Kuzindikira Mipando Yandale Monga Nzamba Zademokrase

Zipani za ndale zadziko ndizo zinzake za ulamuliro wa democracy yamakono. Zimasintha maganizo a anthu kukhala mapulatifomu ogwirizana, kusonkhanitsa anthu ndi kuwaphunzitsa, ndi kupereka mapepala odziŵika amene amapeputsa zosankha zandale. Popanda zipani, ndale zosankhidwa zikanakhala ngati malonda osokoneza zolinga za munthu payekha mmalo mwa dongosolo logwirizana la kupanga zosankha. Ntchito yawo imasintha kwambiri kuposa tsiku la chisankho; magulu amasintha mmene nzika zimaonera nkhani, mmene maboma amagwirira ntchito, ndi mmene mphamvu zimagawirira m’chitaganya.

Kuti munthu amvetse mmene zipani zandale zimakhudzira demokalase, ayenera kufufuza mmene zimagwirira ntchito, kusintha kwa zinthu m’mbiri, ndiponso mavuto amene zimakumana nawo m’nyengo ya kusintha kofulumira kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Ntchito za Makhola m’Madongosolo a Democratic

Zipani zandale zimachita ntchito zambiri zofunika kwambiri zimene zimachirikiza ulamuliro wa demokrase. Choyamba, zimagwirizanitsa zolinga zosiyanasiyana za nzika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zoyendetsera bwino. Makampani sangaike mavoloti atanthauzo pa nkhani iliyonse; magawo amapereka malamulo otsalira — kupanga zosankha zosavuta — zimene zimayendera limodzi ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana za kayendetsedwe ka mfundo zapamwamba za maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, kaganizidwe ka gulu pa malamulo a zachuma kamasonyeza mmene limaonera misonkho, ubwino, ndi uyang'aniro wa bizinesi, kulola ovota kukonza malo apamwamba pa nkhani zambiri popanda kuphunzira nkhani iliyonse.

Chachiwiri, zipani zimapanga mpikisano wosandutsa masankho. Pafupifupi pa democracy iliyonse, oyembekezera kulowa m'chipani, ndipo chizindikiro cha pa pa pa pa patokha chimapereka chidziŵitso chonena za khalidwe lothekera la wofunsirayo mu ofesi. Izi zimachepetsa mtengo wa zovota ndipo zimachititsa masankho kukhala omveka bwino. Kufufuza kofalitsidwa ndi Annual Review of Political Science [1] kumasonyeza kuti chizindikiritso cha gulu chidakali chimodzi cha zizindikiro zamphamvu kwambiri za khalidwe la kuvota pa democracy pa democracy yokhazikitsidwa.

Chachitatu, maphwando a anthu amene adzakhale ndi mwayi wolowa m’ndale ndiponso wotsogolera anthu, amaphunzitsa anthu ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndiponso amaphunzitsa anthu pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri.

Chachinayi, zipani zimalinganiza boma. M'madongosolo a nyumba ya malamulo, chipani cha anthu ambiri kapena mgwirizano umapanga mkulu wa ntchito, pamene kuli kwakuti gulu la pulezidenti limagwirizanitsa ndi mapangano a boma kukhazikitsa malamulo. Mabungwe amakhazikitsa chilango pakati pa mamembala awo, kutsimikizira kuti ndawalayo ikutembenuza ntchito ya lamulo. Ntchito imeneyi ya gulu ili yofunika kwambiri kuti isungidwe: osankha angafupe kapena kulanga magulu ogwirizana ozikidwa pa ntchito yawo mu ofesi.

Kwa nzika zambiri, kugwirizana ndi chipani ndiko mtundu wawo waukulu wa pangano la ndale zadziko, kupereka lingaliro la kukhala ndi mbali m’chigwirizano ndi mphamvu imene imaposa kuvota wamba.

Kusinthika kwa Zipembedzo Zandale

Kumvetsa mfundo imeneyi kumathandiza kumvetsa chifukwa chake magulu ena andale masiku ano amaoneka osiyana ndi anzawo ndiponso chifukwa chake maufumu ena a demokalase akuyesetsa kuti asungebe njira zabwino zochirikizira zipani.

