Chiyambukiro cha Chigwirizano cha Chiŵeniŵeni: Mmene Maulamuliro a Magulu Adzakhudzira

Chigwirizano cha nzika chimaimira chitaganya chachikulu cha magulu ndi mayanjano oyendetsa zinthu kunja kwa ulamuliro wa boma ndi mbali yaumwini. Maguluwa . Awa akuchokera ku mayanjano akwawo ndi ku mabungwe aakulu a mitundu yonse omwe sali a boma ndi nzika. Chiyambukiro chawo pa kulamulira ndi nzika. Chiyambukiro chawo ndicho chachikulu, malamulo oumba, kuchititsa maulamuliro kukhala ndi mlandu, ndi kuchirikiza kugawana kwa demokrase. Nkhaniyi imapereka kusanthula kozama kwa mmene magulu a anthu a m’dziko amalamulira, kupenda njira zawo zoyenderana ndi zochitika za m'mbiri yakale ndi yamakono, ndi kupenda mavuto amene amayang'anizana nawo m'nkhani zosiyanasiyana zandale.

Kufotokoza Chiŵeniŵeni ndi Ntchito Zake

Chigwirizano cha nzika chimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabungwe olinganizidwa: magulu osakhala a boma (NGOS), mabungwe ogwirizana ndi anthu (COS), makampani a malonda, mayanjano aukatswiri, magulu a anthu odziŵa ntchito, magulu odalira chikhulupiriro, ndi magulu a anthu. Magulu ameneŵa amagwira ntchito modzifunira, kaŵirikaŵiri mosonkhezeredwa ndi makhalidwe kapena zikondwerero zofanana mmalo mwa phindu kapena ulamuliro. Ufulu wawo ndiwo thandizo lawo lalikulu, kuwalola kusuliza ntchito za boma ndi malingaliro a anthu popanda kuwakakamiza.

Ntchito zazikulu za anthu polamulira zingaikidwe m’magulu asanu:

  • Kusintha kwakukulu: [[FT:1] Amaloŵetsa zofunidwa ndi nkhaŵa za nzika m'dongosolo la ndale zadziko.
  • Kuletsa kwa polisi: Amakakamiza kaamba ka masinthidwe alamulo kapena a kayendetsedwe ka malamulo.
  • Kuyang'ana ndi kuŵerengera: Amayang'anira ntchito ya boma ndi kuvumbula ziphuphu kapena nkhanza.
  • Kupereka kothandiza: Amasunga mipata pamene makonzedwe a boma ali osakwanira.
  • Nyumba yamalikulu: Amalimbikitsa kukhulupirirana, kugwirizana, ndi pangano lachisawawa pakati pa nzika.

Maluso a Chisonkhezero: Mmene Chigwirizano cha Chiŵeniŵeni Chimalamulira

Magulu a anthu a m’mayiko ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti asonkhezere ulamuliro, kuyambira pa kugwirizana mwachindunji ndi opanga malamulo mpaka pa kusonkhanitsa udzu.

Kuphunzira ndi Kukonza Chilengedwe

Imodzi ya mbali zowoneka kwambiri za chitaganya ndiyo kulinganiza malamulo a anthu. Kufalitsa malamulo kumakhala ndi mitundu yambiri: kufufuza ndi kufalitsa mayeso a malamulo, kusonkhezera akuluakulu osankhidwa, kulinganiza ndawala za anthu onse, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zoulutsira nkhani. Mwachitsanzo, mabungwe a chilengedwe monga Nattural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) amatulutsa malipoti a sayansi amene amakhala maziko a malamulo atsopano a chilengedwe. Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino nkhani yokhudza malo okhala. Kusintha kwa nyengo monga kuchitika kwa zamwayi kwa anthu onse.

Agenda imakhazikitsa makamaka mphamvu ya kuyambika kwa malamulo. Pamene mgwirizano wa anthu usonyeza vuto lonyalanyazidwa mokhazikika monga kukana mankhwala opha majeremusi kapena chiwawa chozikidwa pa amuna ndi akazi, kungayambitse nkhani imeneyi pa malamulo, kukakamiza opanga malamulo kuyankha. Mkupiti wa Amnesty International [1] umapereka chitsanzo chowonekera bwino cha mmene kupitirizabe kwa ufulu wa anthu kungatsogolerere zidzutso kapena masinthidwe a maiko onse.

