Mmene Boma Lakumene Mumakhala Limathandizira Zinthu Zimene Zikuchitikira Tsiku Lililonse

Pamene mutuluka pakhomo, boma la kwanuko lili pantchito. Kusankha mkhalidwe wa makwalala amene mumayendetsa, mtundu wa madzi amene mumamwa, nthaŵi ya mautumiki angozi, ndi malamulo amene amalamulira kupita patsogolo kwatsopano m'dera lanu. Pamene kuli kwakuti ndale zadziko ndi boma kaŵirikaŵiri zimalamulira mitu yankhani, makomiti a m'matauni, makomiti a sukulu, ndi madera apadera amapanga zosankha zimene zimakhudza kwambiri zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kumvetsa ntchito zimenezi sikumakuthandizani kuyendetsa chitaganya chanu komanso kumakukonzekeretsani kuchirikiza bwino masinthidwe amene mukufuna kuona.

Ntchito ya Boma Lakumene Kumakhala Core

Maboma a ku United States akupanga mitundu yambiri , (midzi ndi matauni), matauni, matauni, zigawo za sukulu, ndi zigawo zapadera. Pophatikiza, iwo ali ndi udindo wochita ntchito zimene nzikazo zimadalira kwambiri. Udindo wa ntchito zimenezi umachokera ku malamulo a boma kapena malamulo, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kumene kuli kwa anthu.

Kusamala Anthu Onse ndi Mautumiki a Zamsanga

Madipatimenti a apolisi, malo ozimira moto, mautumiki a zachipatala (EMS), ndi malamulo onse otsatizana ndi boma lakwawo. M'madera ambiri, apolisi a kumaloko amavomereza mafoni, kulondera, ndi kufufuza milandu. Madipatimenti a moto amakhazikitsa malamulo omanga ndi kuchitapo kanthu ku moto, kutayika kwa zinthu zowopsa, ndi zachipatala. Chifukwa chakuti nthaŵi zimene ayankha mwachindunji zikukhudza kupulumuka kwa kugwidwa ndi kusweka mtima, kukhoza kwa mautumiki ameneŵa kungakhaledi nkhani ya moyo ndi imfa. Matauni ambiri amagwiranso ntchito yotumiza ndi kuthandizirana ndi kuchuluka kwa mapangano a chithandizo.

Kuyang’anira Maphunziro ndi Sukulu

Makomiti a sukulu a m'dziko amayang'anira maphunziro a boma K-12, kukhazikitsa bajeti, kuvomereza sukulu, olemba ntchito, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo pa chilichonse kuyambira pa malamulo a kavalidwe ndi chilango cha ophunzira. Pafupifupi 90% ya ndalama zoyendetsera sukulu za boma [ imachokera ku boma ndi magwero a kumaloko, ndi misonkho ya katundu yoimira gawo lalikulu lakwanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zosankha zochitidwa ndi komiti yanu ya sukulu zimakhudza osati kokha zimene ana anu amaphunzira komanso msonkho wanu. Makoleji a chitaganya ndi mayunivesite ena amagwiranso ntchito pansi pa bungwe lakwawo kapena madera a msonkho wapadera.

Malamulo ndi Ntchito Zothandiza Anthu

Maboma a m’derali amasunga misewu, maulalo, misewu, magalasi a pamsewu, maatomu, ndi njira za madzi otentha. Amayendetsa madzi ndi mankhwala otayika, kaŵirikaŵiri kudzera mwa makampani a magetsi osiyanasiyana. Mkhalidwe wa misewu ya kumaloko umawononga nthaŵi zapadera, ndalama zosamalira galimoto, ndi chitetezo. Mwachitsanzo, mabogi ndi makwalala osalimidwa bwino akakhala ndi chipale chofewa angachedwe kuyenda ndi kuyambitsa ngozi. Kuwonjezera apo, madipatimenti a zoyendera amathandiza anthu apaulendo, mabasi, ndi sitima zapanjika.

Mapaki, Zosangulutsa, ndi Malo Oonetserako Anthu

Mapaki ndi madipatimenti a zosangulutsa akugwira ntchito m'mabwalo a maseŵera, malo a zamaseŵera, malo osambira, ndi chilengedwe. Malo ameneŵa amapereka mipata ya kulimbitsa thupi, kugwirizana ndi anthu, ndi ubwino wa maganizo. Maphunziro a National Refition and Park Association [1] nthaŵi zonse amasonyeza kuti kupezeka ku mapaki kumachepetsa kupsinjika maganizo, kuwongolera mgwirizano wa chitaganya, ndi kuwonjezera mapindu a chuma. Boma lanu limasankha njira zimene zimamangidwa, kaya kuika zida zatsopano zosewera, ndi kuti madera aunyinji amayeretsa ndi kusungidwa.

