Ntchito yoponya pepala si ntchito ya boma ayi. Mu mademokrase abwino, masankho amatembenuza chifuniro cha anthu kukhala choimira, malamulo, ndi kuŵerengera. Komabe mphamvu ya Baibulo limeneli imadalira kwambiri pa metro imodzi: wovota. Ngati kutembenuka kuli kwapamwamba, maboma amasonyeza mbali yaikulu ya chitaganya; pamene ilowa pansi, mawu a osankhidwawo amakula ndi kuyenera kwa zotsatira zake zingawonongeke.

Nkhaniyi ikupereka kusanthula kokulira kwa chiyambukiro cha wovota pa demokrase, kufufuza chifukwa chake kulinga kugawanamo, chimene chimasonkhezera anthu ku mavoti (kapena kuwachotsa), zotulukapo zenizeni za dziko za pangano lochepa, ndi njira zotsimikizirika zopangira osankhidwa owonjezereka. Mwakumvetsetsa mphamvu za wovota, timatsimikiziranso chowonadi chenicheni cha demokrase: mavoti onse amaŵerengedwa mowona mtima.

Kodi N’chiyani Chimachitika Patsogolo pa Zinthu Zapamwamba?

Voter suptout imafotokozedwa kukhala peresenti ya ovota oyenerera amene amaponya chisankho m'masankho operekedwa. Ndilo chilolezo chofikirika koposa cha kugawana kwa boma mu demokrase yoimira. Zizindikiro zomveka kuti nzika zimakhulupirira dongosolo ndi kuona phindu m'kutengamo mbali; kutsika kwa chipatuko kungasonyeze kusweka, zopinga, kapena lingaliro lakuti chotulukapo chaikidwatu. Kupyola pa kupima, kutembenuka chifukwa chakuti kumasonkhezera mwachindunji amene amalamulira ndi amene zikondwerero zimaikidwa.

Kufufuza kokhazikika kumasonyeza kuti akuluakulu osankhidwa amalabadira kwambiri magulu amene amavota pamlingo wapamwamba. Pamene atengamo mbali anthu achikulire, olemera, ndi ophunzira ambiri . Kupanga mapolo kungachoke ku zosoŵa za achichepere, ndalama zochepera, ndi anthu ochepa. Mwachidule, kapangidwe ka osankhidwa ka mapangidwe a lamulo.

Thanzi la Demokalase: Chifukwa Chake Zinthu Zimasintha Kwambiri

Kuimira ndi Kulamulira

Boma losankhidwa ndi ambiri a osankhidwa ndi osankhidwa oyenerera onsewo ali ndi kuyenera kotchuka kwambiri kuposa munthu wosankhidwa ndi anthu ang'onoang'ono, osaimira. Pamene kugamula kwapamwamba, zipambano za masankho zimakhala zovuta kutsutsa monga zapamalamulo, ndipo lamulo la kulamulira nlomveka bwino. Komanso, kukana kochepa kungawonjezere zinenezo zakuti wopambanayo saimiradi anthu, kutsutsa ndi kusakhazikika kwa ndale zadziko.

Kuŵerengera ndi Kuŵerengera

Wovota wamkulu amapangitsa chisonkhezero champhamvu kwa akuluakulu osankhidwa kuchitapo kanthu mogwirizana ndi chikondwerero cha anthu. Ngati chiŵerengero chachikulu cha nzika zovota, andale zadziko amadziŵa kuti ayenera kukopa anthu ambiri kuti asunge udindo. Chitsenderezo chimenechi chingachepetse makhalidwe opotoka ndi kulimbikitsa kulolera molakwa. Maphunziro ofalitsidwa ndi Brennan Center ya Justice apeza kuti maboma okhala ndi chigamulo chachikulu amafuna kutsatsa malamulo amene amasonyeza bwino zimene anthu awo onse angakonde.

Kuchepetsa Kusintha kwa Magazi

Osankha otsika kwambiri kaŵirikaŵiri amapambanitsa chifukwa ovota amene amawonekera amakhala osankha ndi amphamvu kwambiri. Kukulitsa osankhidwa mwa kubweretsa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, ovota maganizo ochepa angatulutse masankho ndi kuchepetsa kugaŵana kwa mayiko. Mayiko amene nthaŵi zonse amasintha kwambiri monga Sweden kapena Denmark, amasonyeza kuchuluka kwa ndale ndi ulamuliro wogwirizana kwambiri.

