Tsiku lililonse, popanda kulingalira kwachiŵiri, mamiliyoni a Aamereka amagwirizana ndi makina a boma lawo. Kuyendetsa khadi la ngongole, kuyendetsa galimoto kukagwira ntchito, kugwetsa mwana kusukulu, kapena ngakhale kudya chakudya cha m’maŵa choikidwa pa m’mapaketi — nthaŵi wamba zimenezi zimapangidwa ndi malamulo, malamulo, malamulo, ndi mautumiki kuchokera ku likulu la boma ku Washington, D.C., ndi boma la kaputol patali ndi maola ochepa chabe. Njira imeneyi, yodziŵika monga chigwirizano cha boma, ikhoza kaŵirikaŵiri kumva kukhala kutali kapena kusokonezeka. Komabe, amene amachita, ndi chifukwa chake, sichirikizidwa chabe. Chitsochi chimapereka maziko chowonekera bwino, kusweka kwa ulamuliro ndi kuyendetsa zinthu, mmene amachitira zinthu, mmene amachitira zinthu m’banja lanu, ndi mmene mungatherenjezengayendere moyo wanu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kupangidwa kwa Chipani cha America

Boma la United States likugwira ntchito pansi pa dongosolo la ulamuliro wa aŵiri. Pamene maFramers analembetsa Malamulo, iwo anapanga boma lamphamvu la dziko koma anasamala kusungitsa ntchito ya maboma. Anazindikira kuti boma lapakati pa anthu linaika moyo wankhalwe kutali ndi anthu, pamene kuli kwakuti kusonkhanitsa maufumu odziimira popanda chisokonezo ndi kufooka kwa mtundu. Kuthetsa kunali kulinganiza kowopsa kosonyezedwa makamaka m'malamulo ndi Tente Amendment.

Mphamvu Zosalimba, Zoimirira, ndi Zokhalapo

Kuti mumvetse kuti ndi boma liti limene limakhudza mbali inayake ya moyo wanu, choyamba muyenera kumvetsa mitundu ya maulamuliro amene aliyense ali nawo.

  • Ndandanda ya Maulamuliro (Federal): Awa ndi maulamuliro mwachindunji operekedwa ku boma la boma ndi Konsichushoni . Amaphatikizapo kupeka ndalama, kuyang'anira chigawo cha dziko ndi malonda a mitundu yonse, kulengeza nkhondo, kukweza gulu lankhondo, kukhazikitsa maofesi a positi ofesi, ndi kuyendetsa malamulo achilendo. Maulamuliro ameneŵa andandandalikidwa makamaka m'Chigawo I, Chigawo 8.
  • Reserved Powers (Mafunso): Mpambo wa khumi umasuliza kuti mphamvu iriyonse yosaperekedwa ku boma la boma yasungidwa kaamba ka maboma kapena anthu. Izi zimapatsa ulamuliro pa nkhani zambiri za kumaloko, kuphatikizapo kuchititsa masankho, kukhazikitsa maboma akumaloko, kuyang'anira malonda a maiko, kuyang'anira thanzi la anthu ndi chisungiko, ndi kuyang'anira maphunziro.
  • Mphamvu za kampani (yagaŵiridwa): Maulamuliro ambiri amagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi milingo yonse iŵiri ya boma. Maboma onse aŵiri a boma ndi boma angapereke msonkho wa chiwindi, kubwereka ndalama, kukhazikitsa makhoti, mabanki a shata, ndi kusungitsa malamulo. Pamene amenyana, Supremacy Claus wa Malamulo (Article VI) amalamulira kuti lamulo la boma likhalepo.

Mabomawa sasinthasintha. Kumasulira maulamuliro ameneŵa, makamaka Commerce Claus ponena za malonda apakati pa mayiko, kwasintha kwambiri m'mbiri ya America, kaŵirikaŵiri kufutukulidwa kwa boma la boma. Komabe mabomawo amakhalabe malo oyesera amphamvu a demokrase, njira zoyesera zimene pambuyo pake zingavomerezedwe monga dziko kapena kukanidwa kotheratu.

Boma Ladziko: Kuyang’anira Malamulo a Dziko

Nthawi zambiri zimene boma limachita zimawachititsa kuona kuti ndi kutali ndi dziko lawo, koma zimakhazikitsa dongosolo la chuma cha dziko lonse ndi kuteteza ufulu wa nzika iliyonse.

Makina Otetezera ndi Sayansi

Mwinamwake chiyambukiro chachindunji kwambiri cha boma pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku chimabwera ndi maprogramu a zachuma. Ngati muli ndi ntchito, mumaonadi misonkho ya Federal Inssurances Act (FICA) pa checker iliyonse. Ndalama za msonkho zimenezi Sacial Security [, zimene zimapereka kupuma pantchito, kupunduka, ndi mapindu kwa mamiliyoni a Aamereka, ndi Medicareare , zimene zimapereka inshuwalansi ya za umoyo kwa anthu a zaka 65 ndi achikulire ndi achichepere ena opunduka.

