Khoti likhoza kudabwa kwambiri makamaka kwa anthu amene sanalowererepo m’nkhani. Mlandu uliwonse, kaya wa anthu kapena waupandu, umatsatira njira yoyambirira yotsatizana mpaka kumaliza chigamulo. Kumvetsa siteji iliyonse kumachepetsa nkhaŵa komanso kumathandiza kupanga zosankha zodziwitsa, kugwira ntchito bwino ndi loya wanu, ndi kupeŵa kulakwitsa kowonongetsa ndalama zambiri.

Kumvetsa Khoti

Musanalembe mlandu, muyenera kudziŵa kuti ndi khoti liti limene lili ndi ulamuliro woumva. Khoti la United States limagwira ntchito pa njira ziŵiri zoyendera: boma ndi boma. Iliyonse ili ndi udindo wake wa khoti lozenga milandu, makhoti apakati, ndi khoti lapamwamba. Mlanduwo umasankha malo olondola.

Makhoti a Boma

Makhoti a boma amasamalira milandu yokhudza lamulo la boma, nkhani za malamulo, mikangano pakati pa maboma, kapena zipani zosiyanasiyana zimene zili m'zigawo kumene ndalama zotsutsana zikupitirira $75,000. Milandu ya boma imaphatikizapo kulephera kubweza ngongole, kuphwanya lamulo, ndi kugamula milandu kwa boma. U.S khoti zimapereka kusweka kwatsatanetsatane kwa malamulo.

Makhoti adziko ali ndi ulamuliro waukulu pa nkhani zambiri zachiŵeniŵeni ndi zaupandu, kuphatikizapo mikangano ya pangano, kuvulala kwaumwini, lamulo la banja, nkhani za mwininyumba, ndi kuswa lamulo la boma. Milandu yambiri imayamba m'khoti lamilandu, kaŵirikaŵiri yotchedwa khoti lapamwamba, khoti lachigawo, kapena khoti la dera kudalira pa boma.

Makhoti Amakhala M’kati mwa Dongosolo

  • Makhoti a Chitetezo: pamene umboni uperekedwa, mboni, ndi zigamulo zoyambirira zapangidwa. Makhoti ameneŵa amasankha mfundo ndi kugwiritsira ntchito lamulo.
  • Makhoti a Apwirikiti a M’kati: Amapenda zigamulo za khoti za milandu. Palibe umboni watsopano woperekedwa; mmalo mwake, maloya amatumiza zikalata zachidule zolembedwa ndipo nthaŵi zina amapereka zigomeko za pakamwa.
  • Khoti Lapamwamba Koposa (Khoti Lapamwamba): Kaŵirikaŵiri amamva kokha milandu imene imaphatikizapo mafunso alamulo kapena kumene makhoti aang'ono apereka zigamulo zotsutsana. M'dongosolo la boma, Bwalo Lapamwamba la U.S. lili ndi kupenda kosankha.

Kudziimba Mlandu

Kupatula mlandu ndi kachitidwe kamwambo ka kuyambitsa mlandu. Kumafuna kukonzekera ndi kumamatira ku malamulo amwambo amene amasiyanasiyana mwa kulamulira.

Tayesani Kuimbidwa Mlandu ndi Venue

Juridition imaimira ulamuliro wa khoti kuti limve mlandu. Muyenera kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wapamwamba wa onse aŵiri (mphamvu ya khoti pa mtundu wa kutchuka) ndi ulamuliro wa munthu aliyense (mphamvu ya khoti pa woimbidwa mlandu). Vanue [1] Ndilo malo enieni kumene mlanduwo uyenera kuikidwa, makamaka kumene Mgiriki amakhala kapena kumene chochitikacho chinachitika. Kuzemba m'khoti yolakwa kungatulutse chigamule.

Konzani ndi Mafaelo Olembedwa

Chikalata chachikulu ndicho chipanduko (kapena pempho), chimene chimafotokoza zinenezo za mtsogoleri ndi maziko alamulo a mlanduwo. M'milanduwo, boma limaikamo mlandu kapena chidziŵitso. Mbali zazikulu zimaphatikizapo:

  • Mawu omveka bwino amene anachititsa kuti pakhale mkanganowo.
  • Zikalata zalamulo, monga kuswa pangano kapena kunyalanyaza.
  • Anafuna chithandizo, chimene chingaphatikizepo kuvulazidwa ndi ndalama, malamulo, kapena ziweruzo zoluluza.

Mabwalo ambiri amafuna kuti chidandaulocho chilinganizidwe mogwirizana ndi malamulo akutiakuti onena za malire a m’mphepete, a foni, ndi tsamba. Makhoti ambiri tsopano amalandira kutsegulidwa kwa magetsi (e- filge) kupyola m'mapulatifomu onga ngati PACER kaamba ka milandu ya boma.