Magulu Oyambirira: Kuyambira pa Zoona Kufikira pa Magulu a Anthu Ochuluka

Zipani zoyambirira za ndale zadziko zinayambika chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 ndi kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 19, poyamba monga magulu opatuka a anthu otchuka otsutsana ndi malamulo alamulo. Mu United States, Federalists ndi Democratic-Republicans anaimira masomphenya opikisana a mphamvu ya boma ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chuma. Magulu oyambirira ameneŵa analibe dongosolo la dziko, analibe mamembala okwanira, ndipo anadalira kwambiri pa madongosolo aumwini ndi kuchirikiza manyuzipepala.

Pofika pakati pa zaka za zana la1919, kuwonjezeka kwa makampani ndi kukwera kwa chuma cha maindasitale zinasintha zipani kukhala mabungwe a anthu ambirimbiri. Mwachitsanzo, Democratic Party ku United States, inamanga mameseji akwawo — "amakina a ndale zadziko" otchuka — amene anapereka ntchito, mautumiki, ndi ntchito za mayanjano posankha mavoti. Zofananazo zinawonekera ku Ulaya, kumene ochirikiza socialism ndi magulu a antchito analinganiza antchito kukhala magulu aakulu, opanga malamulo ndi manyuzipepala awo, makalabungwe, ndi magwirizano.

Nyengo ino inawonanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa madongosolo a chipani. M'maiko onga United Kingdom, zipani za Conservative ndi Liberal zinapanga nyumba zalamulo kaamba ka kusankhidwa kwa wofuna kusankhidwa, kupangidwa kwa malamulo, ndi kusungidwa kwa ndalama. [[FLT: 0] Encyclopaedia Britannica [1] imadziŵitsa kuti dongosolo lapadera la magawo aŵiri linatulukira mu Britain makamaka chifukwa cha dongosolo la chigawo chimodzi la kusanthula pulogalamu, limene limawonetsa magulu aang'ono ndi kulimbikitsa Revices kuzungulira mahatchi aŵiri aakulu.

Kusintha kwa Zamoyo kwa Makumi Aŵiri

Zaka za zana la 20 zinabweretsa masinthidwe aakulu. Kukwera kwa mawailesi, makamaka wailesi yakanema, kunasintha maganizo kuchokera ku anthu oyendetsa udzu olinganiza kukhala ampikisano wa zithunzi. Mapalishoni anakhala otchuka kwambiri, atsogoleri adziko akumalamulira kutumizirana mauthenga ndi kutumiza ndalama. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kuchepa kwa mayanjano amwambo — kagulu, chipembedzo, utundu — kunafooketsa kugwirizana pakati pa magulu ndi mamembala awo.

M'mademokrase ambiri, mamembala a chipani anatsika kwambiri pambuyo pa ma 1960. Nzika zinayamba kusafuna kugwirizana ndi mapwando, kupita ku misonkhano, kapena kuvomerezana kwambiri ndi dzina lapadera. Komabe zipanizozo zinasintha, kukhala zodziŵa bwino ndi zogwiritsa ntchito. Lerolino zipani zimadalira pa mapepala opanga voti, kutsatsa malonda, ndi kutsatsa malonda a anthu m’malo mwa kutsatsa malonda ndi macheza apakhomo ndi pa khomo.

Kuyerekezera kuvumbula kusiyana kwakukulu m'chipani cha chisinthiko. M'madongosolo ambiri onga a Jeremani, Italy, ndi India, magawo kaŵirikaŵiri apanga maboma ogwirizana, ofuna kukambirana ndi kulolera kuti madongosolo aŵiri nthaŵi zina alibe. Mosiyana ndi . Mayiko onga Japan ndi Mexico aona magulu aakulu atasiya kugwira ntchito kwawo pambuyo pa zaka makumi ambiri za lamulo limodzi, kutsogolera ku nyengo za kuthamanga ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu.

Njira za Chipani Chamakono Padziko Lonse

Asayansi andale amasiyanitsa magulu a zipani zosiyanasiyana.