Kupenda ndi Kuŵerengera Boma

Mabungwe a boma amagwira ntchito monga oyang’anira zigaŵenga, kufufuza zochita za boma ndi kuŵerengera akuluakulu a boma. Ntchito imeneyi njaikulu makamaka m'mademokrase kumene mayeso ndi kulinganiza kulipo koma kungakhale kofooka. Mwa kuyang'anira masankho, mapepala ofunsira chidziŵitso, ndi kufufuza, CSOs imavumbula ziphuphu, kusasamala, ndi kuswa malamulo.

M'maiko ena, njira zosonyezera zachiŵeniŵeni zoyendetsera chitaganya zakhala zolinganizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kukondera kwa International Chiphuphu chagwiritsidwa ntchito mofala ndi maboma, mabizinesi, ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse kupenda utsogoleri. Mofananamo, mayanjano a boma otseguka kaŵirikaŵiri amadalira pa chitaganya cha anthu kutsimikizira kuti maboma akukwaniritsa zodzipereka zawo za kuwonekera ndi kutengamo mbali kwa anthu onse.

Kugwira Ntchito ya Anthu Ambiri Mochita Chipwirikiti

Chiŵeruzo cha boma chimachepetsa zopinga za kukhala ndi phande m'zandale. Mwakulinganiza misonkhano ya m'holo ya tauni, kupempha, ndi zipani zotsutsa, iwo amapanga mwaŵi wa nzika wamba kuti aloŵetsemo. Zimenezi nzofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa magulu otsika . Akazi, a mafuko aang'ono, anthu olumala ndi osakhoza kuchitapo kanthu pa ndale zadziko. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la Sweden Leavy Leamon Coalition, linasonkhanitsa akazi zikwi zambiri kuti afune chitetezo chalamulo cholimba, kutsogolera ku kusintha kowonjezereka m'malamulo lachiwawa chapanyumba.

Makina a manaiform akulitsa kwambiri ntchito yosonkhanitsa anthu. Makampani a zaumoyo angasonkhanitsa mofulumira kusaina, kutsutsa, ndi mawu owonjezera amene aulutsidwa ndi amwambo amanyalanyaza. Magulu a MeToo ndi kufalikira kwa nyengo padziko lonse kotsogozedwa ndi Greta Thunberg [1] sonyeza mmene anthu angagwiritsirire ntchito zipangizo zamakono kuti ayambitse chitsetsetse chisonkhezero cha dziko lonse pa maboma ndi makampani.

Ntchito Yobala Ana ndi Yothandiza

M'madera ambiri, mabungwe a boma akupereka mautumiki ofunika amene maboma amalephera kupereka thangata la zaumoyo, maphunziro, chithandizo chalamulo, ndi chithandizo cha masoka. Pamene kuli kwakuti kuperekedwa kwa ntchito kumeneku sikuli njira yachindunji ya ulamuliro, kumakulitsa chidaliro kwa anthu ndi kupatsa CSOs chidaliro pamene pambuyo pake achirikiza masinthidwe a malamulo. Ndiponso, kupereka mautumiki kumalola CSOs kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso chakuseri cha zinthu zofunika ndi malo, zimene zimalimbitsa mikangano yawo yalamulo.

Mwachitsanzo, Madokotala Opanda Borns (Médecins Sans Frontières) samangothandiza odwala m’madera olimbana ndi nkhondo komanso amafalitsa malipoti onena za kufalikira kwa zipatala, zimene zimasonkhezera lamulo lapadziko lonse la anthu. Kuphunzitsa kwa anthu amaphunziro kwa anthu achikulire kungathandize kuti boma liwonjezere ndalama zothandizira anthu achikulire, lokhala ndi chidziŵitso cha kulembetsa ndi zotsatira zake.

Kuzama Mwachindunji kwa Chiŵeniŵeni ndi Kudzilamulira

Kuwonjezera pa kusonkhezera malamulo ena, anthu a m’dziko amathandiza kwambiri kulimbikitsa mabungwe a demokalase ndi chikhalidwe chawo.

