Pangano la Zachiwawa la ku Belfast mu 1998 (kutchedwa Chipangano Chabwino pa Lachisanu) mofala kutchedwa kuti Chipangano Chabwino , chinaimira nyengo ya kusintha kwa mbiri m'mbiri ya Northern Ireland . Pamene kuli kwakuti zolinga zake zazikulu zinali kukhazikika kwa ndale zadziko ndi kutha kwa chiwawa cha magulu a zipani, akatswiri ake anazindikira kuti mtendere wokhalitsa unafuna kukhazikitsa maziko a anthu ogaŵanika. Madera ochepa anali oimira magaŵano ameneŵa, kapena ovuta kwambiri ku kuyanjana kwa nthaŵi yaitali, monga dongosolo la maphunziro. Pambuyo pa 1998, masukulu ku Northern Ireland anatengera kwambiri zitsutso zachipembedzo ndi zandale. Pachisanu Aprogreemental Reformation , kutsutsa mwachindunji kulingana kwa mfundo za kulingana, ulemu, ndi ufulu wa anthu kuyang'anira chigawo. Nkhaniyi imapenda mmene mapulogalamu a kukonzanso, kugwirizanitsa, kugwirizanitsa maphunziro, kugwirizanitsa, kugwirizanitsa ndi kutchuka kwa chikhalidwe, pamenenso kuli kovuta.

Kugaŵanika kwa Maphunziro Kusanafike 1998

Kuti timvetsetse chiyambukiro cha Chipangano Chabwino Lachisanu, kuli kofunika kuyamikira mkhalidwe wa tsankho wa sukulu za Northern Ireland mkati mwa Mavuto. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, dongosolo la maphunziro linagawikana kwakukulukulu ndi mzera wampatuko:

  • Sukulu zolamuliridwa : [[FLT :1] Olamuliridwa ndi boma kupyolera mwa Authority Education Authority, masukulu ameneŵa anapitirapo mokulira kwa ophunzira Achiprotesitanti . Masukulu akale anatchedwa "Masukulu a Protestente"
  • Sukulu zosungidwa: Pansi pa kuyang’anira Tchalitchi cha Katolika, sukulu zimenezi zinasamalira pafupifupi anthu Achikatolika okha.
  • Sukulu zodziimira: Masukulu aang'ono koma aakulu omwe anali kunja kwa dongosolo la boma, kuphatikizapo mbali yaing'ono ya kugwirizana imene inayamba kuwonekera m'ma 1980.

Kugaŵana kwa ana ambiri panthaŵiyi kunatanthauza kuti ana ambiri anakula ndi kugwirizana kosakwanira ndi anzawo ochokera ku mbali ina. Maphunziro kaŵirikaŵiri anasonyeza kugaŵana kumeneku. Chiphunzitso cha mbiri yakale, makamaka, chinali cha mkangano kwambiri, ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana za zochitika zomwe zinaphunzitsidwa m'masukulu osiyanasiyana. Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro pa nthaŵiyo inayesetsa kuyambitsa nkhani zotsatizana ndi sukulu. Chikalata cha Good Reformation for Mutualganity (EMU) ndi Chuma cha Makhalidwe, koma njira zimenezi sizinali zongotsendedwa m’masukulu. Dongolo silinapangidwe kuti lichiritse magaŵano; chinali chotulukapo chake. Chikalata cha Lachisanu chinafuna kusintha zimenezi mwa kupanga dongosolo la ndale zadziko ndi la kakhalidwe limene linachirikiza kwambiri kuyanjanitsana.

Chipangano Chabwino Lachisanu: Chiphunzitso cha Malamulo cha Kusintha

Chipangano, chomwe chinali ndi dzina la "Chikalata cha maphunziro cha Belfast," sichinali chikalata chatsatanetsatane cha maphunziro, koma chinakhazikitsa mfundo zofunika zimene zingachititse kusintha. Zina mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri zinaphatikizapo:

