Dongosolo la Boma ndi Zosankha Zake Zoyambirira: Chitsogozo Chofunika Kwambiri

Kumvetsa boma ndiponso masankho aakulu n’kofunika kwa nzika iliyonse imene ikufuna kukhala ndi mbali pa demokalase. Zitsa ziŵiri zimenezi za ulamuliro wa demokrase zimagwira ntchito pamodzi kukonza mmene malamulo amapangidwira, mmene atsogoleri amasankhidwira, ndi mmene mawu amasankhidwira m'zandale.

Nthambi Zitatu za Boma: Maziko a Demokalase

Maiko ambiri a demokrase amapanga boma lawo kunthambi zitatu zosiyana: mkulu wa ntchito, wolamulira, ndi chiweruzo. Kulekanitsa mphamvu kumeneku kwalinganizidwira kuletsa chinthu chirichonse kupambana ndi kutsimikizira kuti ulamuliro uchitidwa ndi kuŵerengera ndi kuwonekera. Dongosololo limamangidwa pa lamulo lakuti mphamvu iyenera kugawiridwa ndi kulinganizika.

Nthambi Yotsogolera

Nthambi ya mkulu ya boma ili ndi udindo wokhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo. Imatsogoleredwa ndi mkulu wa boma, monga pulezidenti kapena nduna zaudindo [, ndipo imaphatikizapo bungwe la mamembala a makampani ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana. M'madongosolo a pulezidenti onga United States, pulezidenti amatumikira monga mutu wa boma ndi mkulu wa boma, kuyendetsa ulamuliro wapadera. M'malamulo a pampalamente, nduna yaikulu ndi imene imasankhidwa kuchokera ku nthambi ya malamulo, kuphatikiza maulamuliro apafupi. Udindo apamwamba wa nthambi amaphatikizapo [FT:]

Nthambi Yolamulira Malamulo

Nthambi yalamulo ndiyo bungwe lopanga malamulo, lomwe nthaŵi zambiri limatchedwa Nyumba ya Malamulo, Nyumba ya Malamulo, kapena Msonkhano wa Dziko. Ili ndi thayo la kupanga mapulani, kutsutsana, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo. M'madongosolo a bimeral, nyumba yoyalidwa m'zipinda ziŵiri: nyumba yochepera (kaŵirikaŵiri imatchedwa Nyumba ya Oimira kapena Nyumba ya Commons) ndi nyumba yapamwamba (monga Nyumba ya Malamulo). Nyumba yapansi kwenikweni imaimira anthu, pamene nyumba yapamwamba imaimira madera kapena maboma. Nthambi ya malamulo imayang'aniranso boma, kuwonjezera, kaŵirikaŵiri imakhala ndi ulamuliro pa nthambi ya akuluakulu, kuphatikizapo kuyang'anira ndi kufunsa ndi kuchotsa, ndi kuchotsa akuluakulu a boma kapena ku boma.

Nthambi Yoweruza

Nthambi yachiweruzo imamasulira malamulo ndi kutsimikizira kuti amayenderana ndi malamulo. Ilo ndilo dongosolo la makhoti, ndi bwalo lamilandu lalikulu kapena lalamulo pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Oweruza m'nthambi ino amaikidwa mwapadera mmalo mwa kusankhidwa, mapulani olinganizidwa kuwatetezera ku chitsenderezo cha ndale zadziko ndi kuwalola kupanga zosankha zosakondera zozikidwa pa malamulo alamulo. Nthambi yachiweruzo ili ndi mphamvu ya yopenda , imene imalola kuswa malamulo kapena zochita zapamwamba zimene zimaswa malamulo.

Kupenda ndi Kulinganizika pa Ntchito

Malamulo a dongosolo la malupanga atatu ali m'mayeso ndi malingana ndi [[FLT:] . Mwachitsanzo, pulezidenti (wodula) angapatsidwe ndi Congress (malamulo a m'zigawo zitatu), koma Nyumba za Malamulo zingaikepo ndi mavoti aŵiri. Khoti Lapamwamba (lolamulira) lingalengeze lamulo loperekedwa ndi bungwe ndi prezidenti kuti lisiye kuweruza. Oweruza a nthambi, koma nthambi ya malamulo ayenera kutsimikizira mapangano amenewo. Maulamuliro ozungulirawa adziko amachititsa kuti nthambi asachite zinthu popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi ena. Ilo limapangidwa ndi dongosolo, kapena kugamulidwa, osati kugamulidwa ndi pulezitsa.