Zochitika Zam’mbiri: Lingaliro la Dziko Lonse ndi America

Kupita ku United States

Voter potembenuka mu chisankho cha pulezidenti wa United States wakhala kumbuyo kwa mademokrase ena otukuka. M'chosankha cha 2020, pafupifupi 66% ya ovota oyenerera anaponya maloto . Chiwonjezeko chachikulu koposa m'zaka zoposa zana. Koma kuti chilekabe pafupifupi mmodzi mwa atatu oyenerera a ku America. Chisankho cha Midters nchaikula kwambiri: kutuluka mu 2018 (pambuyo pake) kunali 50%, ndipo masankhoti akumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri amatsika pansi pa 20%.

Poyerekezera, Australia amakakamiza kuvota ndipo nthaŵi zonse amaona kuvota kochitidwa mokakamiza kuposa 90%. Belgium ndi Sweden nthaŵi zonse amaposanso 85%. United States ali wowonekera pakati pa mademokrase olemera kaamba ka kutengamo mbali kwake kotsika ndi kosagwirizana, kosonkhezeredwa kwakukulukulu ndi mtolo wa kulembetsa wovota, njira zosankhira zocheperapo, ndi tsiku lapakati pa mlungu la Evolution Days.

Zitsanzo za Padziko Lonse

Padziko lonse, wovota wayamba kutsika pang’onopang’ono kuyambira m'ma 1990, mogwirizana ndi chidziŵitso cha International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Consolation (IDEA). Chikhoterero chimenechi chayambitsa nkhaŵa pakati pa a demokrase ochirikiza demokrase. Komabe mitundu ina yasintha njira yopangira mavoti awo. South Korea, mwachitsanzo, inakwera pakati pa achichepere ovota kupyolera mwa kulembetsa ndi kuvota kwaunika kwaubwenzi, kufikira 77% m'masankho aposachedwapa a pulezidenti. Phunziro nlo nlotu n’losavomereza zamakono za madongosolo awo.

Zolepheretsa Kutulutsa Mazira: Chimene Chimaletsa Anthu Kutengera Zoipa

Kumvetsa chifukwa chimene anthu sachitira mavoti n’kofunika kwambiri kuti apange njira zothetsera vutoli.

Zopinga Zomangamanga

Ku United States, chopinga chachikulu kwambiri ndicho kulembetsa kovomerezeka kwa voti. Mosiyana ndi maiko ambiri amene amalembetsa anthu, United States imaika anthu pa malo, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi nthaŵi yoikidwiratu masabata angapo kusanafike Tsiku la Chisankho. Zopinga zina zimaphatikizapo malo ofufuzira (opanga m’malo aatali), malamulo a ovota okhwima, kuchotsa anthu osankhidwa, ndi kusoŵa kwa nthaŵi yolembedwa kuti avote.

Ziyeneretso za pepala la positi ndi mawindo oyambirira ovotera zimasiyana kwambiri ndi boma, kupanga ntchito yosiyana kumene osankha ena ali ndi zopinga zazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, [[FLT: 0] Center Research yatsimikizira kuti otola m'maiko okhala ndi malamulo oletsa ambiri akusimba kukhutira kochepa ndi kuvota ndipo ali othekera kutulukira.

Zochititsa Kusintha kwa Kakhalidwe ka Zachuma ndi Ufulu wa Anthu

Mapilo ndi maphunziro adakalibe zizindikiro zamphamvu za kubwerera. Nzika zokhala ndi madigiri a koleji ndi zokhala pamwamba pa mameseji a banja pa mlingo wa 20-30 percents kuposa zija zopanda diploma ya sekondale kapena kukhala pansi pa malire a umphaŵi. [[FLT:] [FLT]] [Ufuko] unyinji ndi utundu zimachitanso mbali ina yowopsa pakati pa Odanda ndi Aspanics pamlingo wachiŵiri pa masankhotawo 30.

Zopinga Zamaganizo ndi Zosonkhezera

Ngakhale pamene zopinga zaukulu ndi zachuma zachotsedwa, osankha ambiri oyenerera amangokhala panyumba chifukwa chakuti amamva kuti mavoti awo saali ofunika, sakonda oyembekezera onse, kapena ogwiritsidwa mwala ndi dongosolo la ndale limene akuona kukhala losweka. imeneyi ndi yosuliza ingakhale kudzibwezera okha: kutsika kotsogolera ku boma loimira pang'ono, limene limakulitsa kusakhulupirira, kutsendereza kowonjezereka. Kuswa zimenezo kumafuna zonse ziŵiri kusintha kwa gulu ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe.

