Table of Contents

Malamulo Ovomerezeka a Boma

Malamulo osonyeza zinthu zooneka bwino, odziŵika kwambiri monga ufulu wa chidziŵitso (FOI) ndi malamulo a malamulo amene amapatsa nzika ufulu wofufuza ndi kupeza makope a mafaelo ochitidwa ndi mabungwe a anthu. Malamulo ameneŵa amasintha mkhalidwe woyenerera wa boma kuchoka kuchinsinsi ku kumasuka, kukhazikitsa ntchito yalamulo kuti mabungwe aulule chidziŵitso chachindunji, pokhapo ngati lamulo lofotokozedwa bwino likugwira ntchito. Lamulo la magwero ndi lakuti chidziŵitso cha boma ncha anthu, ndipo mtolo uli pa boma kuti chilungamitse, osati nzika kuti itsimikizire kuti ifunikira kuwona.

Malamulo amakono osonyeza zinthu zoonekera bwino amatulutsa lamulo . Amafuna kuti mabungwe ena apereke malamulo amtundu wina popanda kuyembekezera pempho . Pansi pa pulogalamu yofunsira. Amapanganso mabungwe oyang’anira, monga oyang'anira nkhani, kuti akhazikitse mikangano ndi kuonetsetsa kuti atsatirire. Mayiko oposa 120 atsatira malamulo a FOI, kusonyeza kuti anthu odziwa bwino ndi amene ali maziko a boma.

Komabe, kungokhala ndi lamulo si kutsimikizira kuti munthu atha kuona bwinobwino.

Ntchito Yosatsutsika ya Malamulo Osinthana M’dziko la Democratic Society

Malamulo osonyeza njira zoyendera sikuti amangogwiritsidwa ntchito monga njira zoyendetsera ntchito ya boma, koma monga njira zothandizira anthu kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Kuŵerengera ndi Kuyang’anira

Pamlingo waukulu kwambiri, malamulo a kuonekera kwa zinthu amakakamiza akuluakulu a boma kuchita zinthu ngati kuti zosankha zawo zipendedwa. Izi n’zothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi khalidwe lodzifunira kapena lodzionera okha. Pamene atumiki, antchito a boma, ndi mabungwe akudziŵa kuti mapangano, makalata, ndi ntchito zapamkati zikhoza kumasulidwa poyera, iwo ali othekera kwambiri kutsatira njira zoyenerera, kupeŵa mikangano ya chikondwerero, ndi mapepala awo mowona mtima. Atolankhani, mahentensi, ndi oyang'anira njanji, ndi omvera Nag NGOs amadalira pa FOI zifunsiro zofukuvumbula zinyalala, chinyengo, ndi kuipitsa kwa anthu owononga malo obisika.

Kutengamo Mbali Kodziŵika Kwapoyera

Democracy imafuna zambiri osati masankho a nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi; imafuna kupitirizabe, kulonjezana kwa chidziŵitso. Malamulo osonyeza kulinganiza zinthu amakonzekeretsa nzika ndi chidziŵitso chofunikira kupenda malamulo, kutsutsa malingaliro olakwika, ndi kuthandizira m’kutsutsana kwapoyera. Mwachitsanzo, chitaganya chimene chikulingalira za lamulo latsopano lolinganiza malamulo a kulinganiza malo, kupenda malo okhala, ndi mphindi zokumana kuti zimvetsetse malonda. Popanda chidziŵitso chotero, kutengamo mbali kumakhala kupanda pake ndandanda ya malingaliro opanda umboni.

Kukhulupirirana Kumakonza ndi Kuphwanya Malamulo

Trust in government has eroded in many democracies. Transparency is a partial antidote. When governments voluntarily disclose information and respond openly to requests, they signal that they have nothing to hide. Over time, this openness can rebuild legitimacy, especially after scandals or crises. Conversely, secrecy breeds suspicion; citizens assume the worst when information is withheld. A transparent government can demonstrate that it is acting in the public interest, thereby earning the social license necessary for effective governance.