  • Mphamvu yolamulira Boma: Kupangidwa kwa boma logwirizana kokakamiza kunatanthauza kuti ponse paŵiri atsogoleri a mgwirizano ndi autundu anali ndi thayo limodzi kaamba ka Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro.
  • Ufulu wa Anthu ndi kusalingana: Chipangano chinatsogolera ku kukhazikitsidwa kwa Commission ya Chisanza ya Northern Ireland ndi Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission . Zimenezi zinaika ntchito yalamulo pa akuluakulu a boma, kuphatikizapo sukulu, kuchirikiza kulingana kwa mwaŵi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuzindikira Kulemekeza: Malamulo ameneŵa anadziŵikitsa bwino lomwe kuyenera kwa ponse paŵiri British ndi Irish ndi chikhalidwe, kutsegulira njira ya kuzindikira kwambiri chinenero cha Irish ndi Ulster-Scots m'makonzedwe a maphunziro.
  • Cross-Border Agwirizana: Msonkhano wa Kumpoto / South Guide Council unathandiza kugwirizana pakati pa Northern Ireland ndi Republic of Ireland, kuphatikizapo m'maphunziro.
Chifutukuko cha kuyanjanitsa, kulolerana, kukhulupirirana, ndi chitetezero ndi kulemekezedwa kwa ufulu wa anthu onse, ndicho cholinga chachikulu cha panganolo.

Mfundo imeneyi inasintha maganizo a anthu opanga malamulo a zamaphunziro, n’kuyamba kukonza tsogolo limodzi.

Kusintha kwa Maphunziro: Kukhala Nzika ndi Kugwirizananso

Chimodzi cha ziyambukiro zachindunji kwambiri za Chipangano Chabwino pasukulu chinali kukonzedwanso kwa Northern Ireland Curriculum . Maphunziro omwe analipo pa programu ya Kumvetsetsa, pamene kuli kwakuti analingalira bwino, kukhala osamveka bwino ndi osoŵa zotulukapo zosapeŵeka. Mgwirizano wa ndale zadziko unapereka chisonkhezero cha kufalikira kopambanitsa.

Kuyamba kwa Unzika Wakumeneko ndi wa Padziko Lonse

Mu 2003, pambuyo pa kupenda kwakukulu, Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro inayambitsa malo a dziko ndi dziko lapansi monga mutu wa malamulo wa ophunzira onse pa Key Stage 3 (majini 11 - 14). Iyi inali chotulukapo chachindunji cha dongosolo la mtendere. Maphunzirowo cholinga chake chinali kukonzekeretsa achichepere ndi chidziŵitso, maluso, ndi makhalidwe kuti atengemo mbali mwachipambano m'chitaganya cha demokrase. Mitu yaikulu imaphatikizapo:

  • Ufulu wa anthu ndi udindo wawo.
  • Ntchito ya boma ndi mabungwe a demokalase (kuphatikizapo Msonkhano wa ku Northern Ireland umene unakhazikitsidwa ndi pangano la Chipangano).
  • Anthu ambiri akukhala m’gulu la anthu osiyanasiyana.
  • Chigamulo chotsutsana ndi kumanga mtendere.

Mosiyana ndi EMU, nzika inali nkhani yodziimira ndi malamulo ake, miyezo yake yoyendera, ndi maphunziro operekedwa a mphunzitsi. Ilo linaimira kusintha kwakukulu kuchoka pa chitsanzo cha kulolera mokhazika mtima pansi kunka kulonjezana mwachangu ndi makhalidwe ofunika ochirikiza Chipanganocho.

Kuphunzitsa Nkhani Zochititsa Mkangano

Chigwirizano chinakhudzanso mmene mbiri inaphunzitsidwira. "Mbiri yakale" idakali mbali yovuta kwambiri kwa aphunzitsi. Maphunzirowo tsopano amalimbikitsa ophunzira kufufuza mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana a mbiri ndi kukulitsa maluso ofufuza. Njira si kufalitsa nkhani imodzi ndi kumvetsetsa kwambiri mmene mbiri imapangidwira ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito. Programme monga Kusamalira mwa Kukumbukira ntchito ndi ntchito ya Nerve Centre yapanga zipangizo zimene zimalola ophunzira kuchita ndi mavuto m’njira yotetezereka ndi yoyenerera, mmalo mwa kupeŵa mutu wankhani.

Maphunziro Oletsedwa: Kuchoka Pamizu Yapamwamba Kufikira Pakukhazikitsa Malamulo a Boma

Chikalata cha Good Lachisanu Agreement chinachirikiza kwambiri gulu la zandale ndi la malamulo a maphunziro ogwirizana. Pamene sukulu yoyamba yogwirizana, Lagan College, inatsegulidwa mu 1981, gululo linapitirizabe kutsatiridwa ndi anthu ochepa kufikira 1998 Agreement.