Kuimira ndi Kuika Malo Opatulika

Demokrase yoimira oimira nthaŵi zina ingachotsepo mawu ochepa kapena otsutsana. Magulu a anthu amachita monga otsutsana ndi magulu oimira magulu andale olinganizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, magulu andale monga ngati kampeni ya ufulu wachibadwidwe athandiza kwa zaka makumi ambiri kutetezera ukwati, malamulo oletsa kusagwirizana, ndi kudana ndi upandu. Zoyesayesa zawo zawongolera kwenikweni kuimira kwa ndale zadziko kwa anthu ang'onoang’ono.

Mofananamo, mabungwe a ufulu wa anthu a m’dzikolo . monga ngati Survival International system “‘ ayesetsa mwachipambano kutetezera anthu a m’dziko ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Mwa kupanga mawu oyenera kwa anthu ameneŵa, chitaganya chimatsimikizira kuti kulamulira kumasonyeza kusiyanasiyana kwa anthu.

Kumanga Likulu la Mayanjano ndi Kudalirana

Katswiri Robert Putnam ananena motchuka kuti mayanjano odzifunira amapanga “likulu la anthu" "makampani odalirika, kudalirana, ndi kugwirizana kumene kumapanga ntchito ya demokrase. Pamene nzika zigwirizana ndi gulu la makolo ndi aphunzitsi, gulu la maseŵera, kapena woyang'anira wa mnansi, zimaphunzira kugwirizana ndi ena, kuchita zigamulo za demokalase, ndi kukulitsa lingaliro la thayo la onse. Likulu limeneli la anthu limasintha kukhala losankha mowonjezereka, kufunitsitsa kwambiri kupereka misonkhoma, ndi mlingo wotsika wa katangale.

Kufufuza kwachitali kwatsimikizira kuti madera okhala ndi makampani ambiri a chitaganya akukhala ndi maboma omvera kwambiri ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa kudalira kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mabungwe opanda ndale zadziko onga mabungwe a chess kapena magulu a kulima ndi maluŵa . Mwa njira ina, amachirikiza chikhalidwe cha anthu mwa kuchirikiza kwambiri anthu (mwa zisonkhezero za msonkho, malamulo, ndi kutchuka kwa anthu) akuika ndalama pa kudzichirikiza okha kwa demokrase.

Kupanga Malo Odzisankhira

Democracy siimangonena za kuvota; ndi nkhani yokambirana kwa anthu onse za mavuto omwe alipo. M’mayiko ambiri, kugawana nkhani zongofuna kugawana. Ganizirani za m’makampani, misonkhano ya zamaphunziro, mabwalo a zamaphunziro, ndi mapulogalamu a pa Intaneti, zonsezo zimagwera pansi pa ambulera ya anthu a m’dziko. Malo ameneŵa amalola nzika kutsutsana ndi malingaliro opikisana, umboni wotsimikizira, ndi kutsata chinyengo. M'mayiko ambiri, kufufuza kochitidwa ndi zigamulo zolinganizidwa ndi anthu a m’dzikolo, zili ndi zigamu za malamulo zodziŵikizidwa ndi anthu a m'dzikolomonse zimene zakhala ndi malamulo odziŵikizidwa mwachindunji pankhani monga kugawa kapena kuwonjezereka kwa ndege.

Kufufuza za Makhoti: Chiŵeniŵeni Chikugwira Ntchito

Gulu la Ufulu Wachiŵeniŵeni ku United States

Chigawo cha Covil Rights Movement of the 1950 ndi 1960 ndi chitsanzo cha kukambirana kwamphamvu kwa kusintha kwa chitaganya cha anthu. Magulu a Grassroot monga National Association for the Advanced of Colored People (NAACP), bungwe la Southern Christian Leadership Conference Conference (SCLC), ndi ophunzira Nonligbor Coordiniting Comdination Comsement Committee Comsement Komiti (SNC) inagwiritsa ntchito msanganizo wa kutsutsa, wosamenya nkhondo, ndi kusonkhanitsa anthu kuti athetse ufulu walamulo. Atsogoleri aakulu onga Martin Luther King Jr. ndi Rosa Parks adaunjikizidwa kwambiri m'mayanjano. Chitsenderezo chawo chopitirizabe chinatsogolera ku lamulo lokhudza ufulu wa boma la 1964 ndi ufulu wa Vovial Act of 1965.