Kuteteza ndi Kupha Ziphuphu

Ziphuphu zimayenda bwino mumdima. Malamulo oonetsa zinthu amaunikira pa kudutsana kwa mphamvu ya anthu ndi ndalama zaumwini. Kutsekereza mapepala opindulitsa a mwiniwake, mapangano a boma, zopereka zandale, ndi chuma zoperekedwa ndi akuluakulu a boma zonsezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madongosolo a FOI. Magulu onga Transparency International amaika maiko okhala ndi malamulo amphamvu ofikira ku matanthauzo kukhala osaipitsidwa kwambiri. Kuyenera kwalamulo kupempha chidziŵitso kulola oulutsa mawu kutulutsa umboni wosaopa kubwezera, podziŵa kuti lamulo limateteza kuyenera kwawo ndi pempholo.

Mbali Zazikulu Zimene Zimapanga Kapena Kuswa Lamulo Loona Zinthu Moyenera

Ngakhale kuti malamulo a mtundu wa FOI amasiyanasiyana, mbali zina ndizo zizindikiro za dziko lonse za boma logwira ntchito.

Ufulu Wofika Popanda Kuwanenera

Lamulo lamphamvu la kuonekera kwa kuonekera kwa pulogalamu imanena momveka bwino kuti munthu aliyense . angapemphe chidziŵitso kuchokera ku bungwe la anthu onse popanda kufotokoza chifukwa chake akufuna zimenezi. Zimenezi zimachotsa zopinga zonga kufuna "chidwi chotha kuonekeratu" kapena kuumirira unziko, umene maulamuliro ena a authoritarianism amagwiritsira ntchito kuchepetsa zifuno.

Kuchotsa Malo ndi Malo Otakata

Lamulo liyenera kukhudza nthambi zonse za boma . "kuphetsa, kuweruza, ndi kuweruza , komanso makampani a boma, makampani kulandira ndalama za boma, ndi mabungwe aumwini akuchita ntchito zapoyera. Kuchotsa magulu onse, monga mabungwe a luntha kapena ofesi ya nduna yaikulu, kumapanga malo otetezeka osungirako zinthu.

Mayesero Ochepa Kwambiri

Chitonthozo chiyenera kukhala chochepa, chomveka bwino, ndi choyenera kuyesa anthu. Malo ololedwa alamulo amaphatikizapo chisungiko cha dziko, zachinsinsi zaumwini, zamalonda, ndi njira za mkati zochotsera ufulu. Komabe, malamulo ofooka kaŵirikaŵiri amaphatikizapo kusachotsa kwakukulu monga "chikondwerero cha dziko lonse" kapena "kuyendetsa bwino boma," kumene kungalepheretse pafupifupi chilichonse. Lamulo lamphamvu limafuna mabungwe kutsimikizira kuti kuvumbula kungadzetse mavuto aakulu "nditsa kubisa zinthu zovulaza anthu ambiri" ndi kuti kuvulazakukukukuposa kufunitsitsa kwa anthu onse kubisa.

Nthaŵi Yokwanira ndi Nkhosa Zololera

Popanda nthaŵi yotsatizana, mapempho angapirire kwamuyaya. Malamulo ogwira ntchito bwino amalemba malire a nthaŵi . Koposa masiku 15 mpaka 30 ogwira ntchito ndi zilango za kuchedwa. Anyani ayenera kuikidwa pamtengo wotsika wa kubereka; kulipira kufunafuna kwambiri kapena kubwerera kukana kupezeka. Malamulo ena a ntchito yabwino kwambiri amapereka malipiro a ndalama zolipilira zothandizira anthu onse.

Kuyang’anira Modzidalira Ndiponso Kukopa Kwambiri

Lamulo la kuonekera kwa munthu n’lolimba kwambiri ngati mmene limachitira. Khoma la ufulu wodziimira paokha kapena woyang'anira nkhani kapena munthu wokhala ndi mphamvu zofufuza madandaulo, kuululira dongosolo, ndi mabungwe abwino osagwirizana ndi boma n’zofunika. Kuchondererako kuyenera kukhala kwaulere kapena kwa ndalama zochepa ndipo sikuyenera kufuna loya. M'mayiko ambiri, zosankha za mkulu wa boma ndizo zomaliza, zongofunikira kupendedwa pachiweruzo.