Ntchito Yochirikiza Kukwera M’gulu

Chigogomezero cha Active pa kuyanjanitsa chinatsogolera ku kusintha kwakukulu kwa malamulo. Gulu la Education Reformation (Northern Ireland) 1989 linali litaphatikizapo ntchito pa Dipatimenti ya "kulimbikitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa" maphunziro. Chikalata cha Good Lachisanu chinalimbikitsa pangano limeneli, ndipo lamulo linatsatira mu 2006 linalimbitsanso ntchito. Northern Ireland Council for Integrated Education (NICIE) imachita ntchito monga bungwe logwirizanitsa, likuchirikiza masukulu ndi magulu onse aŵiri ogwirizana omwe alipo ndi makolo ofuna kukhazikitsa atsopano.

Kukula ndi Chiyambukiro cha Mpatuko Wotchuka

Kufikira chaka cha maphunziro cha 2023 / 24, pali sukulu 71 zogwirizana ku Northern Ireland, kuphunzitsa pafupifupi 7 8% ya chiŵerengero cha ophunzira. Pamene kuli kwakuti chiŵerengero chimenechi chidakali chotsika pochiyerekezera ndi magulu olamuliridwa ndi osungidwa, chisonkhezero cha maphunziro ogwirizana pa dongosolo la kufutukuka chakhala chachikulu.

  • Kugwirizana Theory in Practice: Sukulu zotchuka zimafuna kulinganiza zakudya za Akatolika, Aprotestanti, ndi ophunzira ochokera ku ziyambi zina. Zimapereka kugwirizana kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, kolinganizidwa pakati pa ana a m'midzi yosiyanasiyana, kumene kufufuza kwa kakhalidwe ka anthu (CCONT Theory) kumadziŵikitsa kukhala chiŵiya champhamvu chothetsera tsankho.
  • Wheele-School Ethos : Kusintha sikuli kokha kwa ana a . Kumaphatikizapo mapulogalamu a kusintha ndi eto amene amakondwerera kusiyana kwa mitundu, kukambirana nkhani zotsutsana poyera, ndi kulimbikitsa kugawana dzina popanda kufunikiritsa ophunzira kusiya chikhalidwe chawo.
  • Asuliri: Atsutsa kuti masukulu ogwirizana angapeŵe nthaŵi zina kuchita ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ndale zadziko ndi chipembedzo kuyanja madera aunyinji, "utali" mwambo. Palinso mavuto a zauchigaŵenga, kuphatikizapo "lamulo la triams" limene limafunikira sukulu kukhala ndi pafupifupi 10% ya anthu ochepa kuti idziŵike mwalamulo monga yogwirizana, imene ingakhale yovuta kwambiri m'madera opangika. Khomo ndi kuyang'anira madera omwe alipo kuchepetsa kukula.

Programu ya Maphunziro Yogaŵana: Kukonza Ntchito pa Kulinganiza

Pamene kuli kwakuti maphunziro ogwirizana akuimira kugwirizanitsa ophunzira a chiyambi chosiyana, kachitidwe kofanana kotchedwa [[FLT: 0] Maphunziro Ogwirizanitsidwa [[FLT: 1] kawonekera monga njira yolamulira. Kuteroko kumachititsa ophunzira m'masukulu osiyanasiyana kukumana pamodzi kaamba ka maphunziro ndi ntchito zofanana, popanda sukulu zenizenizo kugwirizanitsa.

Kugaŵanika kwa Mtendere ndi Kupereka Ndalama ku EU

Programu ya Maphunziro Ogaŵana inachirikizidwa kwambiri ndi maprogramu a EU a Peter IV ndi INTERREG, zimene zinapereka ndalama zokwanira. Cholinga nchakuti ngati sukulu ya Katolika ndi sukulu ya Chiprotesitanti sizingagwirizane, iwo angagwirizane. Pupilial amayendera limodzi masukulu kukaphunzira nkhani monga sewero, Nyimbo, Technology, kapena kukachita nawo ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'chitaganya.

Khoti la Kugaŵana Maphunziro pa Yunivesite ya Queen's Belfast yakhala yothandiza kukulitsa ndi kupenda chitsanzo chimenechi. Kufufuza kumasonyeza kuti maphunziro amodzi angawongolere zotulukapo za maphunziro, kukulitsa maubwenzi otsalira, ndi kuchepetsa tsankho, kaŵirikaŵiri kukumana ndi chitsutso chochepera kuchokera kwa makolo ndi maulamuliro a tchalitchi kuposa kugwirizanitsa kwa mabungwe onse.