  • Madongosolo a kagulu kamodzi, kumene chipani chimodzi chimalamulira pafupifupi zonse pa boma ndi chitaganya cha anthu. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo China (pansi pa Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha China) ndi North Korea. Pamene kuli kwakuti madongosolo ameneŵa alibe mpikisano wa demokrase, kaŵirikaŵiri amasunga zigwirizano zapamwamba zosonkhanitsira anthu ambiri ndi kusonkhanitsa anthu apamwamba.
  • [[FLT :0] Madongosolo a chigawo chachifatse, kumene kuli zipani zambiri koma chipani chimodzi chipambana zisankho kwa nyengo zambiri. African National Congress (ANC) inalamulira kwa zaka makumi atatu pambuyo pa tsankho, ngakhale kuti masankho aposachedwapa achotsa mphamvu yake. Anthu a Singapore achita ntchito yapamwamba ya partition sumasintha gulu lalikulu limene limasunga lamulo mwa kuyendetsa bwino chuma ndi kuyendetsa bwino mpikisano wa masankhoswe.
  • Madongosolo aŵiri a mbali ziŵiri [[FLT :1], opezeka ku United States, United Kingdom, ndi maiko ena angapo. Magulu aŵiri aakulu amasinthana mphamvu, pamene kuli kwakuti anthu aang'ono sapambana mipando yokwanira kulamulira. Otsutsa amanena kuti madongosolo otero amachepetsa kusankha ndi kutsendereza malingaliro ena, pamene ochirikiza amawona kuti amapanga maboma osasunthika, a gawo limodzi okhala ndi mlandu wowonekera bwino.
  • Madongosolo a chitukuko ali ofala m'mademokrase oimira mademokrase otsata molingana. Mayiko onga Germany, Sweden, ndi Netherlands ali ndi magulu ambiri oimira malingaliro ndi zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana. Mapangano ndi oyenera, ofuna kuti anthu agwirizane ndi kulolera molakwa. Zimenezi zingayambitse zotsatira zambiri zoimira mademokrase komanso zikhoza kusokoneza ngati mgwirizano sugwirizana.

Chiyambukiro pa Ulamuliro Wademokrase

Magulu andale zadziko amayambukira mbali iriyonse ya kulamulira kwa demokrase, kuyambira pa mtundu wa kuimira kufikira ku kuyendetsa bwino malamulo. Chiyambukiro chawo sichiri chotsimikizirika mofanana kapena choipa; chimadalira pa kulinganiza, chikhalidwe cha zipani, ndi mkhalidwe wa mayanjano.

Kuletsa Kutengamo Mbali ndi Kuimira Ndale

Mapato amapereka njira yosavuta kwambiri kwa anthu wamba kuti asonkhezere ndale. Mwa kulowa chipani, kulowa masankho, kapena kupereka, anthu angaumbe pulatifomu ya chipani ndi sileti yoonera anthu osankhidwa. Partiprime , yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku United States ndi mayiko ena angapo, imalola anthu ovota kusankha mwachindunji manyuneya a chipani chawo, kuwonjezera kuloŵerera m’mafakitale a udzu.

Mabungwe amatsimikiziranso kuti magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu akukhala oyenerera. M'mademokrase ambiri, mpambo wa mademokrase umaphatikizapo magawo a akazi, mafuko aang'ono, kapena oimira madera. Mwachitsanzo, German Social Democratic Party (SPD) yakhala ndi ufulu wa mwamuna ndi mkazi kwa osankhidwa, ndipo Indiya National Congress yasunga mipando ya magulu a anthu otsika. Kufufuza kuchokera ku [FLT:] American Political Science Review [[[FLT: 1]] imasonyeza kuti chipani champhamvu choimira anthu ovota ndi otchuka, chidziŵitso chandale, ndi chisamaliro cha anthu onse.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Mfundo za M’dziko ndi Kulamulira

Parties imamasulira malamulo osankhidwa kukhala lamulo la konkire. Pamene chipani chapambana, pulatifomu yake ya chisankho imakhala pulani ya kachitidwe ka boma. M'madongosolo a nyumba ya malamulo, mapulogalamu a chipanicho kaŵirikaŵiri amatumikira monga pangano logwirizana ndi ovota, ndipo kulakwa kwawo kungalangidwe pa chisankho chotsatira.