Malingaliro a Padziko Lonse: Mmene Malamulo Oona Malo Akusiyanirana Padziko Lonse

Kupenda zitsanzo zotsogolera ndi zosatsatizana kumasonyeza kuti malamulo amathandiza.

Sweden: Upainiya wa Kumasuka

Sweden Freedom of the Press Act (1766 [1] ndilo lamulo lakale kwambiri la kuonekera kwa dziko. Ilo linakhazikitsa kuyenera kwa lamulo kwa kulowa ku zikalata zalamulo ndi kuletsa kusanthula. Kuchokera ku Sweden, inayambitsanso lamulo la [[FLT:] dentifectiveprincin (lamulo la kupezeka kwa anthu onse), limene limagwira ntchito ku zikalata zonse ziŵiri ndi ku khoti lamilandu. Kusintha kwa chitaganya kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti akuluakulu a Sweden satha kukana kuulula madandaulo, ndi dongosolo limagwira ntchito ndi lamulo lapamwamba.

India: Kupatsa Nzika Mphamvu mwa Kuphwanya Malamulo

India's Act (2005) Act ( ndi imodzi ya mphamvu kwambiri m'maiko omatukuka. Imagwira ntchito ku maulamuliro onse a boma pakati, boma, ndi milingo ya kumaloko, kuphatikizapo zipani za ndale zadziko, ndi kuika malire okhwima. Mbali yake yatsopano kwambiri ndiyo makonzedwe a [[FLT:] [[FLT]]] [-lignomesc angathandize akuluakulu a boma kukwera 765,000 kaamba ka kukana kapena kuchedwetsa. Kachitidwe kameneka kakupereka mlandu kasintha kachitidwe ka Indian Kalata ndi kupatsidwa mphamvu kwa anthu osauka kuti afune ufulu wawo.

United States: Kulinganiza Zinthu

U.S. Ufulu wa Information Act (1966 [1] Ndilo maziko a ulamuliro wa Amereka koma yakhala yolemetsedwa mowonjezereka. Pamene kuli kwakuti ikufuna kuti makampani aperekeretu ndi kufuna kuti mabungwe ayankhe m'masiku 20 antchito, chenicheni nchakuti mafunsidwe ambiri amayang'anizana ndi zaka zochedwetsa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa zinthu ndi dongosolo la kuchotsa kochitidwa ndi chiphwirikiti. Kuletsa kwakukulu kuli "kuyendetsa ntchito kwa ," kumene mabungwe kaŵirikaŵiri amatchula kuti atetezere kukambitsirana kwa lamulo. Chikalata cha FOIA Reformation Act Act cha 2016 chinalimbikitsa kuloledwa kwa kumasuka, koma ntchito imakhala yosayenerera.

China: Kusintha Zinthu Popanda Kuŵerengera

China anakhazikitsa malamulo ake pa Open Government Information (2008) monga mbali ya kusintha kwakukulu kwa maulamuliro. Pamene kuli kwakuti imafunikira mabungwe kufalitsa chidziŵitso ndi kulandira mapempho, lamulo limatsenderezedwa ndi kusaloledwa kwa "zinsi za dziko" ndi kusoŵa uyang'aniro wodziimira. Chotulukapo ndicho kuwonekera kochepa kumene kumachititsa nzika kupatsidwa mphamvu kapena kuchititsa akuluakulu kukhala oŵerengera mlandu . Kusonyeza chitsanzo chauchizembe pamene kugamula kwa boma kumapereka chikalata chachinyengo mmalo mwa uyang'aniro wa democrasethika.

