatsa thanzi zimadalira pa zinthu zambiri monga kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachuma, ukhondo, maphunziro a anakubala, nyengo ya madera , zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi maprogramu othandiza. Komabe, kulemera kwa umboni kumachirikiza mfundo yakuti chithandizo cha kumaiko ena chokonzedwa bwino ndi chochirikizidwa bwino chili ndi chiyambukiro chabwino, chabwino pa kuchepetsa kusoŵa kwa zakudya zonona.

Ntchito ya Kayendetsedwe ka Ntchito ya M’banja Ndiponso Kukhala Woyang’anira Dziko

Chithandizo chachilendo chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamene chimagwirizana ndi kukhala ndi dziko. Maiko amene apanga kupita patsogolo kofulumira m’kuchepetsa kusoŵa kwa zakudya zofunikira, monga Senegal, Nepal, ndi Peru, agwiritsira ntchito malamulo awoawo a kadyedwe ndi bajeti, ndi kuchita mbali yochirikiza. Othandiza kumanga malo, maprogramu a zaumoyo, ndi kupereka chithandizo cha akatswiri a zaluso, koma kusintha kokhalitsa kumafuna chifuniro cha ndalere ndi kusungitsa ndalama m’nyumba.

World Bank [[FLT :1] yakhala wochirikiza wamkulu wa kugwirizanitsa chithandizo ndi makonzedwe a chakudya cha dziko lonse kupyolera mwa Global Finansication Facial ndi ndalama zina zoikizira. Kutero kumatsimikizira kuti chithandizo sichili dongosolo lofanana koma mbali yogwirizana ya njira za boma. Pamene maboma akutsogolera, iwo ali othekera kwambiri kuika pa malo a kuyenera, kusungika, ndi kuŵerengera mlandu.

Kuyang’ana Mtsogolo: Mtsogolo mwa Chithandizo cha Kunja cha Zakudya

Kusintha kwa chithandizo chachilendo n’kusintha kwa nyengo kuyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka ndi kuwopsa kwa mavuto a chakudya, makamaka ku Southern Santiago Africa . Mliri wa CHOVID unasonyeza kuchepa kwa zakudya ndi kufunika kwa masitayelo a anthu. Mwachibadwa, kukwera kwa zipangizo zamakono monga mapulatifomu a zaumoyo, malo akutali, ndi kutumiza ndalama kudzera m'mafoni .

Antchito akusinthanso kusumika maganizo pa zinthu zamwadzidzidzi ndi kugogomezera kwambiri pa kuteteza ndi kupirira. United States Agency for International Development’s Imadyetsa Zamtsogolo, mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza kumanga, chakudya, ndi mphamvu za akazi kuti athe kuyendetsa mizu ya oyendetsa matenda a njala. Mapulatifomu ambiri onga Global Controtion Report amapereka chidziŵitso ndi mlandu wa opereka mphatso ndi maboma omwe ali patsogolo pa cholinga cha World Health Assembly 2030.

Kugwirizana kwa patokha ndi vuto lina limene likubuka. Kulimbitsa zakudya, mbewu zopangidwa ndi mankhwala (zonga ngati vitamini A wolemera ndi nyemba zachitsulo) ndi njira zatsopano zoperekera zowonjezera zikupangidwa ndi ndalama zothandizira anthu osoŵa ndi kampani. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation yakhala ikugwiritsira ntchito kwambiri ntchito kufufuza chakudya ndi kukopa, kusonkhezera kuwonjezera kudzipereka kwa opereka kwa kupereka kwa umboni.

Kumaliza

Chithandizo chakunja chidzakhalabe chida chofunika kwambiri pa nkhondo yapadziko lonse yolimbana ndi matenda a njala m'maiko osauka omwe akuwayembekezera mtsogolo. Chimapereka chuma, ukatswiri, ndi madongosolo amene maiko ambiri sangathe kulinganiza. Pamene ayang'anira bwino ndi kugwirizana ndi zinthu zofunika za dziko, chithandizo chimakhala ndi mphamvu yopulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa moyo kwachikhalire ndi kuwonongeka kwa thupi, ndi chithandizo kuletsa kuswa mzera waumphaŵi wochepa. Vutolo silikupitirizika ngati lipereka thandizo, koma mmene lingalipindulitsire mowonjezereka, ndi kuvomereza zinthu zothetsa mavuto a anthu osauka kwambiri pa Dziko Lapansi. Kuchotsa dziko lapansi popanda matenda a kusoŵa chakudya choyenera kuli cholinga chachikulu, koma ndi ndaletsekera, ndalama, ndi kupitirizabe kudalirana kwa ndale, ndi kupitirizabe kutsimikizira kwake, kuli kotheka.