Kukhazikitsa malamulo mkati mwa maphwando kumaphatikizapo makambitsirano a mkati, kukambitsirana kwaukatswiri, ndi kukambitsirana ndi magulu achifuniro. Magawo m'boma ayenera kulinganiza kuyera kwa malingaliro ndi kuyang’anira kothandiza, kaŵirikaŵiri kutsogolera ku kulolera kumene kumasokoneza ochirikiza ufulu koma kupanga malamulo ogwira ntchito. Kusintha kwa malamulo kumapindula ndi chilango cha paphwando, chimene chimatsimikizira kuti ngongole zikudutsa m’nyumba ya malamulo popanda kupanduka kosalekeza, kutheketsa kachitidwe ka boma kogwira mtima.

Komabe, kukhudzana ndi malamulo kungakhalenso kosokoneza. Kukambitsirana kwa chipani, kuchirikiza ndalama kwa opereka ndalama kwa kampani, ndi chisonkhezero cha anthu apamwamba a chipani kungatulutse malamulo amene amapindulitsa anthu a m’kati mwawo mmalo mwa anthu onse. Ntchito yomakula ya ndalama m'ndale zadziko — ma PCs aakulu, zopereka zosadziŵika, ndi kusonkhezera — zikuwopseza kusokoneza zinthu zofunika m'chipani, chitokoso chofotokozedwa m’tsatanetsatane pansipa.

Kuŵerengera ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Makina Oonetsa Zinthu Mowonekera

Zipani za ndale zadziko ndizo magalimoto aakulu oŵerengera akuluakulu osankhidwa mlandu. Voters amapenda magulu onse pamodzi: ngati chuma sichichita bwino kapena ngati pabuka chochititsa manyazi, chipani cha ulamuliro chimavutika pa kufufuzako. Kusankha kobwerera m’mbuyo kumeneku kumapanga zipani kuti zipereke zotulukapo ndi kupeŵa makhalidwe oipa osayenera.

Njira zachipani cha pakati pawo zimachirikizanso kuŵerengera mlandu. Atsogoleri a gulu angalangize ziŵalo zimene zimagaŵikana, ndipo zovuta zazikulu zimalola ovota kuchotsa opatula pa malamulo a zipani. M'maiko okhala ndi magulu amphamvu, monga ngati Liberal Democrat kapena Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party, magulu a mkati amapereka mayeso a utsogoleri ndi kutsimikizira kuti malingaliro osiyanasiyana amvedwa.

Kuona padera, ngakhale kuli tero, kulibe vuto lopitirizabe. Ndalama za pagulu kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala zosawoneka bwino, ndi zopereka za makampani, zopereka za maiko akunja, ndi "ndalama zobisika" zoyenda ku mabungwe a zidutswa. Lipoti la 2021 lolembedwa ndi . lapezedwa kuti malamulo a za ndawala olephera m'mademokrase ambiri amawononga chidaliro cha anthu mwa makampani ambiri ndi kusonkhezera chiphuphu. Kulimbikitsa ziyeneretso ndi zopereka zopereka ndizo zofunika zofunika zofunika kusungitsa umphumphu wa demokrase yozikidwa pa chipani.

Mavuto Amene Zipani Zandale Zamakono Zikukumana Nawo

Ngakhale kuti zipani zandale zili ndi mbali yaikulu, lerolino zimayang’anizana ndi zitokoso zazikulu zimene zimafooketsa kupambana kwawo ndi kuyenerera.

Kusintha kwa Ndale ndi Kutsekereza

Kusintha kwakula m'mademokrase ambiri, makamaka United States. Mapalishoni asintha kwambiri maganizo, ndipo ali ndi anthu ochepa ofunitsitsa kudutsana. Chikhotererochi chimasonkhezeredwa ndi zinthu zingapo: kusankha malo, kumene anthu amakhala pakati pa anansi ogwirizana; manyuzipepala otulutsa maganizo amene amachirikiza zikhulupiriro zomwe zilipo; ndi masankho aakulu amene amasonkhezera oyembekezera kukhala ndi malo opambanitsa.