Boma la boma limayang'aniranso Act ya Care [AKA] . [FLT , imakhazikitsa malingana ndi inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo, ndi ndalama Supplial Interition Application Programme [NUTS] . [[FLT:] Fiteral:] Deposit Inshuwalansition (FAC) imasintha ndalama zimene mumasunga kubanki kuti ikhale $50,000, kubweretsa chisungiko ndi kudalira m'zachuma. Pamene chuma chilephera, chiwonetseke [FLT] . [FFFFF:]

Thanzi Lanu, Chitetezo, ndi Malo Okhala

Mmaŵa uliwonse, mumadalira bungwe la mabungwe a boma limene anthu ambiri saganizapo. Pamene mudya bokosilo la chimanga, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) imatsimikizira kuti ili yolembedwa molondola ndi yotetezeka. Madzi oyera amene amatuluka m'popa yanu amaikidwa pansi pa [FLT:] Save Act ya Madzi a Kumwa ndi kukakamizidwa ndi [[FLT:] ENRON DECT DEART (EPA) [PA:5]. Mpweya wanu umayera chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwa EPA.

Pamene muyendetsa galimoto, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) [1] Mumsewu wanu mumakhala ndi makompyuta. Magalimoto ambiri amangidwa ndi ndalama za boma kuchokera ku Mumzera wa Highway System , ntchito ya ukulu wa boma. [[FLT: 4.] Facedal Commissions (FCCCC) [FLT:] imalamulira wailesi yanu, wailesi yakanema, ndi matelefoni.

Chilungamo cha Dziko Lonse ndi Ufulu wa Anthu

Khoti la boma limasamalira milandu ya boma, mikangano ya malamulo, malamulo a zamalonda, ndi mikangano pakati pa maboma. Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo onga FBI , DEA , ndi [FLT] ATF [FLT]F kupenda maupandu amene amadutsa mizera ya boma, onga kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, upandu wolinganizidwa, ndi uchigaŵenga.

Movuta, boma la boma ndilo loyambirira kukakamiza ufulu wachibadwidwe. Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice imakhazikitsa malamulo amene amaletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa fuko, mtundu, chipembedzo, kugonana, chiyambi cha dziko, ndi kulemala. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo ufulu wosankha, nyumba zolungama, ndi kupezeka kolingana pa maphunziro ndi ntchito. Popanda boma limeneli, maboma alionse (natero ndi m'mbiri) akanakhazikitsa malamulo a kutembenuza anthu.

Boma: Dongosolo la Maulamuliro Atsiku ndi Tsiku

Ngati boma la boma likhazikitsa malo ochitira masewera, maboma a boma amatsogolera. Mayiko amayang'anira anthu ambiri okhala m’dzikolo. Iwo ndiwo atsogoleli a boma lakwanu, ntchito yanu, maphunziro a ana anu, ndi mikangano yalamulo imene imabuka pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Maphunziro: Thayo Loyambirira la Boma

Motsimikizirika maphunziro ndiwo ntchito yokwera mtengo ndi yowoneka ya boma la boma. Pamene zigawo za zigawo za sukulu zakumaloko zikuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, maboma amakhazikitsa miyezo ya maphunziro, kukhazikitsa kuyesa, ndi kupereka mbali yaikulu ya ndalama za sukulu kupyolera mwa ma bajeti a boma. Malamulo a boma amasankha njira za ndalama zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimayambitsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zigawo zachuma ndi zaumphaŵi. Mayunivesite a boma ndi makoleji a yunivesite amaphunzitsa mamiliyoni a anthu ndipo amalamulidwa ndi mabungwe a boma ndi kudalirana ndi boma ndi maaumboni ndi kugawa kwa mayezo. Mtsogolo a zachuma a boma amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi dongosolo lake la maphunziro a anthu.

Kampani, Layisensi, ndi Banja

Mumachita ndi boma nthaŵi zonse pamene muyamba kuyendetsa galimoto. Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) ndi bungwe la boma limene limatchula laisensi ya dalaivala ndi kulembetsa galimoto. Apolisi a boma ndi olondera m’misewu yaikulu akukakamiza malamulo a pamsewu. Mkhalidwe wa misewu ndi mabuloho ndi udindo wa boma.

Maboma amakhazikitsa malamulo a za ukwati, amaonetsetsa kuti makolo ndi ana azikhala ndi ana, ndipo amaonetsetsa kuti ana awo ndi oyenera kulera ana awo.