United Kingdom: Chikondwerero cha Anthu Sichikukondedwa

. . . . . . Chigawo chapadera ndicho choyesa anthu onse [ kaamba ka kusadziloŵetsa kosiyana: ngakhale ngati chidziŵitso chigwera m'kalasi limene lingamanidwe, chiyenera kumasulidwa ngati chikondwerero chapoyera cha kuvumbula chiposa tsokalo. UK's Information Commissioner ndi wodziimira wamphamvu, koma Treasurers wayesa mobwerezabwereza kuchotsa kulanditsa kusazetsedwa kwapadera kaamba ka chigamulo chandalama, kujambula chisulizo kuchokera kwa ochirikiza kuwonekera.

Mavuto Otsatira: Chifukwa Chake Ngakhale Malamulo Abwino Amalephera

Kupereka lamulo losonyeza kuonekera kwa zinthu n’kosavuta. Kugwira ntchito kumafuna kugonjetsa zopinga za zipinda zapamwamba ndi chikhalidwe.

Kukana Chikhalidwe Mkati mwa Ulamuliro wa U.S.

Kusintha chikhalidwe chimenechi kumafuna kuphunzitsidwa mokhazikika, utsogoleri wamphamvu kuchokera pamwamba, ndi dongosolo loyang’anira ntchito limene limabwezera kumasuka m’malo molanga zolakwa zovumbulidwa.

Kusoŵa Udindo Wozindikira ndi Kusoŵa

Nzika zambiri sizidziŵa kuti zili ndi ufulu walamulo wopempha chidziŵitso, osatchula mmene zingagwiritsidwire ntchito. M'maiko ambiri, njira yofunsirayo imakhala yovuta, imafunikira kugonjera kolembedwa, kulongosola kolondola kwa zikalata, ndipo nthaŵi zina kulipirira ndalama. Mabungwe a nzika monga 19 Kuyenera ku programu ya chidziŵitso ndi kugwirizana kwa malo akumeneko kumachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pophunzitsa nzika ndi kupereka chithandizo cha ma probono pa mapect a makampani a zapamwamba.

Kusintha Zinthu ndi Kusiyana kwa Maulamuliro

Kulinganiza FOI mafunsidwe a pulogalamu ya zopereka ndi yothandiza. Makampani ayenera kupeza mapepala, kuwapenda kaamba ka kusafuna kulowa m’malo, mbali zokhala ndi mapangano ofiira, ndi mayankho amwambo. M'madongosolo a ndalama, makamaka m'magawo a kumaloko, sipangakhale mkulu wa FOI wodzipereka ndipo sipangakhale ndalama zosungitsira mafaelo. Popanda kuikizira ndalama m'madongosolo amakono oyang’anira chidziŵitso ndi antchito ophunzitsidwa, ufulu wa chidziŵitso umakhala wokhutiritsa mmalo mwa ntchito.

Kudyeredwa Mwala ndi Opempha Ochenjera

Opempha ochepa amagwiritsira ntchito malamulo a FOI kuvutitsa mabungwe ndi zifunitso zazikulu, zosasamala kapena kubwereza pempho limodzimodzilo kwamuyaya. Pamene kuli kwakuti yankholo siliyenera kuchepetsa kuyenera kwa kupezeka, malamulo ambiri tsopano amaphatikizapo makonzedwe akukana "opanda nzeru" kapena "opanda nzeru". Kulinganiza bwino pakati pa kuletsa nkhanza ndi kutetezera kufika kuli chitokoso chosalekeza.

Machitidwe Abwino Koposa Opangitsa Kuona Zinthu Moyenera: Kuchoka pa Kusintha Kukhala Kusintha

Kuti asinthe kuchepa kwa zinthu zopempha, maboma ndi ochirikiza afunika kutsatira njira zotsimikiziridwa.

Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zosaseŵeretsa

Madongosolo okhoza kuonetsa bwino kwambiri amachepetsa kufunika kwa mafunsidwe a munthu mmodzi ndi mmodzi mwa kufalitsa nkhani . Chizoloŵezi chabwino kwambiri n’chofuna kufalitsa ma aprinsime ofala: ma bajeti ndi ndalama, mapangano, malipiro a boma, mphindi zokumana, malipoti a malo okhala, ndi zofufuzira. Ma Portal onga U.S. Data. Mapangano aumboni a kuwonekera kwa makompyuta a kutsogolo ndi kuŵerengera mlandu.

Kuoneka bwino kwa zipangizo zamakono

Zida zamakono zingachepetse kwambiri kuwinduka kwa kuonekera. Malo ofunsira pa Intaneti amalola nzika kutumiza ndi kutumiza mafomu a pakompyuta, ndi mabungwe kuti aziyang'anira bwino. Kuphunzira za makina kungathandize kusanthula mapepala ofufuzira opulumukira, ndi zipangizo zogwiritsa ntchito kupeputsa kuyendetsa. Zipangizo zopanga zinthu monga ] zolemba mabuku ogwirizana ndi maina a dziko ndi mapangano a anthu onse zimapereka mabodza osatetezeka. Komabe, tekinoloji ndi yotetezeka kaŵiri: makompyuta osalimba angapange makompyuta atsopano olembapo zinthu zolandira zotsika kapena ogwiritsa ntchito okalamba.

Kulimbitsa Uyang’aniro ndi Kuukakamiza

Oyang'anira a ndandanda ya chidziŵitso ayenera kukhala ndi ndalama zokwanira, antchito, ndi mphamvu zalamulo zokakamiza kugonjera. Ayenera kufalitsa malipoti a chaka ndi chaka pa ntchito ya bungwe, kudziŵikitsa osakhala a kampani, ndi kukhala ndi ulamuliro wa kukhazikitsa ndalama zamtengo wapatali. Office ya Canada ya Commissioner imapereka chitsanzo chothandiza ndi ntchito yake yopanga dongosolo ndi ombudsman.

Kulimbikitsa Chikhalidwe cha Kumasuka

Malamulo okha sangasinthe khalidwe. Maboma ayenera kuikiza m’malangizo a FOI okakamiza antchito onse a m’dziko, kuphatikizapo kulinganiza kwa kachitidwe, ndi kuvomereza poyera mabungwe okhala ndi zolembedwa zachitsanzo chabwino za kugonjera. Atsogoleri pa mlingo wa ndale zadziko ngovuta: pamene atsogoleri ndi mabungwe achirikiza kumasuka, uthengawo ukukwera.

Kugwirizana ndi Anthu a M’dzikomo

Kuona padera ndi ntchito yogwirizana. Maboma ayenera kufunsa ochirikiza kuonekeratu pamene akukonza kapena kukonza malamulo, kupereka mphatso kaamba ka maprogramu ofikira FOI, ndi kugwirizana ndi atolankhani kupanga zitsogozo zaubwenzi. Magulu onga O Gufungura Boma Unduna Waboma [1] Amapereka maziko kaamba ka maboma ndi chitaganya kuti agwirizane ku kusintha kowonekera bwino.

Kufufuza za Mlandu: Malamulo Osonyeza Malo Oonekera Akugwira Ntchito

Kufufuza zimene zachitikadi padziko lonse kumasonyeza kuti malamulo oletsa kutulutsa mapulogalamu a m’chilengedwe amathandiza kwambiri.

Mmene FOI Anavumbulira Vuto Lamadzi Opanda Mphamvu

Mu 2014, akuluakulu a Michigan anasintha mzinda wa Flint kuti ukhale ndi madzi a mumtsinje wa Flint koma osagwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera. Malipoti otsatirawa a kuloŵedwa ndi ululu wa mtovu anachotsedwa. Ofufuza anagwiritsa ntchito bungwe la Michigan’s Freedom of Information Act kuti apeze makalata, ntchito, ndi mayeso a madzi amene anachititsa kuti akuluakulu a boma atsimikize kuti adziwe kuipitsa koma sanadziwe. Malamulo a boma a FAA-driven anatsogolera ku milandu yaupandu, boma la ngozi, ndi kulowa m'dziko la $600 miliyoni. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti malamulo a kuwala angakakamize ngati makampani a boma alephera kuyankha mlandu wawo.