Zofunika Kuyamba ndi Kusuliza

Programu ya Maphunziro yogaŵana yakhala maziko a mfundo za Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro pansi pa "Togeter: Kumanga United Community" njira. Komabe, yayang'anizana ndi chisulizo. Ena amatsutsa kuti ingakhale mtundu wa "kugwirizanitsa kopatulidwa," kumene ana amakumana ndi mapwando koma amabwereranso kusukulu zawo zoletsedwa kuti aphunzire mwaukatswiri. Pali ngozi imene maphunziro ogaŵana amakhala "kumatirira pulasitala" imene imapangitsa njira yapatulapo kukhala yabwino, mmalo motsutsa moyo wake wofunika kwambiri. Mafilimu ogwira ntchito limodzi amaphatikizapo, kugwirizana kwapamwamba m’malo mwa kulankhulana ndi kuyang'ana.

Chinenero ndi Chizindikiritso m’Chiphunzitso

Chipangano Chabwino Lachisanu chivomerezo chotsimikizirika cha kusiyanasiyana kwa zinenero chinakhudza mwachindunji makonzedwe a maphunziro. Chipanganocho chinati:

"Onse amene alipo amazindikira kufunika kwa ulemu, kuzindikira ndi kulolerana ndi zinenero zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Northern Ireland, chilankhulo cha Irish ndi Ulster-Scot .

Maphunziro a Chinenero cha ku Ireland

Kuzindikira kumeneku kunathandiza kwambiri Kuphunzitsa kwa Chikatikati (IME) . Pamene kuli kwakuti sukulu zachiairishi (Gaelscoileana) zinalipo kuyambira kumayambiriro a 1970, zinavutika kuti zipeze ndalama ndi kuzindikira. Masukulu a pa Lachisanu athandiza kwambiri kuti chigawochi chikule. Mu 1998, panali ana asukulu 2,000 ku IME; lero, pali masukulu oposa 7,000.

Commaire na Gaelscolaichta [1] adakhazikitsidwa kupititsa patsogolo ndi kuchirikiza maphunziro a ku Ireland. Msonkhano wa ku Northern Ireland, monga momwe wakhazikitsidwa ndi GFA, wakhazikitsa malamulo ochirikizanso chinenero, kuphatikizapo Chidziŵitso ndi Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022. IME siikuonedwanso monga ndemanga ya ndale koma monga chosankha chovomerezeka cha maphunziro ndi zotulukapo zamphamvu za maphunziro.

Masukulu a Ulster-Scotts

Chinenero cha Ulster-Scots ndi choloŵa chalandiranso kutchuka ndi kuchirikizidwa ndi boma kutsatira Chipangano. Ulster-Scots Agency (Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch) adalengedwa kupititsa patsogolo chinenero, chikhalidwe, ndi mbiri. Ziŵiya zapangidwa kuti sukulu zilowetse Ulster-Scots m'maphunziro, makamaka m'masukulu oyambirira. Mosiyana ndi IME, imene imagwira ntchito monga dongosolo lasukulu lofanana, Ulster-Scots imaphunzitsidwa bwino monga modekle mu makalasi apamwamba a Chingelezi kapena mbiri. Kusintha kwake kwakhala kochezeka ndi kupikisana kwa ndale, mbali yake chifukwa cha kugwirizana ndi chizindikiritso cha mgwirizano cha mgwirizano.

Maphunziro Apamwamba ndi Kulinganiza kwa Magulu Otsatizana

Bungwe la North/South Ministry Council linakhazikitsa madera amene angagwirizanitse, kuphatikizapo maphunziro. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti mayunivesite a ku Northern Ireland ndi ku Republic of Ireland azichita zinthu mogwirizana.

  • [[FLT :0] Kufufuza: Kusagwirizana konga Queen's University Belfast, Ulster University, Trinity College Dublin, ndi University College Dublin athandizana pa zofufuza zazikulu, makamaka m'madera onga ngati chigamulo cha nkhondo, thanzi la anthu, ndi mphamvu zochiritsika.
  • Kusoŵeka kwa Ophunzira: Chipangano chinapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kwa ophunzira kudutsa malire. Malo ofala a ulendo ndi kuzindikira ziyeneretso zinalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa ophunzira pakati pa Northern Ireland ndi Republic, kufutukula zokumana nazo zawo zamaphunziro.
  • North West Regional Colcation : m'chigawo cha malire, mabungwe onga North West Regional College (Dery/Londonderry) ali ndi kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi Donegal Education and Training Board and Letterkenny Institute of Technology (tsopano mbali ya Atlantic Technological University), kupanga maziko a maluso a chigawo chimodzi.