Mautumiki a Zaumoyo wa Anthu Onse ndi Othandiza Anthu

Pamene kuli kwakuti ndalama za boma za boma [[FLT: 0] Magazi ndizo zoyesayesa za boma. Makampani a zaumoyo amafufuza, kuyambitsa matenda, kugwiritsa ntchito maakatemera, ndi kusunga mabodza ofunika (kubadwa ndi zikalata). Ndizo njira yoyamba yodzitetezera pavuto la anthu, kuyambira pa nyengo ya chimfine kukafika ku mliri wa CHOVD.

Gawo la Chilungamo La boma: Bwalo lamilandu Loyamba

Kuposa 95% ya milandu yonse ya boma ku United States imaweruzidwa m'makhoti a boma. Ngati muchita ngozi ya galimoto, kuswa pangano, kutsutsana kwa mwini nyumba, kapena chisudzulo, mukhoza kupezeka m'khoti la boma. Makhoti amamasulira malamulo a boma ndi malamulo a boma, amene kaŵirikaŵiri angapereke chitetezo chokulira kaamba ka zoyenera za munthu aliyense payekha kuposa Lamulo la boma.

Lamulo laupandu ndi ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya boma. Boma ndi apolisi a boma akukakamiza malamulo a boma. Oweruza a boma (Oyang’anira Otsegulidwa) amagamula milandu. Oteteza boma amaimira anthu okana kulowa m'ndende. M’ndende za boma mumakhala pafupifupi 90% ya anthu a m'dzikolo amene ali m’ndende. Njira imene boma limachitira ndi chiweruzo cha apandu kuyambira kulamula kusintha zinthu kuti zibwererenso ku mapulogalamu ake.

Malonda, Licening, ndi Chuma cha Kumaloko

Maboma amagwira ntchito monga oyang'anira zachuma ndi ochirikiza. Amakhazikitsa malamulo a kuyamba ndi kuchita bizinesi. Akatswiri olemba mametanti . "akulu kwa madokotala ndi maloya kwa okonza mapaipi, okonza magetsi, ndi ometa . Maboma amayang'anira makampani a inshuwalansi, zipangizo za boma, ndi malonda a malo enieni. Iwo amakhazikitsanso malipiro ochepera, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amaposa a boma.

Kugwirizana, Kukangana, ndi Mphamvu ya Chuma

Kulamulira kwamakono sikumayenererana bwino lomwe m’mabokosi a boma kapena a boma olinganizidwa bwino.

Fiscal Federalism: Zingwe Zoikidwa

Boma la boma limasonkhezera kwambiri lamulo la boma kupyolera mwa mphamvu yake yowononga zinthu. Pamene boma lipereka chilolezo ku maboma kaamba ka chifuno chapadera . "monga misewu yomanga kapena kufutukuka kwa Medicaid [1] kaŵirikaŵiri imabwera ndi mikhalidwe yolimba. Maboma ayenera kugwirizana ndi malamulo a boma kulandira ndalama. Lingaliro limeneli, lodziŵika monga "fiscal unistism," limalola boma la boma kuika zinthu zofunika za dziko (monga mlingo wa 55 mph kapena nyengo ya zaka 21 ya kumwa) mwa ndalama zimene zimakana.

Kudziyesa ndi Kukopa Woipa

Pamene lamulo la boma litsutsana mwachindunji ndi lamulo lovomerezeka la boma, lamulo la boma limapambana. Ili ndilo Supremacy Claus yomwe ikuchitidwa. Chitsanzo chapadera ndicho kuwombana pakati pa malamulo a boma a kuvomereza chamba ndi lamulo la boma la Substances Act, limene limaika mbanje kukhala Sedyuli yosakhala ya lamulo I. Boma la boma limalola maboma kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo awoawo chifukwa cha zinthu zochepetsedwa ndi kusintha malamulo, koma kutsendereza kwa lamulo kumakhalabe. Lamulo limeneli la kuchotsa chivomerezo limatsimikizira umodzi wa dziko lonse m’madera aakulu koma lingakhale magwero a kugwetsa.

Maboma Okhala Mabungwe a Demokrase

Woweruza Louis Brandeis anatchuka kwambiri kuti "boma lingatumikire monga laboratoria ngati nzika zake zisankha, ndi kuyesa njira zamakono za kakhalidwe ndi zachuma popanda ngozi kumbali zonse za dziko. Ili ndi limodzi la mphamvu zazikulu kwambiri za ulamuliro wa America. Boma laumbeta lingayambitse lamulo monga kusintha kwa kakhalidwe ku Wisconsin, kusintha kwa umoyo ku Massachusetts, kapena miyezo ya carbon diso ku California , ngati ipambana, ingavomerezedwe ndi maboma ena kapena ngakhale boma la boma la boma. Kusintha kumeneku kukhoza kulola malamulo a kakhalidwe ka madera osiyanasiyana kuyendera limodzi ndi zosoŵa.