Mbalame Zouluka Motentha

Malipiro a kupeka amasiyana kwambiri. M'khoti la boma, ndalama zolemba ngati 2025 ndi $422 ya milandu ya boma. Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amalipira $150-400 [$400]. Ngati simungathe kulipira, mungaikepo kutumiza kwa opanga mwa kuonetsa. LawHelp. org malo operekera malangizo pa za kugula ndalama za orrect ndi zinthu zina za probono.

Kutumikira Msilikali

Pambuyo pa kukonza, muyenera kudziŵitsa woimbidwa mlandu. Imeneyi ikutchedwa n’kutsogolera ntchito. Utumiki woyenerera ndi wofunika; ngati woimbidwa mlanduyo sanaperekedwe molondola, mlanduwo sungapitirize ndipo ungathamangitsidwe.

Njira Zotumikirira

  • [[MLT:0] Utumiki waumwini: Server, dejaff, kapena munthu wina wololedwa akupereka dandaulo ndi kuitana mwachindunji kwa woimbidwa mlandu.
  • Utumiki woikidwa: Ngati woimbidwa mlandu sapezeka, khoti lingalole utumiki pa wachikulire wa thayo panyumba kapena bizinesi ya woimbidwa mlandu, kutsatiridwa ndi makalata.
  • Kuthandiza ndi Makalata: Maboma ena amalola utumiki kupyola m'makalata otsimikiziridwa ndi lisiti yobwezera yopemphedwa.
  • Kuthandiza ndi Publication: Pamene malo a woimbidwa mlandu sadziŵika, khoti lingalole chidziŵitso kupyolera m’chofalitsidwa cha nyuzipepala / a pomalizira pake.

Umboni wa Utumiki

Mkati mwa nthaŵi yoikika (kaŵirikaŵiri 30-90 masiku), mtsogoleri ayenera kusindikiza [[FLT: 0] chitsimikiziro cha utumiki ndi khoti, kusonyeza kuti woimbidwa mlanduyo anatumikiridwa bwino. Kulephera kuchita tero kungachedwetse mlanduwo kapena kutulukapo m’kuchotsedwa.

Zimene Mtetezi Wawo Anayankha

M’khoti la boma, nthaŵi ya kumaliza ntchito imasinthasintha masiku 21 pambuyo pa ntchito.

Kulabadira Kothekera

  • Yankho: Woimbidwa mlandu avomereza kapena kukana chinenezo chilichonse. Chinenezo chilichonse chosakanidwa chingavomerezedwe. Yankho lingadzutsenso chitetezo (m’jere, lamulo la kulephera, kunyalanyaza kopereka).
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuchotsa: Woimbidwa mlanduyo akunena kuti kudandaulako kumalephera kupereka chinenezo chalamulo kapena kuti khoti sililamulira. Ngati liloledwa, mlandu umachotsedwa (kaŵirikaŵiri ndi kuleka).
  • Coriorium : [[FLT :1] Woimbidwa mlandu amaneneza mlandu wake motsutsana ndi mtsogoleri wachipembedzo. M'makhoti ambiri, malamulo otsutsa amakakamiza ngati alephera kuyendetsa malondawo.

Chiweruzo Cholungama

Ngati woimbidwa mlanduyo alephera kuyankha mkati mwa nthaŵi yoikidwiratu, woyang'anira angapemphe chiweruzo chamwambo . Izi zikutanthauza kuti khoti liyamba kuweruza popanda kuzenga mlandu. Komabe, woweruzayo ayenerabe kutsimikizira chivulazo ngati chinenezocho chikhala cha mlingo wosaŵerengetsedwa.

Njira Zoyambira Pambuyo Pake

Asanaweruzidwe, khoti ndi mamembala amachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana pankhani zopanda pake, amapeza umboni, ndi kupenda.

Kutulukira

Zinthu zimene apeza ndi umboni wosonyeza kuti zinthuzo ndi zoona, ndipo mbali zonse ziwiri ziyenera kuyang’ana pa zimene zilipo ngakhale zitakhala kuti zikuwapweteka.

  • ['Mafunso olembedwa amene ayenera kuyankhidwa pansi pa lumbiro.
  • Malonsi: Umboni wa Mawu wochitidwa pansi pa lumbiro pamaso pa mtolankhani wa khoti, ndi maloya a mbali zonse ziŵiri zomwe ziripo.
  • Kufuna kaamba ka Kutulutsa: Zofunidwa kupanga zikalata, ma email, zithunzithunzi, kapena umboni wina wowoneka.
  • Mapangano a Kuvomereza: Mawu amene munthu wina ayenera kuvomereza kapena kukana kutsutsana kochepa kwa zenizeni.