Gulu Lolimbana ndi Kuipa kwa Magazi ku South Africa

Mkati mwa South Africa, mabungwe monga African National Congress (ANC) ndi United Democratic Front (UDF) adagwira ntchito moponderezedwa kwambiri, komabe anasunga chigwirizano cha kutsutsa kwa chitaganya. Padziko lonse, mgwirizano wa NGOs, maukwati a malonda, matchalitchi, ndi magulu a ophunzira . Kuphatikizapo kuukira kwa Britain Anti-Aparadid Movement , kuchepetsa ndawala, ndi kukakamiza anthu a boma. Kuyesayesa kwapadziko lonse kumeneku kunakakamiza boma la tsankho kukhala lapatulana ndi kugwetsapo kwake mwachindunji. Kusintha ku demokrase mu 1994 kunali mbali yaikulu ya ntchito yachitukuko ya anthu.

Kumene Kunkachitikira Chilumba cha Aluya

Chipanduko cha Alab Spring cha 2010-2011 chinasonyeza mphamvu ya anthu a boma pa nkhani zauchigawenga. Ngakhale kuti magulu ambiri a boma anaphatikizidwa, mabungwe omenyera ufulu wa anthu, magulu a achinyamata, ndi maukwati a antchito anachita mbali zazikulu pokhazikitsa zitsutso [1] Nthaŵi zambiri kugwiritsira ntchito masiteshoni a zaumoyo wa anthu monga Facebook ndi Twitter kugwirizanitsa ndi kuwonjezera zofuna zawo. Ku Tunisia, anthu a m’dzikolo angatumikire monga masinthidwe ndi mphamvu pa kusintha kwa zinthu mu 2015.

Kuwononga Malo ndi Chipangano cha Paris

Chigwirizano cha dziko lonse cha anthu okhala ndi malo okhala [1] kuphatikizapo Greenpeace , Sierra Club, World Wildlife Fund, ndi magulu osaŵerengeka a maiko ndi maiko . adamanga zaka makumi ambiri a kuzindikira kwa anthu ndi kusokoneza kwa sayansi zimene zinathera pa Chikalata cha Paris cha kusintha kwa nyengo cha 2015. Mabungwe ameneŵa anakakamiza maboma kuchepetsa carbon ndipo akupitirizabe kuwachititsa kuti adziingire mlandu mwa kuyang'anira okha. Kusintha kwa nyengo kwaposachedwapa, kumene maboma a GEO akulephera kukwaniritsa zikalata za nyengo, ndi chitsanzo china cha chitaganya cha anthu ogwiritsira ntchito malamulo polamulira.

Mavuto ndi Kuwopseza Chiŵeniŵeni

M’mayiko ambiri, malo a anthu akuchepa chifukwa cha malamulo, kuponderezana kwandale, ndi kuponderezana.

Ziletso za Malamulo ndi Kuchepetsa Malo Okhala

Maboma padziko lonse akhazikitsa malamulo amene amaletsa kukhoza kwa mabungwe a boma kugwira ntchito. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo zofunika zosatsatirika, malire a ndalama, kuyang’anira ofufuza, ndi kuswa mitundu ina ya zitsutso. Malinga ndi International Center for Not-Profictive Law (ICNL) , mayiko oposa 100 akhazikitsa malamulo m’zaka khumi zomalizira amene amachepetsa ufulu wa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, ku Russia, NGOs amene amalandira ndalama za kumayiko ena ayenera kulembetsa monga “oimira a ku madera ena . , ndipo amayang'anira kwambiri malamulo a Central European University ndi mabungwe ena a anthu, ananyozedwa monga oukira ufulu wa za maphunziro.

Ziletso zimenezi sizimangofooketsa mabungwe akutiakuti komanso zimadzetsa chiyambukiro chowopsa m’chigawo chonse, nzika zolefula kupanga kapena kugwirizana ndi mayanjano.