Mmene Madongosolo a Boma Amasiyanirana ndi Maboma

Pamene kuli kwakuti chitsanzo cha makoma atatu nchofala, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri padziko lonse. United States , dongosolo ndi demokrase ya prezidenti wokhala ndi kulekana kwamphamvu kwa maulamuliro. Pulezidenti amasankhidwa payekha ndi nyumba yoikidwiratu ndipo amatumikira nthaŵi yoikika. [[FLT:] mu] Kingdom [FLT:] United , dongosolo ndi democracy ya boma kumene mkulu wa boma (nduna wamkulu ndi kabungwe) amatengedwa kuchokera ku nyumba yovomerezeka ndi mmene amachitira, ndi mmene angapangidwira ndi chivoti cha kusoŵa. Mitundu yambiri ya ku Ulaya imagwiritsira ntchito njira yachipangika, monga chitsanzo cha Falansa chapadera, kumene pulezidenti wamkulu ndi nduna ya zaukulu ya zaumoyo. Kumvetsetsa izi nkofunika chifukwa chakuti imakhudzana, ndi mmene imachitidwira, ndi mmene imachitidwira ndi kuwonjezera kwa boma. [F4] Zopanga zamphamvu zambiri, zowonjezereka za dziko lonse: [F]

Kusankha Koyambirira: Njira Yoyamba m’Kusankha Chikhoterero

Masankho aakulu ndiwo mipikisano ya mkati imene zipani za ndale zadziko zimagwiritsira ntchito kusankha oyembekezera kusankhidwa awo kaamba ka chisankho cha onse. Iwo ali osuliza, ngakhale kuti kaŵirikaŵiri sawamvetsetsa, mbali ya dongosolo la democracy. Pamene kuli kwakuti masankho a onse amasankha amene ali ndi udindo, masankho aakulu amasankha amene adzapikisana m'chosankha cha onsecho. Zimenezi zimawapanga kukhala njira yamphamvu yokonzera zolinga za ndale zadziko ndi zosankha zimene zingapezeke kwa ovota.

Kodi Kusankha Koyambirira N’kutani?

Chisankho chachikulu ndicho chisankho choyambirira chimene ovota amasankha ofunsira pa chipani china cha ndale kuti ayendetse m'chosankha cha onse. Opambana a ma primenti akhala akuluakulu a chipani. Opalukira amasiyana ndi ma coucuuse, amene ali misonkhano ya kumaloko kumene mamembala a chipani amakambirana ndi kuvota owonjezereka m’dongosolo la kuchotsa ufulu. Pamene kuli kwakuti ma coucrusues anali ofala, a primemie akhala njira yaikulu yosankhira munthu wofuna kukwatira m'maboma ambiri ndi m'maiko ambiri amene amawagwiritsira ntchito. Dongo lalikulu limakula kwambiri m'maungwe a United States , koma pali mitundu ina, kuphatikizapo Argentina, Argentina ndi Yuropu.

Mbiri ya Kusintha kwa Ndale

Malo oyambirira osankha anatulukira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 m'ma C. Ankasintha zinthu monga gulu lofuna kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mabwana a chipani ndi makina andale. Asanalowetse ma Primite, oyembekezera anasankhidwa m'misonkhano yotsekedwa ndi anthu oloŵa m'zipani. Masinthidwewo anayambitsa mapringishoni kuti apatse anthu wamba mawu oyenerera osankha. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, njirayo inachokera ku chinthu chotchuka kukhala njira yochititsa chidwi ndi yopanga maphwando andale zadziko. Lerolino, ma extmicriti ndi mapulogalamu a ndalensi a Amereka ndipo amatengedwa kwambiri m'maufumu ena ofuna kuwonjezera ntchito zaudzu.

Mitundu ya Malamulo

Malamulo amene amalamulira mavoti adziko ndi dziko losiyana kwambiri, ndipo malamulo ameneŵa angathandize kwambiri pa zotsatirapo zake.

Malo Otsekeredwa

Pa mfundo yaikulu, ovota okha amene ali mamembala a chipani cha ndale zadziko ovomerezeka ndiwo angavote m'chigawo chachikulu. Dongosolo limeneli lakonzedwa kuletsa mamembala a zipani zotsutsanazo "kudutsa" kusonkhezera gulu lina. Kutseka masunamo kumayambitsa ofunsira opambanitsa chifukwa chakuti ndi ziŵalo za chipani chodzipereka kwambiri. Maboma onga New York, Florida, ndi Pennsylvania amagwiritsira ntchito ma pricyrime.