Zotsatira za kugaŵanitsidwa kwa dziko ndi zowopsa. Malamulo amaletsa kachitidwe kotsendereza pa nkhani zonga kusintha kwa nyengo, maziko, ndi kusintha kwa zaumoyo. Mphamvu yauyang'anira imakula monga mapresidenti ndi nduna zazikulu zopatuka ndi mabungwe mwa malamulo a akuluakulu. Kudalira boma kumagwada, ndipo nzika zimasuliza demokrase yeniyeniyo. Kufufuza kwa Pachigwirizano cha Aamereka okhala ndi lingaliro loipa la gulu lotsutsa lakhala ndi kaŵiri kuyambira m'ma 1990, kusonyeza chidani chachikulu cha malingaliro m’malo mwa kutsutsana ndi lamulo wamba.

Kutaya Mtima ndi Kuwadalira

Anthu ambiri amaona kuti zipani zandale sizingaimire zimenezi.

Maphwando a makampani otsutsa kukhazikitsidwa ndi magulu otsutsa kusokonezeka kumeneku atchuka pa kugwiritsidwa mwala. Ku Ulaya, magawo onga ngati National Rally ya France, Chigwirizano cha Jeremani cha Five Star Movement chapeza chiwonjezeko mwa kudziika iwo eni kukhala monga akunja otokosa gulu la ndale zadziko loipa. Pamene kuli kwakuti magulu ameneŵa angaloŵetse malingaliro atsopano m'dongosololi, iwo nthaŵi zina amaluluza malamulo a demokrase mwakuukira mabungwe ndi kufalitsa zonama.

Kukhudza Ndalama m’Ndale

Malipiro a kampeni akwera kwambiri padziko lonse, kukakamiza magulu a anthu olemera opereka ndalama, makampani, ndi magulu achiwongola dzanja. Ku United States, Chigawo cha Supreme Court United (200) chinatsegula khomo la kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zaufulu zosamalipilira ku makampani ndi mabungwe, zomwe zinayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kusatsa malonda kwa ndale. Masankho a ku United States anakwera pafupifupi $14 biliyoni, kuwirikiza kaŵiri chiŵerengero cha 2016.

Kuchuluka kwa ndalama m'ndale kumayambitsa mavuto angapo. Opereka ndalama zambiri amayembekezera kuti anthu apezerepo ndi kuwakomera, ndipo amatero kuti apeze anthu olemera. Anthu amene sapeza njira zopezera ndalama zopitira ku makampani olemera, kuchepetsa anthu amene angafune kulowa m’ndale. Osankhawo akazindikira kuti masankho akugulidwa m’malo mowakopa, amalephera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera.

Kusintha kuli kotheka koma kovuta m'zandale. Ndawala za anthu, monga momwe zimachitidwira m'maiko onga Germany ndi Sweden, zimachepetsa kudalira ndalama zaumwini. Ziyeso za kupereka ndi kuvumbula, zochirikizidwa ndi mabungwe odziimira, zingaletse nkhanza zoipitsitsa. Mabungwe a mitundu yonse onga International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assimpliation (IDA) ndi kupereka chithandizo ku maiko ofuna kusintha malamulo awo a za ndale zadziko.

Mtsogolo mwa Mapwando Andale m’Dziko Losintha

Masinthidwe a demographic, kusokonezeka kwa luso la zopangapanga, ndi kusokonezeka kwa makhalidwe a anthu kudzakakamiza zipani za ndale zadziko kusinthira kapena kululuza ngozi. Magulu amene adzakula m’zaka makumi akudzawo adzakhala awo amene adzalandira kusinthako pamene ali okhazikika m’ntchito zawo za demokrase.

Kutengera Kachipangizo Katsopano ndi Kachipangizo Kosiyanasiyana

Mibadwo ya achichepere — Millennials ndi Generation Z — njosiyana kwambiri, yosakonda zaumulungu, ndipo yokayikira kwambiri mabungwe amwambo kuposa imene inayamba. Iwo alinso nzika za foni zimene zimayembekezera chitokoso pa Intaneti. Madanga ayenera kupanga zipangizo zamakono zopangira makompyuta, kuchokera ku ma apps otumizira ovota kufikira ku mikupiti ya manyuzipepala a manyuzikusiti amene amamveka kwa achichepere.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mapwando amayang'anizana ndi vuto la kulimbana ndi mfundo zabodza ndi kusagwirizana. Mapulogalamu a manyuzipepala a makampani angakulitse nkhani zabodza, kufesa magawo, ndi kufooketsa chidaliro m'zosankha. Mathirakiti ayenera kuphatikizapo kupenda, kuonekera, ndi luso la makompyuta kuti atetezere nkhani za democracy.

