Chiyambi: Raje Sabra monga Guardian of Federal Water Reakence

Vuto la madzi la India ndi nkhani ya kusoŵa, kusatsata, ndi kugaŵanika kwa ulamuliro. Dzikolo limakhala ndi 16% ya anthu a dziko lonse koma 4% ya chuma chake cha madzi abwino, kulekana kumene kumafuna kuloŵerera kwa boma kosamalitsa. M'nkhani ino, Rajiya Sabba, nyumba yapamwamba ya Palamente ya India, imagwira ntchito yothandiza kwambiri kukonza malamulo a dziko lapansi pa za madzi. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza mmene malamulo apadera a Sabyaha, Rajiya Sabba, amachitira ntchito yogwirizana ndi malamulo a boma, kutsimikizira kuti zinthu zenizeni za kukwera kwa madzi a India, ndi kuti zikhale zogwirizana m'dziko la United States. Nkhaniyi imapenda mmene malamulo a Savya apadera a m'dzikolo, kuchirikiza ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo apakati, kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo apamwamba a m'makwanerab, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo apamwamba kwambiri.

Kukongola kwa Madzi a ku India

Makonzedwe a Malamulo ndi Kugaŵanika kwa Maboma

Madzi ku India ndi nkhani yapanthaŵi imodzi yoloŵa mu Chigawo cha 17 cha Chigawo III (Mndandanda Wanthaŵi Yatsopano) cha Malamulo, kutanthauza zonse ziŵiri Malamulo a Chigwirizano ndi Nyumba za Malamulo angapereke malamulo. Komabe, malamulo a mitsinje ndi zigwa za m’mitsinje yapakati pa chigawo cha dziko amaloŵa 56 a Unyinji wa Union, kupereka ulamuliro weniweni pa Nyumba ya Malamulo pa mikangano yapakati ya madzi. Mabanja aŵiri ameneŵa amayambitsa mikangano yachibadwa: Amasunga ufulu wawo woluluza, pamene Centree imayenera kulinganiza kukula kwa dziko. Raja Sabba, wopangidwa ndi osankhidwa ndi misonkhano ya boma, amakhala mkulu wa anthu amene amatsutsana. Mamembala ake amabweretsa chidziŵitso cha kusoŵa kwa madzi, mathero, ndi zaulimite, ndi kuteteza zinthu zimene zimafunika kwambiri Lobabha singathe kunyamula.

Kuvuta kwa Federal: Basin-Wide v. State Autonomy

Mitsinje ya India imadula malire a boma. Mwachitsanzo, Ganga, imadutsa madera 11, ndipo amapikisana. Kusoweka kwa lamulo la madzi a dzikolo kwachititsa kuti pakhale mikangano yowonjezereka pakati pa mayiko, monga Cauvery, Krishna, ndi Godavari. mobwerezabwereza Rajya Sabba watumikira monga pulatifomu ya maboma kuti apereke zifukwa ndi kukambirana. Komiti yake yalola kusanthula mozama kwa luso ndi malamulo, kuletsa kutsata ndalama zimene zimanyalanyaza zinthu zapamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, mkangano wotsalira pa Mtsinje wa Zamadzi Dispective Bill Sybyahaption pa makonzedwe a Reaption pa nkhani ya nthaŵi yofuna kukambirana ndi kutsangana ndi boma pansi pa dziko.

Mbali ya Mdani Wam’madzi Wosiyana ndi Ya Raje Sabha

Kuimira Maboma: Kauni ya Federal

Raje Sabba analinganizidwa monga chipinda cha mayiko, ndi boma lililonse likulandira kuimira kwa anthu ake, koma ndi kuchepetsa koikika. Zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti maboma aang'ono monga Sikkim kapena Goa ali ndi mawu ofanana ndi maboma aakulu monga Uttar Pradesh pa nkhani za madzi. Pamene ndalama za madzi zikuyambitsidwa, Rajaya Sabba kaŵirikaŵiri amasuntha ziwongole zimene zimatetezera zikondwerero za boma, monga ngati kuchotsa kwa madzi a pansi kapena kuchotsa zigwegwegwe kuchokera ku mado apakati a madzi. Nyumba yapamwambayo imagwiranso ntchito monga mabuleki a malamulo amwambo. Mwachitsanzo, National Frames Syab Comman Syabracracy inatchuka ndi kusankhidwa kwa Komiti ya Sarnha.