Kutsegulira Malo Otseguka

Potsegulira mavotiwo, wovomerezeka aliyense angaloŵe nawo m'gulu lililonse, mosasamala kanthu za chipani chawo. Ofufuza amasankha kuti ndi liti limene liyenera kuvota pamene afika pa mavoti. Otsegulira ali ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa anthu odziimira paokha ndi kulola osankha amodzi ndi oyenera kukhala ndi mawu m'dongosolo la kuvomereza. Otsutsa amanena kuti otsegula angatsogolere ku "kutembenuza," kumene mamembala a gulu limodzi amavotera munthu wofooka kwambiri m’gulu lalikulu la otsutsa. Maboma onga Michigan, Virginia, ndi Wisconsian amagwiritsira ntchito mawu otsegulira.

Malo Osungiramo Asunamo Otsekeredwa

A otsekedwa kamodzi ndi kagulu kotchedwa hydral system. Osankha okha angasankhe kuti ndi chipani chiti chimene akufuna kuvota, koma mamembala a chipani cholembetsedwa angangovote m'choyambirira cha gulu lawo. Kuteroko kumalola anthu odziimira okha kutengamo mbali pamene akusungabe ulamuliro wa chipani china. Kulolera pakati pa madongosolo otsekedwa ndi otseguka ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo onga Illinois, New Hampshire, ndi North Carolina.

Malo apamwamba - 2 ndi Ranked-Choice Prime

Maboma ena achokapo pa mavoti amwambo a gulu. pamwamba-paŵirikulu. Ofuna kubatizidwa onse amagwiritsira ntchito chisankho chimodzi ngakhale kuti ndi ogwirizana ndi chipani. Osankhidwa aŵiriwo amalandira mavoti ambiri osankhidwa pa chisankho. Ngakhale ngati ali a pagulu limodzi. California, Washington, ndi Nebraska amagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi. yoikidwa pa gulu lalikulu lapadera [[FLT: 3.] amalola osankhidwa kukhala ndi malo apamwamba osankhidwa m'zosankha. Ngati palibe wolandira unyinji wa ovota oyamba a mavoti, ogwirizana ndi osankhidwa ochepa amachotsedwa, ndipo ovotapo awo amaikidwa pa njira yachiŵiri. Chidziŵitso chachikulu cha RFLT [F] chimalimbikitsa kufalikira m'mayiko ambiri. [Foseactive]

Kufunika kwa Malo Oyambirira

Chisankho chachikulu sichokha chimene chimachitika pa kakonzedwe ka pulogalamu yosankhidwiratu. Iwo amatumikira ntchito zina zofunika kwambiri zimene zimaumba malo onse andale. Choyamba, amalamulira chikalata cha oyembekezera kubatizidwa [ kuti osankha adzasankha m'chosankha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti njira yoyamba imachititsa kuti munda ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a ndale. Chachiŵiri, mapulogalamu [[FLT:]] a m'ziŵalozo zosonyezera zofuna zawo [[[FLT: 3] ndi kusonkhezera gulu lawo. Pamene iwo asankha mowonjezereka, angatumikire monga ngati otsogolera a gulu lamakono ndi otsogolera. [FMT], FT. [FFFF] Ogwirizana: [FFFF:] Ogwirizana: [FFFF:]

Mmene Upandu Umakhudzira Dziko la Ndale

Malamulo a masankho oyambirira ali ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu pa mtundu wa osankhidwa amene amapambana ndi malamulo amene amachirikiza. M'maprojekiti otsekereza, kumene osankha ongofunikira kukopa, oyembekezera kaŵirikaŵiri amapita ku kupatapata ku pulogalamu ya maganizo kuti apereke chiyambukiro. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku kuwonjezereka kwa magawo, kumene opambana oyambirira ali opambanitsa kuposa osankhidwa a anthu aŵiri, kupanga kulolera kolimba kwambiri m'boma. Otsegulidwawo, ofunikira kukopa omvetsera ambiri, omwe angatulutse dongosolo lapamwambalo ndilo. Kusiyana ndi, kungatsogolera kusankha kwa onse aŵiri osankhidwa kuchokera ku gulu limodzimodzilo, popanda kukwaniritsa mbali zitatu za fuko. Kumvetsetsa kumeneku kuli kofunika kwa aliyense amene akufuna kusanthula chivomerezo kapena kuwongolera.