Chitetezo cha Umoyo wa Anthu Onse ndi Zachilengedwe

Madipatimenti a zaumoyo a kumaloko amapereka katemera, malesitilanti ndi masitolo, kuyang'anira mpweya ndi madzi, ndi kuchitapo kanthu ku matenda obuka. Amakhazikitsa malamulo aukhondo, amakonza njira zaukhondo, ndi kupanga maprogramu abwino. M'madera ambiri, boma limayang'anira kusonkhanitsa zinyalala zolimba, kukonzanso zinthu, ndi kutaya zinyalala zowopsa. Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito malo, malamulo a phokoso, ndi kuyang'anira mphamvu ya apolisi a m'deralo kutetezera thanzi ndi moyo wa anthu onse.

Kuwomba Nsalu, Kugwiritsira Ntchito Malo Okongola, ndi Nyumba

Mwinamwake chida champhamvu koposa chimene boma lakumaloko limagwiritsira ntchito kuumba moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndicho kugawa malo kukhala zigawo (zamalonda, za maindasitale, za maindasitale, zosanganizidwa) ndi kuika malamulo a zimene zingamangidwe, kutalika kwa nyumba, ndi kuchuluka kwa kuimika. Zimenezi zimasankha kaya kaya nyumba za banja limodzi, nyumba zokhalamo, masitolo, kapena msanganizo wa zitatu zonse.

Kuwononga Nyumba

Malamulo oletsa malo angayendetse ndalama za nyumba mwa kuchepetsa kuperekedwa kwa nyumba. M’mizinda yambiri, banja limodzi lokhala ndi malo oletsa duplexes, tauni, kapena malo okhala (ADUS), kupangitsa kukhala kovuta kwa mabanja achichepere, achikulire, ndi antchito opereŵera kupeza nyumba zokhoza kupezeka. Komanso, maboma a m'madera ambiri angalimbikitse kukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ophatikiza, madoko, ndi kulola. Gulu lanu lolinganiza ndi la mzinda limakhudza mwachindunji kaya nyumba yatsopano inamangidwa m'dera lanulo.

Mmene Kugwiritsira Ntchito Dziko Kumayambukirira Gulu Lanu

Zosankha za kumene angalole nyumba zatsopano ndi mabizinesi kukonza njira za kayendedwe. Kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono, kudalira pa galimoto, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, ndi kupanga ulendo wapoyera wosathandiza. Kuphatikizana, kupangidwa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumalola kuyenda, kukwera njinga, ndi kupita m'magalimoto afupi. Makonzedwe atsatanetsatane ndi maprogramu a zoyendera awongolera amatsogolera zosankha zimenezi zaka makumi ambiri. Anthu amene amapita ku makutu a anthu onse pa masinthidwe a m'dziko angathandize kuwongolera njira imene imagwira ntchito kwa aliyense.

Misonkho ya M’derali, Manda, ndi Khoma Lanu

Malamulo a boma amayendetsedwa makamaka ndi misonkho ya katundu, misonkho, ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito, ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama. Ndalama za boma zimasankha kuti ndiangati apolisi amene amalondera misewu yanu, kuti misewu ingayendetsedwe, ndiponso ngati malaibulale akhalabe otseguka pa Loŵeruka. Kumvetsa kayendedwe ka bajeti kumapatsa anthu ufulu wolimbikitsa zinthu zofunika monga mapulogalamu a pambuyo pa sukulu, nyumba zokhoza kugula, kapena kukonzanso nyengo.

Kukhoma Misonkho ndi Kuigulitsa

Malipi a msonkho wa katundu wanu amaŵerengeredwa malinga ndi mtengo wa nyumba yanu ndi mtengo wa msonkho wa kumaloko (muyambo wa levy). Maboma ndi malo amene amaŵerengera milandu ya anthu pa kuwonjezeka kwa misonkho ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoikizidwa. Kufufuza kwapadera kungaonekere kuti kukhale kowongoletsera makwalala, kuchotsa zonyansa, kapena malo atsopano. Makampani ambiri amavomereza mapangano a malikulu monga sukulu zatsopano kapena malo osungirako moto. Malamulo ameneŵa amayambukira mwachindunji katundu wanu wa msonkho ndi mautumiki amene mumalandira.

Ntchito Yolipidwa ndi Wogwiritsa Ntchito

Masheya a madzi, ndalama zosungira zimbudzi, ndalama zosungira zinyalala, zilolezo zomanga, ndi malipiro a mita zoimika zonsezo zimaikidwa ndi boma lakumaloko. Pamene kuli kwakuti zimasungitsa mautumiki apadera, zimawononganso ndalama zapanyumba. Mizinda ina imapatsa ndalama zochepetsera anthu olandira ndalama zochepa kapena achikulire, pamene kuli kwakuti ena amagwiritsira ntchito milongo ya mapulogalamu kulimbikitsa kusungidwa. Kuwona bwino mmene ndalama zimenezi zimaŵerengetsera kukhala mbali yaikulu ya kuŵerengera mlandu kwa kumaloko.