Kuloŵa M’gulu la Anthu Ochita Zinthu Zotheka

Kumvetsa kugawikana kwa mphamvu ya boma si nzeru chabe, koma ndi chida chothandiza kuti mawu anu amve ndi kusintha. Kudziwa * amene akuchititsa * zinthu * * *, kungakuthandizeni kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mawu anu.

Dziŵani Oimira Anu pa Chiyambi Chilichonse

Nzika zambiri zingatchule Mosavutikira dzina la Pulezidenti, koma ndi zochepa chabe zimene zimadziŵa chiŵalo chawo cha bungwe la boma, woimira boma, kapena chiŵalo cha bungwe la sukulu. Komabe akuluakulu a boma ndi a boma apanga zosankha zimene zili ndi chiyambukiro cha mwamsanga pa misonkho ya katundu wanu, maphunziro a mwana wanu, ndi apolisi a kwanuko. Pezani amene akuimirani pamlingo uliwonse wa boma. USA.gov imagaŵira chiŵindi chokwanira chodziŵira boma lanu, boma, boma, ndi akuluakulu a boma osankhidwa.

Dziŵani Bwino Mpikisano wa Boma ndi wa Mafuko

Voter atembenuka m'boma ndi masankho a kumaloko ali otsika kwambiri poyerekezera ndi masankho a pulezidenti. Izi zikutanthauza kuti voti yanu imapereka kulemera kwakukulu. Perekani chisamaliro chapafupi kwa mafuko kwa nyumba yanu yalamulo, kazembe, ndi loya wamkulu. Malo ameneŵa akugwira mphamvu yaikulu pa kukonza, kuweruza kwaupandu, malamulo ovota, ndi maphunziro. Mapangano a boma amalola nzika kukhazikitsa malamulo a mwachindunji pa nkhani za msonkho kuyambira ku malamulo a chamba mpaka kukhazikitsa lamulo. National Conference of State Legastitus (NCS) imatsatira malamulo a chisankhoma, ndi maphunziro. ndipo angakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa zimene zili pa kuseŵera kwanu.

Limbikirani ndi Maboma

Mabungwe a boma pa milingo yonse iŵiri afunikira kutsatira njira yoperekera malamulo kwa anthu. Pamene bungwe la boma longa EPA kapena bungwe la boma la kumalo ozungulira likukhazikitsa lamulo latsopano, iwo afunikira mwalamulo kutsegula nyengo ya ndemanga zapoyera. Kupereka ndemanga yolingaliridwa bwino, kaya monga munthu kapena gulu, kungakhale ndi chiyambukiro chenicheni pa lamulo lomalizira. Imeneyi ndi njira yachindunji ya kusonkhezera njira yapadera kunja kwa kayendedwe ka masankhoti.

Pitirizani Kutumikira pa Msonkhano wa Onse

Nthambi yaboma yachiweruzo imadalira mwachindunji pa nzika kupyolera mu ntchito yaujuli. Kutumikira pa khoti la oweruza kuli imodzi ya njira zamphamvu kwambiri zogawanamo m'dongosolo la kudzilamulira. Pamlingo wakumaloko, kupezeka pa misonkhano ya m'mabungwe a mzinda, misonkhano ya sukulu, ndi kulinganiza mayeso kwa bungwe la oweruza kukumakulolani kulankhula mwachindunji kwa anthu opanga zosankha ponena za chitaganya chanu. Kaŵirikaŵiri, kagulu kakang’ono, kosasinthasintha ka nzika kangakhale ndi chisonkhezero pa malamulo a kumaloko.

Kumaliza: Nzika Yodziŵa Zinthu

Unansi pakati pa maboma a boma ndi boma suli kutali, si lingaliro lopanda tanthauzo. Ndilo dongosolo logwirira ntchito la demokrase ya Amereka, kugamula amene amasonkhanitsa misonkho yanu, mmene ana anu amaphunzirira, mmene thanzi lanu limatetezedwera, ndi mmene chilungamo chimachitidwira. Pamene kuli kwakuti dongosolo lingakhale locholoŵana ndi nthaŵi zina lolimbana, kapangidwe kake kamapereka mfundo zambiri zoloŵera kwa nzika yoikizidwiratu. Mwakumvetsetsa ntchito za boma, mungayendetse bwino mautumiki amene mumadalira, mukumasunga akuluakulu oyenerera kukhala ndi mlandu, ndi kuyang'anira mphamvu yanu ya boma kumene idzakhala ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu. Mphamvu za dongosololi nthaŵi zonse zakhala ndi anthu odziŵa bwino ndi olamulira maboma amene amalamulira moyo wawo tsiku ndi tsiku.