Kusuliza ndi Zovuta Zimene Zimasonyezedwa ndi Anthu Oyambirira

Mosasamala kanthu za mikhalidwe yawo ya demokrase, masankho aakulu saali opanda otsutsa. Nkhaŵa yaikulu ndi [FLT: 0] wovota wowonda wowoloka kwambiri. Masankho aakulu kwenikweni amakopa ovota ochepa kwambiri kuposa masankho a onse, kaŵirikaŵiri osakwanira 20% a osankhidwa m'maiko ambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusankhidwa kochepa, kosonkhezeredwa kwambiri kwa chisankhocho kukhoza kukhala ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu kwa amene amasintha. Kusuliza kwina ndiko kuti mapulogalamu ang'onoang'ono [[FLT: 2]] amavomereza kuwonjezereka kwapadera kwa gulu la anthu. Pamene kuli koyambirira, kuwonjezerapo, kuwonjezeraponso kutsutsa kwa kutsutsa kwapadera kwa kutsendekera kwa kumbuyoku, kukhoza kudalira kuganiza kwapadera kwa chivomerezo. [FF.5]

Tsogolo la Zosankha Zoyambirira

Dongosolo lalikulu likusintha poyankha ku zisulizo zimenezi. Maboma ambiri ayamba kuvomereza kapena akuyesa kuvota kochitidwa motsatira lamulo m'mapulaneti, kumene kungachepetse chisonkhezero cha kutsutsa ndi kutulutsa opambana ndi chichirikizo chachikulu. Pali chikondwerero chokulirapo mu [[FLT:] maluwa otsegulira [[FLT] [[FLT]] monga njira yochepetsera kuwonjezera kugawana ndi kuwonjezereka. Ochirikiza ena amalingalira kuti [[FLT:] yokulirapo], pamene onse amanena kuti asunga mphamvu zawo patsiku lomwelo, kuchotsa mapindu osalungama a maiko oyambirira. Theoctive imaseŵeranso ndi kujambula ndi kujambula ndi kujambula kwapafupi. [FLGenekassss program:]

Kugwirizanitsa Madongosolo a Boma ndi Zisankho Zoyambirira

Dongosolo la boma ndi masankho aakulu n’ngogwirizana kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka boma . Ngakhale kuti ndi ka pulezidenti, la palamente, la palamente, kapena la m'zipulogalamu . Padongosolo la pulezidenti, mapulaneti ndi otchuka, mipikisano yaikulu chifukwa chakuti wopambanayo angakhale munthu wamphamvu kwambiri m'dziko. Pakhoti la mapulani, mapulogalamu saoneka kaŵirikaŵiri chifukwa chakuti nduna yaikulu imasankhidwa ndi chisankho, osati ndi pulezidenti, ndipo amayang'ana kwambiri pandandanda ya gulu. Mkhalidwe wapamwamba ukhozanso kusonkhezera ntchito ya boma. Mwachitsanzo, mapulogalamu otseka amachititsa kuti pakhale zipani zazikulu, zimene zingalimbitse chipanicho, chimene chikhoza kutsenderezedwa ndi gulu la otsogolera. Pritensions angatulutsenso odziimira paopt.

Malangizo Othandiza kwa Opanga Mavoti

Kwa ovota amene akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mawu awo kwambiri pa ntchito ya demokrase, kuzindikira dongosolo loyamba nlofunika. Onetsetsani boma lanu kapena dziko lanu malamulo aakulu kuti mudziŵe ngati mungathe kutengamo mbali ndi kuti ndi chachikulu chotani. Ngati mwalembetsa ndi chipani, zindikirani kuti chinthu choyamba cha chipani chanu chingatseke kapena kutseguka. Ngati muli wodziimira, mukhoza kuvota m'mabungwe ena koma osati ena. Ofuna kugawanawo, osati kungosankha okha. Onani malo awo, cholembera chawo, ndi kusankhidwa kwawo. Kupezeka pa misonkhano yakwanu kapena pa makampani a zamwambo ngati kuli kotheka. Kusankha kaŵirikaŵiri kukhoza kukhudza kusiyana ndi kuvota chifukwa cha anthu ambiri, kugawa kwanuko. Chomwechokera, chomaliza, kuyang'ka ngati mukuona malo obala kapena malo otseka.

Kumaliza

Dongosolo la boma ndi masankho aakulu ndi ziŵiri za mbali zofunika kwambiri za ulamuliro wa demokrase. Kumvetsa bwino za mmene nthambi zitatu za boma zimagwirira ntchito kumaperekera maziko a kumvetsetsa mmene malamulo amapangira ndi kutsatiridwa. Kumvetsa bwino masankho aakulu kumafotokoza mmene oyembekezera kusankhidwa ndi mmene malo andale amasankhidwira. Madongosolowa amasankha amene ali ndi mphamvu ndi mmene mphamvuzo zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Mwa kuphunzira za mapulogalamu onse aŵiri, osankhidwawo angayendetse njira yosankhira ndi kudalirana, kupanga zosankha zozindikira pa bokosi la bolot , ndi kuthandizira kukonzanso demokrase. Dongo la zandale nlo losavuta kumvetsetsa, koma la anthu, ndipo nzika yophunzitsidwa bwino ndiyo chitetezo chabwino kwambiri polimbana ndi kusefukira kwake.