Umodzi wa Anthu: Mbali Yanu Popanga Zosankha Zakumene Mumakhala

Boma la m’derali limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ngati anthu akugwira ntchito yosankha. Mosiyana ndi masankho a m’dzikolo, anthu ambiri amasankha masankho m’mphepete mwa mphepete mwa misewu, ndipo malo ambiri a m’mabungwe a makomiti a masukulu, ndi m’mabungwe a boma amakhala ndi malo ochepa oonera. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ochepa chabe amene agwirizana kuti apange chisankhocho akhoza kupambana.

Kupezeka pa Misonkhano ndi Kumvetsera Nkhani

Misonkhano ya bungwe la mizinda, magawo a bungwe la sukulu, kukonzekera kugamula milandu, ndi misonkhano yaudindo yachigawo ya onse kaŵirikaŵiri imaperekedwa kwa anthu onse. A misinkhu imaikidwa pasadakhale, ndipo ambiri amalola ndemanga zapoyera pa zinthu zimene zikulingaliridwa. Kaya mukufuna kulankhula za kupangidwa kwatsopano, lamulo lolingaliridwa, kapena chosankha cha bajeti, kuwonekera mwaumwini (kapena mwa Place) ndiyo njira yolunjika kwambiri yodziŵikitsira mawu anu.

Kutumikira m’Mabungwe ndi Maudindo

Maboma ambiri a m'maderawo ali ndi makomiti odzipereka openda milandu ya malo, olangiza za mapaki ndi zosangulutsa, oyang'anira kampani, kapena oyamikira kusoŵa pokhala. Malo ameneŵa amaikidwa ndi akuluakulu osankhidwa ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi chisonkhezero chenicheni pa malamulo. ICMA [1] ndi mabungwe ena a akatswiri amapereka chuma kwa nzika zokondwerera ntchito zimenezi.

Kujambula Mitengo m’Zosankha Zam’malowo

Chisankho cha kumaloko . kaŵirikaŵiri chimachitika m'zaka zapadera kapena monga masankho apadera a panjinga . Woyang'anira msonkhano wa mzinda wanu, bungwe la sukulu, ndi bungwe la boma. Akuluakulu ameneŵa amakhazikitsa misonkho, kuvomereza, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo amene amaumba moyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuyang'ana kulembetsa kwanu, kuphunzira za ofunsira a kumaloko, ndi kuponya pepala m'masankhoti alionse akwanu ndi imodzi ya zochita zamphamvu zimene mungachite.

Kuchitapo Kanthu m’Magulu a Anthu

Mabungwe a anthu, mayanjano a eni nyumba, makampani, makampani, ndi zinthu zina za m'dzikolo, zonsezo zimagwirizana ndi boma lakwanu. Magulu ameneŵa angakuuzeni mawu anu pankhani monga kukhazikitsa bata m’misewu, kukonza bwino malo osungirako zachilengedwe, kapena kuteteza anthu. Matauni ambiri ali ndi “maprogramu aunansi amene amathandiza kuti anthu azikhala ndi anthu a m’mizindayo komanso kuti azitha kulankhulana bwino.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Zachuma ndi Ntchito

Maboma akumeneku amapikisana kwambiri pofuna kukopa makampani ndi kupanga ntchito. Amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana: misonkho, malolezo, zopereka, kuwongolera zinthu za m’mafakitale, ndi maprogramu a ntchito.

Thandizo la Mabizinesi Aang’ono

Makampani ambiri amayang'anira malo ang'onoang'ono opangira malonda, amapanga malo osungirako zinthu zaching'ono, ndi malo osungiramo zinthu monga kugulitsa ndi kulola. Ena ali ndi “maluso a malonda a kuchepetsa katundu wotsegulira. Mwachitsanzo, boma la kumaloko limene limapanga njira zake zovomerezera kutsalira lingapulumutse milungu yaing'ono ya eni mabizinesi oyembekezera.

Kupita Patsogolo ndi Kuphunzitsa Ntchito

Maboma akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi makoleji a anthu, masukulu a zopangapanga, ndi mabwana kuti apereke mapulogalamu ophunzitsa ntchito m’ntchito monga zaumoyo, kupanga, ndi luso la zopangapanga. Maprogramu ameneŵa amayendetsedwa mwa kupereka msonkho kapena ndalama za boma. Amathandiza anthu kukhala ndi maluso ofunika pantchito zapamwamba ndi kuchepetsa ulova.