Kutulukira kungakhale kotsutsana. Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amapereka malamulo otetezera kuchepetsa kuvutitsidwa kapena mtolo wosayenerera. American Bar Association imapereka zitsogozo pa kutulukira machitachita abwino koposa.

Kuyenda

Kungochita zinthu asanaikidwe mlandu kungathetse nkhani popanda kuzenga mlandu. Zochitika wamba zimaphatikizapo:

  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kuti palibe mikangano yeniyeni ya zenizeni zakuthupi ndipo gulu losamukalo liri loyenera kuweruza monga nkhani ya lamulo.
  • Motion mu Limine: imafuna kuchotsa umboni wina kuti usaperekedwe pozenga mlandu.
  • Motion ku Compel Discovery: [[FL:1] khoti likupempha kuti lilamulire mbali inayo kutulutsa umboni umene iwo sanapeze.

Msonkhano Wapachiyambi

Woweruza achita msonkhano kuti akambirane za malo a mlanduwo, nkhani zochepera, kukhazikitsa masiku, ndi kulimbikitsa kugaŵidwa. M'zigawo zambiri, khoti limafuna [[FLT: 0] nthano [1] kapena misonkhano yapatalikitsa [[FLT :3] deti la kuzenga mlandu lisanakhazikike.

Kuzenga Mlandu

Mayeso angakhale milandu ya pa benchi (woweruza) kapena milandu ya ajuli (woweruza milandu yonena zoona).

Kusankha Jury

M'kuweruza kwa ajuli, oweruza othekera amafunsidwa ndi maloya ndi woweruza kupyolera mwa [[FLT: 0] owopsa kuvumbula tsankho. Mbali iriyonse ingagwiritsire ntchito zitokoso zopinga (nambala yogawidwa kuchotsa oweruza popanda chifukwa) ndi zitokoso kaamba ka choyambitsa (opanda malire, koma ayenera kusonyeza tsankhu). Oweruza omalizira kwenikweni ali ndi 6-12 mu nkhani zachiŵeniŵeni.

Mawu Otsegulira

Mbali iriyonse imapereka kulongosola kwa zimene umboniwo udzasonyeza, izi siziri mikangano koma mapu a msewu. lactiff (kapena kusumira mlandu) imayamba.

Umboni Wosonyeza

Woimba mlandu akusonyeza mlandu wake, kuitana mboni ndi kuyambitsa zisonyezero. Woimbidwa mlanduyo angawolokere ku ixamine iliyonse. Ndiyeno woimbidwa mlanduyo apereka mlandu wake, kutsatiridwa ndi umboni wotsutsa wochokera kwa wofufuza. Malamulo a umboni amalamulira zimene zingavomerezedwe; luntha kaŵirikaŵiri limachotsedwa pokhapo ngati chilolezo chikugwira ntchito.

Kutseka Malire

Mbali iliyonse imalongosola mwachidule umboniwo ndi kutsutsa chifukwa chake wotolayo ayenera kulamulira mogwirizana ndi zimenezo. Loya wa mtsogoleri wachipembedzoyo amayamba ndi kumaliza m’zigawo zina.

Kuweruza

Oweruza kapena oweruza mwadala ndi kupereka chigamulo. M'nkhani zachiŵeniŵeni, chigamulo chiyenera kuzikidwa pa kusinkhasinkha za umboni [ (mwachidziŵikire kwambiri kuposa ayi); m’nkhani zaupandu, chikhale chosakayikitsa.

Mitundu ya Zolakwa

  • General Verdict: Kupeza kosavuta kwa mpandu kapena woimbidwa mlandu.
  • Special Verdict: Oweruza amayankha mafunso enieni, ndipo woweruzayo amatsatira lamulo.

Pambuyo pa chigamulo, woweruza analoŵa kuweruza – lamulo la boma la khoti lopereka kapena kukana chithandizo. Chiweruzo chingaphatikizepo ntchito yapadera, kuwonongeka kwa ndalama, kuchepetsa, kapena chilengezo cha zoyenera.

Kuyenda Pambuyo pa Kulira

Mkati mwa windo laling’ono (kaŵirikaŵiri masiku 10-30), phwando lingalembe m’njira zotsalira monga:

  • Motion ya Chigamulo Chitsutso Chitsutso (JNOV): imapempha khoti kutseka chigamulo cha oweruza ngati sichili chokwanira mwalamulo.
  • [[MLT:0] Kugamula kwa Mlandu Watsopano: Mabungwe amene amalakwa mkati mwa kuzenga mlandu anayambukira chotulukapo.
  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kukopa

Ngati chipani chikhulupirira kuti khoti lamilandu lipanga chiwongo, iwo angapitire ku khoti lapamwamba. Kupinga sikulinso milandu; khoti lamilandu limapenda mbiri kaamba ka zolakwa za lamulo.