Kupeza Zosowa ndi Kuchirikiza

CSOS ambiri amadalira pa zopereka zochokera ku maziko, opereka chithandizo padziko lonse, kapena mabungwe othandiza anthu otsala. Zimenezi zimayambitsa kusagwirizana: kuyendera ndalama ndi nthaŵi yochepa, zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi zoperekedwa, ndipo mabungwe angadalire kwambiri pa chichirikizo chakunja. M'mayiko otsika opezedwa, CSOs kaŵirikaŵiri amathera nthaŵi yochuluka kwambiri popereka ndi posimba osati pa ntchito ya pulogalamu. Kusoŵa kwa ndalama zodalirika kumawononga ndalama kwanthaŵi yaitali ndi kukumbukira zinthu.

Mabungwe ena ayesa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pothandiza anthu, powalipira anthu ooneka ngati anthu, kapena makampani. Komabe magulu ambiri ongoyang’anira zachuma, kukonza ndalama kumakhala kovuta nthaŵi zonse. Pamene kusayenda bwino kwa chuma kuchepetsa kupereka chithandizo cha anthu, ngakhalenso CSOs yoikidwa ingafunikire kuchepetsa ntchito zawo.

Kudalira Anthu ndi Kufalitsa Nkhani Zolakwika

Mabungwe a boma amapeza kuyenera kwawo kuchokera ku kudalira kwa anthu. Komabe, kukhulupirirako kungakhale kofooka. M’zochitika zina, CSOS adaimbidwa mlandu wa kukhala wosaŵerengeka padera iwo eni . Kusoŵa kuwonekera kwa ndalama zawo kapena ulamuliro. Maboma a democracy yopanda udoma kaŵirikaŵiri amachepetsa kukhulupirirana mwadala mwa kunena kuti anthu a m’chitaganya monga otsatsa malonda achilendo, apamwamba, kapena oyambitsa mavuto. Kufalikira kwa nkhani zosocheretsedwa pa Intaneti kungafooketsanso chidaliro m'mabungwe amene akugwira ntchito pa nkhani zonga katemera, kusintha kwa nyengo, kapena kusamuka kwa anthu.

Kuti anthu apewe zimenezi, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawozawo pofufuza nkhani, poulutsa nkhani, ndiponso pochita pangano ndi anthu a m’deralo.

Maulamuliro a M’dzikomo ndi Kupondereza Demokalase

Modabwitsa, CSOS ambiri amene amachirikiza ulamuliro wa democracy mkati mwa boma ali ndi madongosolo a mkati mwa boma. Mabodi angakhale odzisintha, opanga zosankha, ndi antchito opanda njira zoyendetsera zoloŵera. Kupereŵera kwa m’kati koteroko kungatsogolere ku kutengeka kwa ntchito, kutsata, kutsalira kwa chigawo, ndi kulephera. Mabungwe a anthu abwino koposa a m’chitaganya amatsanzira makhalidwe a demokrase amene amachirikiza, ndi kugamula kwachimodzi, ndi kupanga zigamu.

Kulimbikitsa Chiyambukiro cha Chiŵeniŵeni

Pozindikira kuti pali zinthu zina zimene zingachitike komanso mavuto amene angakumane nawo, pali njira zodziwira zinthuzo. (zomwe zimapezeka m’magazini ya CSOs), maboma ndiponso anthu amene amagwira nawo ntchito za m’mayiko osiyanasiyana) n’zothandiza kwambiri kuti anthu azikhala ndi mphamvu pa ulamuliro wa anthu.

Malamulo Omanga Malamulo Abwino

Mabungwe osiyanasiyana kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi mlingo wochepa. Mabungwe a boma amalola magulu kusonkhanitsa chuma, kupereka uthenga umodzi, ndi kusonkhezera kwambiri. “Malidwe a Umphaŵi”, mwachitsanzo, asonkhanitsa magulu mazana ambiri kuti apereke chithandizo cha ngongole ndi chithandizo chowonjezereka, kupambana malamulo aakulu pa mabwalo a G8. Mofananamo, mgwirizano wa mayiko kuti apange masinthidwe ukhoza kugwirizanitsa luso la magulu alamulo, magulu a akazi, ndi magulu a achichepere.