Kupenda ndi Kukonzanso Zinthu

Msonkhano uliwonse wokhudza madzi woyambitsidwa m'nyumba za malamulo uyenera kudutsa m'nyumba zonse ziŵirizo kusiyapo ndalama . M'chaka cha 2019, Komiti ya Rajiya Sabba ya Makomiti a panthambi ya Madzi, monga Komiti ya Madzi, imakhala ndi nkhani zatsatanetsatane kwa akatswiri, akuluakulu a boma, ndi magulu a boma. Makomiti ameneŵa akusimba kuti kaŵirikaŵiri amakakamiza boma kukonzanso malamulo amadzi. Mu 2019, Komiti ya Palamente ya Stacy Stacy pa Water Resources inalangiza kuti National Conservation Authority iperekedwe mphamvu zotetezera, lingaliro la boma pomalizira pake lolembedwa. Kupenda kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti boma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu sichikuchirikiza kupindula ndi kulemera kwa ndale zadziko.

Malamulo Aakulu a Madzi Opangidwa ndi Raje Sabra

M’chaka cha 1956, gulu la Octern - State Ritmentes Act

Pambuyo pake, lamulo limeneli linakhazikitsa makhoti oletsa mikangano pakati pa mayiko. M’zaka zapitazi, Raje Sabba wayamba kukambirana kuti athetse kuchedwa kwa Reja, pokambirana ndi Rejaya Sabha. Mu 2002 ndi 2019, nyumba yapamwamba inakambirana zokhazikitsa, mfundo zokhalitsa za m'chigawo cha Mtsinje wa Diffales Tripeal Tribunal kuti abweze mabwalo a hoc. Ntchito yomaliza, itatha ndi Rajiya Sabbaha ndi chilo, inafunikira makhomo kuti ipereke mphoto zaka zisanu. Nyumba yapamwamba inali yankho lachindulo kwa Khishna ndi Mulungu. Popanda kutsutsana kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Pambuyo pajaya Sabatahass, anaitanabe nthaŵi yosanja ya nthaŵi yosanja, kuti akakhalebe mlandu wa mlandu wa Natka ndi woweruza wofanana ndi Narna. [Flvel:]

Lamulo la Dziko Lonse la Kumwa (202, 2012)

Ngakhale kuti bungwe la National Water Policy silinatsate mfundo za malamulo, limapanga malamulo otsatira. Raje Sabha anachita mbali yaikulu m'kukonzedwanso kwa 2012, kupempha kuti pakhale malamulo monga “madzi opindulitsa ” ndi“ oyendetsa ntchito yothirira madzi. Pa nthawi ya mkangano, mamembala ochokera ku mayiko amene anakhazikitsa chilala anagwirizana kuti apeze malo oyamba oyenera kumwera madzi, mfundo ya malamulo tsopano yokhazikika m'malamulo. Nyumba yapamwamba inalimbikitsanso kuti malamulowo agwirizane ndi sayansi ya za madera osiyanasiyana . Sabyahahaya a m'dzikolo a m'dziko lakumidzi, kuteteza alimi ndi ang'adzi ang'onoang'ono [FTSP]

Chilamulo cha Madzi (Kuchotsa ndi Kulamulira Kuipitsa), 1974

Limodzi la malamulo oyambirira a ku India a malo okhala, kachitidwe kameneka kanakhazikitsidwa pakati pa mabungwe olamulira kuipitsa ndi boma. Raje Sabha anasintha lamulo loyamba la zilango zokhala ndi zilango zolimba kwa oipitsa maindasitale ndi kupatsa mphamvu mabodi a boma kutseka mabungwe osakhala ogwirizana. M'ma 2000, nyumba yapamwamba yokha yotsekerezedwa yobweretsa kuipitsa kwa madzi a pansi pa nthaka m'mitsinje ya m'mitsinje, kuvomereza kuti fetelezi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo zinali kulowa m'maquiferizi. Raja Sabba adatsimikizira kuti ntchitoyo sinakhale n’kapeni yapepala; ziyenetso zake za kumvetsera anthu asanalole kuti apereke chilo chimodzi chokhudza chivomezi cha boma. Lerolino, imachitabe maziko a kuipitsa kwa dziko la India, ndi Sanhabububu olamulira ndi Sarba owonjezereka kuti aonere ku Gay. [Mawero: Flation:]