Kaunda ya Cross Bourn Studies yachita mbali yaikulu m'kujambula ndi kukonza kugwirizana kumeneku, kusonyeza mmene njira ya mtendere yapangira maphunziro otsimikizirika ndi chuma ku malire.

Mavuto Opitirizabe ndi Mtendere Wosathetsedwa

Ngakhale kuti panachitika masinthidwe aakulu ndi bungwe la Good Lachisanu Agreement, maphunziro a ku Northern Ireland adakali ogaŵanika kwambiri.

Kulimbikira kwa Ufumu

Oposa 90% a ophunzira amapitabe kusukulu zimene zili ndi munthu mmodzi (kapena Olamulidwa kapena Osungidwa). M'madera a umphaŵi waukulu, ziŵerengero zimenezi nzowopsa kwambiri. Kulekanitsidwa kwa dongosolo la kapangidwe kumatanthauza kuti ana ambiri amakhalabe ndi kugwirizana kochepa kwatanthauzo ndi awo ochokera ku ziyambi zosiyanasiyana m’zaka zawo za kuumbika. Masukulu aŵiri "masukulu" "Auyang'anira ndi sukulu Yosungidwa yotumikira tauni imodzimodziyo [1] ndi amene akutumikirabe mwachizoloŵezi.

Kulephera kwa Zandale ndi Kuletsa

Kugwa kwa Msonkhano wa ku Northern Ireland pa mfundo zosiyanasiyana kuyambira 1998 (kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mahatusi kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2020) kwachititsa kusoŵa kwa malamulo ndi kupita patsogolo. Zosankha zokhudza maphunziro, ndalama za sukulu, ndi malo okonzera zikhoza kukhala zovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mikangano yokhudza zimene zachitika m'mbiri ya maphunziro kapena chiphunzitso cha nkhani zotsutsana zingasokonezeke mwamsanga. Kusoŵa kwa mkulu wa boma kwa nthaŵi yaitali kumatanthauza kuti kulinganiza maphunziro pamodzi kumachedwa.

Zopinga Zachuma

Kusalingana kwa chikhalidwe ndi zachuma kukukhalabe nkhani yaikulu. Kusankha (mayeso 11 owonjezera), pamene kuli kwakuti sikukuchitidwanso ndi boma, kumagwirabe ntchito m'madera ambiri kudzera m'mayeso osalamuliridwa. Dongosolo limeneli limayambukira kwambiri anyamata ogwira ntchito a Protesitanti ndi Achikatolika, kaŵirikaŵiri kuchirikiza kugwirizana pakati pa kusoŵa kwa anthu ndi maphunziro otsika. Kugawidwa kwa galamala ndi masukulu apamwamba kuli kugawana pakati pa magulu ampatuko, kupangitsa zoyesayesa zomangira dongosolo logwirizana ndi loyenerera.

Kumaliza

Chikalata cha Good Lachisanu Adventive chinakhala ngati kampasi ya malamulo ndi makhalidwe kaamba ka kusintha kwa maphunziro ku Northern Ireland. Chinapereka kukhazikika kwa ndale zadziko ndi dongosolo la lamulo lofunikira kutsutsa dongosolo lopatuka kwambiri. Kuyambitsidwa kwa maphunziro ozikidwa pa ufulu, kulimba kwa maphunziro ogwirizana, kukula kwatsopano kwa maphunziro ofanana, ndi kuvomereza kwa kusiyanasiyana kwa zinenero ndiko mbali zonse za mtendere wa 1998.

Komabe, ulendo wochoka kumbuyo kutsogolo kogawikana suli wogwirizana. Maphunziro sagwirizana kwambiri kapena kugwirizanitsa kwambiri. Kupyola nkhani imeneyi kuli kusagwirizana kosalekeza pakati pa chikhumbo cha chitaganya chimodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa nyumba zimene zilipo ndi malo apadera. Sukulu ndi aphunzitsi ogwira ntchito pa kalabu ya kuyanjanitsa akupitirizabe kuyendetsa malo ovuta. Chiyambukiro cha maphunzirowo sichinathetse vuto la kugaŵanika maphunziro, koma chinapereka malamulo ofunika kwambiri, mphamvu yolamulira, ndi mtendere womveka bwino kwambiri wolamulira mibadwo yomwe imatsatira kumanga bwino, magwero owonjezera. Chiyambukiro cha maphunziro amenewo pa maphunzirowo sichili chizindikiro chothetsera ntchito, koma chinasintha.