Kufufuza Zinthu Zosintha pa Makina

Ngakhale kuti zipangizo zamakono zimapereka maupandu (monga ngati kuyang’anira kapena kusatsa malonda), zimapereka mphamvu yaikulu kwa anthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono kungathandize anthu kuukira ogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono, makompyuta angakonze ochirikiza zipata mwamsanga, ndipo makompyuta angapose osunga zipata za anthu. CSOS ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito luso lakuphunzira, kbersecurity, ndi kulinganiza makompyuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma audiapozi kwathandiza anthu kugwiritsa ntchito maulamuliro opondereza, monga momwe zimaonekera ku Hong Kong m'kawa.

Kuchirikiza Malo a Malamulo

chitaganya cha nzika chiyenera kudziloŵetsa m'kugawana kaamba ka malamulo omwe amatetezera malo a boma. Izi zimaphatikizapo kukakamiza zitsimikizo za malamulo za ufulu wa kugwirizana, njira zovomerezeka zolembera, ndi chitetezo ku kuvutitsidwa. Madongosolo a mitundu yonse onga UN Human Rights Council on Business and Human Rights angachititse maziko a kutetezera malo a boma ameneŵa. Mapangano onga ngati [[FLT: 0]] Civic Space Inipecience ntchito yoyang'anira ndi kutetezera zoyenera zimenezi padziko lonse.

Kugwira Ntchito ndi Kuphunzira

Chisonkhezero cha kulamulira chogwira mtima chimafunikira zambiri kuposa kuyang'anira kwa lamulo, kulankhulana, ndi kuyang'anira ntchito. Kupereka ndalama zomangira luso [1] osati kungopereka programu yofunikira. Maprogramu ophunzitsa, madipatimenti a alangizi, ndi maulendo a kusinthana angathandize CSOs kuwongolera chipambano chawo. M'maiko ambiri, makampani a anthu ndi mabungwe autsogoleri apangidwa kukulitsa mbadwo wotsatira wa ochirikiza ufulu.

Tsogolo la Chiŵeniŵeni ndi Kulamulira

Kuyang’ana kutsogolo, kusintha kwa nyengo kudzasintha mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi ulamuliro. Kusintha kwa nyengo kudzafuna mitundu yatsopano ya kachitidwe ka zinthu ndi kulimba kwa dziko. Kuwonjezeka kwa unzika kwa foni ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu kumatanthauza kuti achinyamata ambiri azichita ndale kudzera pa Intaneti m’malo mwa zipani zamwambo. Ndipo kutsutsana kwa padziko lonse ndi demokrase . Kukwera kwa ulamuliro wa opansi ndi ulamuliro wa authorist kuyesa kulimba kwa anthu.

Komabe, mbiri imasonyeza kuti chitaganya cha anthu nchosinthasintha kwambiri. kuyambira ku gulu la oletsa zinthu kufikira ku nkhondo ya akazi, kuyambira kuyenera kwa antchito ndi kutetezera malo okhala, mobwerezabwereza chitaganya cha anthu chasonkhezera maboma kukhala odzipatula, owonekera bwino, ndi odziŵerengera mlandu. Njira ya kutsogolo siiri yopanda zopinga, koma umboni ngwachionekere: kulamulira nkolimba pamene chitaganya cha nzika chiri champhamvu ndi chodziimira.

Kumaliza

Magulu a anthu si othandizira kuyendetsa zinthu. Mwa kuyang'anira ntchito za demokrase, kuŵerengerana mlandu, kufunsira kwa anthu, ndi kutumiza utumiki, iwo amatsimikizira kuti maboma atumikire anthu mmalo mwa kuwalamulira. Pamene kuli kwakuti mavuto onga ngati malamulo oletsa, ndalama zopereŵera, ndi kulephera kudalirana kukuwopseza mphamvu zawo, kuyendetsa zinthu mogwirizana, kusintha kwa magetsi, ndi ulamuliro wa mkati mwawo kuwathandiza kugonjetsa zopinga zimenezi. Pamene maiko akuzungulira dziko lonse akuyang'anizana ndi mavuto ovuta kuyang'anizana ndi kusalingana kwa democrase . Ntchito ya chitaganya cha anthu ikudzakula kokha. A Health, yotetezeredwa, ndi kupatsidwa mphamvu si chinthu chofunikiranso kwa maufumu ena, ingakhale chinthu chotheka kuti apulumuke ndi kutukuka kwawo.