Kusintha kwa mbiri ya anthu kumatanthauzanso kuti maphwando afunikira kusonyeza kusiyana kwa kusankhidwa. Kuimira akazi, mafuko ang'onoang'ono, ndi LGBTQ+ anthu a utsogoleri wa chipani ndi zikalata za anthu osankhidwa sikuli kokha nkhani ya chilungamo; kumakhudza kukhulupirika kwa chipani ndi kuchonderera kwa osankhidwa. Mabungwe amene amalephera kusiyanitsa ndi mbali zina zomakula za osankhidwawo.

Kugwirizana Kolimbikitsa ndi Kutengamo Mbali

Kuti akonzenso kudalirana ndi kubwezera kuchepa kwa ziŵalo, mamembala ayenera kukhala omasuka ndi ophatikizapo. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuchepetsa zopinga kuti aloŵere ziŵalo wamba, kupatsa nthambi za kumaloko mphamvu, ndi kulola kuti anthu azichita nawo mwatanthauzo malamulo ndi kusankha anthu ofuna kuloŵa m'gulu.

Magulu ena ayesa njira zatsopano. Podemos ya ku Spain imagwiritsa ntchito malo a pa Intaneti kumene mamembala ake amavotera mwachindunji pa zosankha zazikulu. Chipani cha Liberal cha Canada chimachita mayeso a pa Intaneti kuti chiyambitse pulatifomu yake ya 2019, kukopa makumi zikwi za malangizo. Kufufuza kumeneku kukusonyeza kuti luso la zopangapanga lingakhoze kukhala ndi phande lozama, osati kungolemba nkhani zapamwamba.

Kulimbitsa Democratic Norms ndi Kukambitsirana kwa Pamtanda

Pomalizira pake, kuchirikiza demokalase ya chipani kumadalira pa kugwirizana kwa malamulo a demokalase: kulemekeza zotulukapo za voti, kulekerera chitsutso, kulamulira kowona mtima, ndi kutumiza ulamuliro mwamtendere.

Kukambitsirana kwapadera, monga Inter- Party Dialogue ku Kenya kapena National Conference ku Scotland, kumapereka mapulogalamu kwa andale zadziko kuchokera ku zipani zosiyanasiyana kukambitsirana nkhani za mkangano popanda chitsenderezo cha mpikisano wa sankho. Masinthidwe a makampani, monga ngati makomiti odziimira okha ndi kuimira kwa mlingo woyenerera, angachepetse zisonkhezero zopototsa zimene zimatulutsa mafuta.

Anthu okhala m’dzikolo amafunikanso kuchita nawo zikondwerero, kupita ku misonkhano ya m’dera lawo, ndi kuvota pasukulu ya anthu ongoyamba kumene.

Kumaliza

Zipani za ndale zadziko zidakali zofunika kwambiri kuti zilamulire ndi demokrase. Zimapanga masankho, kulinganiza boma, kukwaniritsa zolinga zosiyanasiyana, ndi kuŵerengera. Koma zipambano zawo zimadalira pa kusintha ndi kusintha kosalekeza. Mavuto a kutha kwa dziko, kugwiritsidwa mwala, kugwiritsidwa mwala, ndi ndalama m’ndale ndi oopsa kwambiri. Mwakutsatira kulimba kwa maluso a zamakono kuti munthu atengemo mbali yeniyeni, ndi kugonjera ku malamulo a demokrase, mabungwe angayambitsenso mbali yawo yofunika kwambiri pokonza demokrase kwa mibadwo ikudza. Chingalawacho — chogwirizana ndi chigwirizano chofunika kwambiri kukonzanso chipani. Democracyism imafunikira zigawa zamphamvu ndi otchuka, odzisankhira.