Malamulo Aposachedwapa: Chikalata cha National Water Extraywork

Kukakamiza munthu mmodzi, kuyendetsa lamulo la madzi kunakula pambuyo pa lipoti la 2018 NITI Aayog kuchenjeza za kupereŵera kwakukulu kwa madzi. Fourd Water Framework Bill, yomwe inayambitsidwa mu 2016, inaperekedwa ku Rajiya Sabba Secta Committee. Lipoti la komitiyo linalimbikitsa masinthidwe aakulu: adaitanira ku kuyenera kwa madzi monga malo apamwamba, mapulani omangapo a m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, ndi chifaniziro chapamwamba cha ulamuliro wa dziko ndi ufulu waukulu. Rajiya Sabba Ha enoundationmentmentations propectives ya Centrea ndi kulimbitsa mbali ya ulamuliro wa boma la oyendetsanso madzi, kusonyeza malingana ndi ma chipinda a chipinda. Mu 2024, chikalatachoko chapamwamba, ndi nyumba yoyendetsa malamulo a dziko lake. Mpando wa Sahay adatsende, pa kuyendetsa ntchito yake yoyendera mphamvu ya Sabign. [AN.]

Kuthandiza Madzi Abwino ndi Osungika

Kulinganiza Zofunika za Ulimi ndi Maindasitale

Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kwa India kumatchuka ndi ulimi (pafupifupi 80% ya kugwiritsira ntchito madzi abwino), komabe kufunika kwa maindasitale kukukwera. Raje Sabba wakhala malo osungirako zinthu otsutsana. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa mikangano ya River Basin Management Bill, ziwalo za maboma a ulimi onga Punjab ndi Haryana zinalimbikitsa kuti njira iliyonse yolola kuchotsa madzi a m'madzi akuda sikuyenera kuchepetsa zoikizira. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti pakhale chidutswa chimene chimafuna madzi owonongeka kuchokera ku madzi otayidwa asanaloŵe m'madzi amadzi aukhondo. Mofananamo, nyumba yapamwamba inakonzanso ntchito yoteteza madzi kuti apange malamulo a m'mudzi, kutsimikizira kuti anthu akumasunga chuma. Kuloŵerera koteroko kuthandizira kusungitsa madzi panthaka.

Kuthandiza Anthu Kuteteza M’chilengedwe Ndiponso Kuthandiza Kusintha Mkhalidwe

Komiti ya Rajiya Sabra ya m'madzi yagogomezera mobwerezabwereza kufunika kwa kusintha nyengo m'malamulo a madzi. Mu 2022, komiti inalimbikitsa kuti ntchito zonse zatsopano zosungira zinthu zikhale zoyendera bwino. Izi zinawonjezera njira zokhalira ndi moyo ku Central Ground Water Authority. Nyumba yapamwambayo inaperekanso chigamulo cha chiŵalo cha munthu mmodzi mu 2021 kulimbikitsa boma kulengeza madzi ofunika kwambiri pansi pa Malamulo 21, amene anasonkhezera Khoti Lapamwamba kufutukula kuyenera kwa madzi kuti aike jurisprune. Pamene kuli kwakuti Rajiya Sabba sakhoza kusungitsa mwachindunji kachitidwe kakhalidwe ka mphepo, mphamvu yake yoteteza kuyendetsa ntchito za boma mu 2021 yotuta madzi m'mangira, monga kukonza mabwalo atsopano ndi kubwezera kwamphamvu kwa dziko lapansi.