Zotsatirapo za Kupupuluma

Pamene anthu ambiri satenga nawo mbali, zotsatira zake zimakhala mbali iliyonse ya ulamuliro.

Mapikica Ogwira Ntchito m’Ndondomeko

Osankha apamwamba osankhidwa kwa achikulire, olemera, ndi oyera. Opanga malamulo ali ndi zisonkhezero zosumika maganizo pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri za magulu ameneŵa . Zonga ngati kutetezera chitetezo cha Mayanjano ndi kudula misonkho pa mapindu a ndalama za ndalama . Pamene kuli kwakuti maphunziro osangalatsa, zitsogozo, ndi maprogramu amene makamaka amapindulitsa achichepere kapena olandira ndalama zochepa. Chotulukapo ndicho kutengeka kwamphamvu koma kuchoka pa zikondwerero zambiri.

Kusokonekera kwa Democratic Norms

Kutsika kwa mabwalo a demokalase kungafooketsenso kuvomerezedwa kwa mabungwe a demokrase. Pamene opambana asankhidwa ndi kachigawo kakang’ono ka chiŵerengero cha anthu oyenerera [1] monga momwe zinachitikira m'magulu ambiri apakati pa Nyumba ya Malamulo ya United States kumene lamulo la kulamulira nlochepa. Kulephera kumeneku kungadzazidwe ndi mawu owopsa, ndipo anthu amatayanso chikhulupiriro chawo m’madongosolo osankhira.

Kusalingana kwa Malamulo Kokulirapo

Asayansi andale Martin Gilens ndi Benjamin Page apeza kuti zimene nzika yachikatikati imafuna sizimakhudza kwambiri zinthu zimene zimachitika ku United States, pamene anthu apamwamba pa zachuma ndi magulu a zikondwerero za anthu olinganizidwa akulamulira. Chochititsa chimodzi cha kusakhazikika kumeneku nchochepa ndipo nchosasankha. Pamene anthu ochepa asankha, chisonkhezero cha ndalama ndi kusonkhezera chimakula mogwirizana ndi chisonkhezero cha oseŵera.

Zotsatirapo Zowonjezera Mtengo

Mwamwaŵi, zaka makumi ambiri za kufufuza ndi zitsanzo za maiko onse zimasonyeza kukonzanso kowonekera kumene kungawonjezere kutengamo mbali kwa zinthu — makamaka pakati pa magulu a m’mbiri osakhalapo.

Kulemba Malo Opanga Malo Okhala

Mayiko amene amalembetsa anthu oyenerera akamagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe a boma (m., DMV) akuona kuti kukwera kwa mfundo 5-10 peresenti. AVR akuchotsa vuto lalikulu kwambiri la boma ndipo amasunga kulembetsa kolondola. Pa 2024, 202 U.S., mayiko limodzi ndi maboma a ku Columbia atenga AVR, ndipo umboni woyambirira ukusonyeza kuti imathandiza makamaka achinyamata ndi osankha.

Kuthandiza Ena

Kufutukula chisankho choyambirira, kupereka mapepala ofufuzira opimira makalata, ndi kusunga malo ofunsira akutseguka kwa maola ambiri owonjezereka. Kufufuza kuchokera ku Commission Defation kumasonyeza kuti ndi kuvota kolimba kwa nthaŵi yoyamba kuwona 3-5% tsidya lina. Colorado, limene tsopano limasunga masankho onse a maimelo, lawona kuphatikizidwa kwakukulu, makamaka m'masankho.

Tsiku la Chisankho Monga Fedi la Boma

Mayiko makumi asanu ndi atatu amapanga Tsiku la Chisankho kukhala holide ya onse. United States samachita, ndipo antchito ambiri, makamaka antchito olembedwa maola onse, akuvutika kupeza nthaŵi yosankha. Pamene kuli kwakuti kupanga tchuthi chokha sikungachotse zopinga zonse, imapereka chizindikiro champhamvu chakuti kuvota kuli malo oyamba a dziko lonse ndipo kukathandiza kuchepetsa phindu ndi kugawana.