Zidziŵitso za Chikopa

Phwando losangalatsalo liyenera kuika [[FLT: 0] pepala la chikopa m'nyengo yoikika kwambiri (kaŵirikaŵiri masiku 30 kuchokera ku chiweruzo). Kuphonya nthaŵi imeneyi kumataya kuyenera kwa kukopa.

Kuyesa Kuyesa

Mabukuwa amafotokoza mwachidule chifukwa chake mlandu wa khotilo uyenera kuchirikizidwa kapena kusinthidwa.

Muyezo wa Kubwereramo

Makhoti ofufuza amagwiritsira ntchito miyezo yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi nkhaniyo: ndi olephera kufunsa mafunso a zamalamulo (osagonjera kwa woweruza woweruza), kulakwa koonekeratu kaamba ka zopezedwa zenizeni, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nzeru pa kuweruza kwa umboni kapena nkhani za pulojekiti.

Nthaŵi zina, munthu amene walepherayo angapemphe boma kapena khoti Lalikulu la United States kuti limupende, koma mapemphero oterowo saperekedwa kaŵirikaŵiri pokhapokha ngati nkhaniyo ikukhudza nkhani yalamulo.

Kusankha ndi Kukakamiza

Pambuyo pa chiweruzo chomaliza, wopambanayo ayenera kusonkhanitsa ngati wolepherayo sachita modzifunira.

Njira Zokakamiza

  • Ndalama za Garnishish: [[FL:1] Khoti limalamula bwana wa ngongoleyo kapena banki kutumizanso gawo la malipiro kapena ndalama za akaunti kuti akhutiritse chiweruzo.
  • Kulakwa : Chiweruzo chimaikidwa pa chuma cha wokongola. Chiweruzo chimaperekedwa pamene katundu wagulitsidwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Bank Levy: Khoti limalamula banki ya ngongoleyo kuunjikana ndi kubweza ndalama.
  • Kuweruza: Agwira ndi kugulitsa katundu wosawombola wa wangongole kuti akwaniritse chiweruzo.

Ngongole zambiri nzokhoza kuchotsedwa pa kulephera kubweza ngongole, kumene kungaimitse zoyesayesa zopereka. Chitsogozo cha Nolo pa kusungitsa chiweruzo [[FLT: 1] chimafotokoza malire ndi kusakhozetsa zimene zimatetezera chuma china.

Kuthetsa Mikangano Ina Monga Njira Yofanana

Pamene kuli kwakuti njira ya khoti ili njira yamwambo, milandu yambiri imathetsedwa kupyolera mu kugwirizanitsa . Arbit imaloŵetsamo wosaloŵererapo amene amamva ndi kupereka chigamulo. Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amalimbikitsa kapena afuna kuti anthu ayese kuyesa kuyankha mafunso monga njira yothetsera mikangano popanda kuzenga mlandu. Kumvetsa zosankha zimenezi kungapulumutse nthaŵi, ndalama, ndi kuvutitsa maganizo.

Malangizo Othandiza Poletsa Khotili

  • Sungani zolembera mosamalitsa: Sungani makalata onse, mapepala, malisiti, ndi umboni wogwirizana ndi nkhani yanu.
  • Tsalani nthaŵi zonse zoikidwiratu: Kuphonya nthaŵi yoikidwiratu kapena mawonekedwe a khoti kungachititse kuchotsedwa kapena kulephera.
  • Ntchito ndi loya woyeneretsedwa: Ngakhale m'mabwalo amilandu aang'ono, uphungu walamulo ngwamtengo wapatali. Mabungwe ambiri opereka chithandizo chalamulo amapereka mayeso aulere aulere kwa olandira otsika.
  • Ganizirani zinthu zokuthandizani: Website za khoti, malaibulale a lamulo, ndi malo alamulo otchuka monga Cornell Information Institute imapereka mafomu ndi zitsogozo.

Kukhazikitsa lamulo la khoti n’kovuta kwambiri, koma sitepe lililonse lakonzedwa kuti litsimikizire kuti n’loyenera ndiponso n’loyenera. Mwa kumvetsa ulendo wochokera ku kukhazikitsa lamulo / ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimene zilipo. Mukhoza kuyandikira nkhani yanu ya lamulo momvekera bwino ndiponso motsimikiza. Kaya ndinu munthu wofuna thandizo kapena woimbidwa mlandu woteteza ufulu wanu, kudziŵidwa ndiko chida champhamvu koposa chimene muli nacho.