Mavuto Amene Maboma Akulimbana Nawo Lerolino

Ngakhale kuti maboma a m’mayikowa ndi ofunika kwambiri, kudziwa mavuto amenewa kumathandiza anthu okhala m’deralo kuti azikhala oyembekezera zinthu zimene angathe ndipo kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri.

Malamulo Ogwiritsa Ntchito Bajeti ndi Malamulo Osagwiritsidwa Mwala

Zikalata za msonkho wa katundu, msonkho wa DEC, ndi ndalama zowonjezereka za ndalama za penshoni ndi zosamalira zaumoyo zimapanikiza ndalama za kumaloko. Panthaŵiyi, maboma a boma ndi a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amakhazikitsa [[FLT: 0] malamulo osavomerezedwa [1] Malamulo amene maboma a m'dziko ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito popanda kupereka ndalama zofunikira. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo malamulo a madzi apansi, mautumiki apadera a maphunziro, ndi masankhoti okwezedwa.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Misewu yambiri, milatho, maato, ndi madongosolo a madzi onyansa anamangidwa pakati pa zaka za zana la 20 ndipo akuyandikira mapeto a miyoyo yawo yothandiza. American Society of Civil Engineers imapereka dongosolo la zinthu za dzikolo la ‘C', ndipo madongosolo ena akumalo ali m’mkhalidwe woipitsitsa. Kukonza kapena kuchotsa katundu ameneyu kumawonongetsa madola mabiliyoni ambiri amene madera ambiri alibe.

Kusintha Ndale ndi Kukhulupirira

Kusagwirizana pankhani ya kukula kwa ntchito, misonkho, fuko, ndi thanzi la anthu kwachititsa misonkhano yakumaloko kukhala yotsutsana kwambiri. mizinda ina yaona anthu a m’bungwelo akuvutitsidwa kapena kuopsezedwa.

Zomwe Zikuchitika M’dzikolo Zikuwononga Tsogolo la Boma

Kuti apitirizebe kugwira ntchito yawo, maboma akusintha njira zatsopano zogwirira ntchito ndiponso zimene anthu akuyembekezera.

Luso la Kumzinda Lochenjera

Azotumiza mauthenga, makompyuta, ndi makompyuta amathandiza mizinda kuyendetsa magalimoto, kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi, kukonza bwino madzi, ndi kulola. Mwachitsanzo, mamita amadzi abwino angaone kuchucha msanga, ndi zizindikiro za kayendedwe ka galimoto zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kusintha kwa Nyengo

Maboma a m’maderawa akuyesetsa kusintha nyengo.

Kusankhana Malamulo ndi Kulamulira Konse

Poyankha kupempha kuti pakhale chilungamo cha fuko ndi cha kakhalidwe, maboma ambiri akuyang’anira kuŵerengera kwa malingana, kupanga mabungwe okonza makampani a boma, ndi kukonzanso ntchito zapolisi, kumanga malo, ndi kukonza bajeti. Ena akhazikitsa maofesi a mafuko osiyana kapena antchito odzipereka kutsimikizira kuti malamulo savulaza kwambiri magulu otsatizana.

Kupangana Usilikali ndi Kulemba Zinthu Zomwe Zikupezeka

Makina a pa Intaneti amalola anthu kusimba za mabowo, chilolezo chomangira malo, kuchita nawo masewera oika ndalama pa Intaneti, ndi kuvomereza malamulo operekedwa ndi foni zawo. Mafoni otsegulira zinthu amapanga boma, ziŵerengero za upandu, ndi makompyuta opezeka poyera. Ziwiya zimenezi zimawonjezera kuonekera kwa malo ndi kuchititsa kuti anthu otanganidwa azidziloŵetsamo pa ndandanda yawo.

Mapeto ake: Boma Lanu Ndi Lanu

Boma la kumaloko limagwira ntchito pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya tsiku lanu . Kuchokera ku kutetezereka kwanu kwa ulendo wanu ku maphunziro a mwana wanu, kuchokera ku paki kumene mumayenda galu wanu kumka kumalipiro a msonkho panyumba panu. Pamene kuli kwakuti limayang'anizana ndi mavuto enieni, limaperekanso malo osavuta kuloŵeramo. Kaya mupite ku msonkhano wa bungwe, voti m'masankho akwanu, kapena gwirizanani ndi gulu la kwanuko, kukhudzidwa kwanu kungaumbitse mwachindunji mudzi umene mumakhalamo, ntchito, ndi kulera banja. Zosankhazo zimapangidwa pafupi ndi nyumba yanu, ndipo ndi mipata ya kusiyanitsa.