Maphunziro a Mitengo ndi Kugwidwa kwa Anthu

Kuwongolera kwa nthaŵi yaitali kumafuna kumanga mwambo wa kuvota. Programu zimene zimaphunzitsa ophunzira a sukulu za kulembetsa ndi mavoti zasonyezedwa kukhala zowonjezereka ndi 2-4 peresenti pakati pa achichepere. Kufufuza kwa zandale kwazikidwa pa gulu kutuluka-m'masutamo (GOTV) zoyesayesa , ma foni, ndi zikumbutso za kulembera mawu ndi zina za zipangizo zothandizira. Kufufuza kofalitsidwa mu Sayensi ya za Chipolitizimu [

Kusintha kwa Dongosolo

Masinthidwe ena a mmene tingachirikizirenso kutomerana. Kuvota kwa Ranked-choice (RCV) kumachepetsa chiyambukiro cha “spoiler” ndi kupatsa ovota zosankha zatanthauzo, zimene zingawonjezere kufalikira kwa primmist ndi mafuko a kumaloko. Oregon, imene inatenga RCV pa masankho ena a kumaloko, yawona kutomera kwa mbali yachitatu ndi kugaŵidwa kwaumwini, ngakhale kuti chidziŵitso chachikulu cha dziko pa RCV chikusinthabe ziyambukiro za RCV chikuwonekerabe.

Ntchito ya Zipangizo za Umisiri ndi Zoulutsira Nkhani Zamayanjano

Zida Zogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta Zimene Zimathandiza

Luso la zopangapanga lasintha kale mmene anthu amaphunzirira za masankho. Online ovota amapezeka m'mayiko 41 ndipo afewetsa njirayi. Smartphone akupereka malo oonera, malo oonera, ndi nthaŵi zodikirira. Makampani a zamalonda ayamba kukumbutsa anthu ndi kugawana zida zimene zasonyezedwa kuti kukwera pang’onopang’ono, makamaka pakati pa achinyamata.

Kuopsa kwa Mavuto ndi Kulephera

Komabe, tekinoloji si njira yothetsera. Makampani a zasayansi angafalitsenso mbiri yoipa ya njira zovota . monga malo opatsirako olakwika kapena nthaŵi zosocheretsa zotsatsa. Masankho a 2016 ndi 2020 adagwirizanitsa magulu opanga zigamulo kuti athetse kutembenuka kwa anthu ochepa poganizira zachinyengo. Kuwonjezera apo, kugawidwa kwa manambala kumachititsa kuti anthu osapeza ndalama zambiri ndi achikulire asamapindule ndi zipangizo za pa Intaneti, zomwe zingapangitse kutse mipata yotseka. Opanga mapulogalamu a zamakono amafunika kukonzanso mapulogalamu ophunzitsa kulemba ndi kulemba ndi kulemba mawu ndi kuletsa kwambiri ofufuza pa Intaneti.

Mphamvu ya Mtengo Umodzi: Zitsanzo Zenizeni za Dziko

Okayikira amafunsa kaŵirikaŵiri kuti, “Kodi chisankho chimodzi chilidi chofunika?" Mbiri imapereka mayankho otsimikiza. M'chosankha cha pulezidenti cha 2000 U.S., George W. Bush anapambana Florida , ndi desidenti . kungopanga mavoti 537. Mafuko a boma asankhidwa ndi mipando 80 ya chigamulo chimodzi. Bungwe la sukulu ndi masankhoti a m'magawo a mzinda amagamulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi mavoti ochepa. Kwenikweni, kulephera kwa mavoti [[FLT: 0] Fairvote [1] Fairvote apezedwa kuti mipando 80 ya chigamu cha boma m'sankhoti 2020 inagamulidwa ndi mavoti aang'ono kwambiri kuposa chiŵerengero cha mavoti atatu. M'mafuko onse, m'mafuko onse ogalamu amodzi oganizidwa.

Kupyola pamafuko a munthu aliyense payekha, kutsika kwa malo akutiakuti kapena kagulu ka anthu kangasinthe lamulo lonse la mzinda kapena boma kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Chosankha cha kusasankha ndicho chivoti / /a kuti awo amene anachivomereza asonyezedwe.

Kumaliza: Kumanga Demokrase Yogwira Ntchito kwa Onse

Anthu amene ali ndi chizolowezi choyendera zinthu zapamwamba za m’dzikoli amavutika kwambiri ndi matenda a m’thupi.

Nkhani yabwino njakuti kubwerera kumbuyo sikumapeŵeka. Mwa kuchotsa zopinga za malo mwa kulembetsa kodzifunira ndi njira zovomerezeka zovotera, kusungitsa maphunziro a boma, ndi kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe chimene chimakondwerera kuvota kukhala koyenera ndi thayo, tingapange demokrase yosagawanika. Tsogolo la boma laumwini limadalira pa. Sankhani iliyonse, mawu alionse, kuvota / / kuphatikizapo kwanu /