Mavuto Amene Raje Sabha Ankakumana Nawo

Kusintha kwa Zandale ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo

Raje Sabba salephera kusokonezeka ndi ndale zadziko. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, kusokonezeka kwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kwachepetsa nthaŵi yomwe ilipo kaamba ka mikangano yatsatanetsatane ya malamulo a madzi. Kusoŵa kwa olamulira ambiri m'nyumba yapamwamba kaŵirikaŵiri kumakakamiza boma kulolera, zimene zingachedwetse ndalama zoyendera. Mwachitsanzo, Maiwe Resources Bill, 2020, inaikidwa ku komiti yosankhidwa koma sinabwererenso pansi chifukwa cha kutsutsana. Kuwonjezerapo, chikhoterero cha mamembala a boma kukhazikitsa makambitsirano a madzi pa mizere ya zipani m’malo mwa kuchepetsa zitsutso za boma nthaŵi zina. Kugonjetsa zimenezi kumafuna chitsutso chakuti madzi ali nkhani yowoloza mtanda.

Mkangano pa Kupulupudza kwa Maboma

Kulimbana kobwerezabwereza ndi kuyesayesa kwa Centre kuchititsa kuti madzi alamulire ndi mafaindi monga National River Conservation Authority Act. Boma, likuthandizidwa ndi Rajiya Sabba, latsutsa kuti kuyendetsa zinthu koteroko kungagwirizanitsenso kuletsa kusintha zinthu kofunikira, monga mlingo wa madzi. Kulinganiza kwa kulinganiza kwabwino pakati pa kulinganiza kwa dziko ndi ufulu wa boma kumakhalabe chitokoso chosalekeza. Komabe, otsutsa a Sabyaha amatsutsa kuti mphamvu ya Sabbaha ingathenso kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kuletsa kusintha zinthu, monga ngati kutetezera mathirizi. Nthaŵi zina kulinganiza kulinganiza kwabwino pakati pa malamulo a dziko ndi ufulu wa boma kumakhala chitokosoko cha lamulo. Chikalata cha pa makomiti a Savya adaluya adatchula kuti “kulephera kuletsa madzi, pamene kuli koyenera kutetezera zinthu za boma, monga ngati kutetezera zinthu za m'kalamu: [Flia] pa komiti ya za madzi: "Magalamu:]

Malangizo Amtsogolo: Kulimbikitsa Raje Sabha

Kuwonjezera mphamvu ya Rajiya Sabba pa malamulo a madzi, masinthidwe angapo ngofunika kulingaliridwa. Choyamba, kukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe la Interpal - State Water Council mkati mwa nyumba yapamwamba kungagwirizanitse boma ndi kukambirana kwa mlingo wapamwamba kusanalembedwe. Chachiŵiri, komiti ya Rajiya Sabba ya Sabba iyenera kupatsidwa maulamuliro ogwirizana kwambiri, mwinamwake kupyolera mwa lamulo lakuti boma livomereze chivomerezo chirichonse cha ku chivomerezo chilichonse. Chachitatu, chipindacho chikhoza kuphatikizapo luso la sayansi mwa kupanga gulu la asayansi a magetsi ndi akatswiri a zamalamulo kuti achirikize kuyang'anitsidwa kwake. Pomalizira pake, kuwonjezereka kwa mayezezezezeze a Lob Sabba kaamba ka mikangano ya madzi kungagwirizane ndi zikalata za kutsutsana ndi kuyendetsa kwake kolamulira kwapadera kwa kuyendetsa bwino la m'dziko la India. Pamene kuyendera njira yachitetezo.

Kumaliza

Raje Sabba si chiŵalo chachiŵiri chabe; ndi chikumbumtima chalamulo cha malamulo a India. Kuyambira pa Interve- Staten River Disputes Act mpaka ku National Fourmark Bill yomwe ikubwerayo, nyumba yapamwamba yatsimikizira nthaŵi zonse kuti boma la ndale zadziko la Whydroweat silikutsenderezedwa ndi mapangano a Centre-majajing. Komiti yake, kukonzanso mphamvu, ndi kuchotsa mphamvu zakuya kwake kwa nthaka kwakhala ndi malamulo odziŵa za chilengedwe, ngakhale ngati mavuto a kutsendereza kwa zandale zadziko akhala. Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo sikumasintha kwa madzi ndi mikangano ya dziko, Rajaha ya boma imakhaladi yofunika kwambiri. Mtsogolo kwa madzi olamulira mu India sungabe madabungwe kapena mabomba otchuka, koma kutsutsana ndi kutsutsana ndi chigwirizano cha Sajini cha mtengo wapatali.