Lamulo la RTI la India ndi Kuyenera kwa Chakudya

India’s Leact to Information Act yagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvumbula kusokonezeka kwa mbewu zoikidwa m'mabanja osauka pansi pa Nkqubo ya Public Exampration System. Acticiors ku Rajasthan anasunga pulogalamu ya RTI kuti apeze mpambo wogaŵira chakudya, kenaka kuyang'ana mtanda popanda malisiti enieni. Iwo anatulukira chinyengo chofala, kuphatikizapo anthu olandira chakudya ndi ogula chakudya ogulitsa msika wakuda. Kulira kwa anthu onse kunakakamiza kusintha zinthu, kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa dongosolo ndi kutsimikizira kwa sayansi. RTI Act itembenuze asintha lamulo lanthaneti kukhala malamulo ovomerezeka kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.

Kuwonekera kwa Sweden ndi Mapepala a Panama

Malamulo amphamvu a Sweden osonyeza kuonekera kwa nyuzipepala anatheketsa atolankhani kutulukira mofulumira m'mafashoni a boma ogwirizana ndi Panama Mapepala ofota. Patangotha masiku ochepa, atolankhani a ku Sweden anagwiritsira ntchito zikalata za boma kuti adziŵitse nzika za anthu ndi maakaunti a kunja kwa nyanja, kuvumbula ziwiya za msonkho pakati pa anthu otchuka a bizinesi ndi opereka ndalama zandale. Kufulumira ndi kuzama kwa kufufuzako, kunapangidwa kukhala kotheka mwa kupeza mosavuta katundu ndi mapepala a makampani, kukakamiza boma kuletsa lamulo loletsa kuletsa msonkho ndi kutsekereza malamulo.

Malangizo Amtsogolo: Kuloŵana kwa Mikhalidwe m’Malamulo Osonyezana

Kusintha kwa sayansi, kusintha kwa zandale, ndi mmene anthu akuyembekezerera, kukusintha kwa malo oonekera.

Kuona Malamulo ndi Kuŵerengera kwa Malamulo

Pamene maboma akuwonjezera kukhazikitsa ma algoritime a kachitidwe ka machitidwe pa kuchotsa chilango, ubwino, ntchito, ndi kulembetsa, pali kufunika kowonjezereka kwa kuonekera kwa madongosolo a "bokosi a mdima" ano. Malamulo atsopano onga EU' Kujambula kwa Intelligence Act [ ikufuna kuvumbulidwa kwa chidziŵitso, nzeru zachitsanzo, ndi ziyambukiro za kugwiritsa ntchito kwapamwamba. Norway ndi Netherlands akhazikitsa malamulo opatsa nzika ufulu wa kuzindikira mmene zigamu za kugwirira ntchito. Malo otsatira a kuwala sangokhala mapepala okha a kuwala.

Kuona Malo Abwino Okhala ndi Malo Okongola

Chinsinsi ponena za amene alidi ndi makampani, mabwinja, ndi malo amatheketsa ndalama kusungidwa, kuthaŵa msonkho, ndi ndalama zosaloledwa. Poyankha, EU , UK, ndi maiko ena ambiri tsopano amafuna kulembetsa kwa anthu okhala ndi makampani opindulitsa. Corporate Exative Act (202) malamulo akuti makampani apereke lipoti la eni ake opindulitsa ku Treasury. Malamulo ameneŵa ndi mtundu watsopano wa kuonekera kwa magetsi kumene kudzabweretsanso mlandu wa zachuma padziko lonse.

Kutentha ndi Kutentha kwa M’nkhalango

Kufunika kwa mwamsanga kwa nyengo ndiko kufuna kuti apolisi padziko lonse atulukire mfundo za makampani ndi boma zofalitsa mpweya, ngozi za nyengo, ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Magulu a Mpata wa Ntchito pa Kayendedwe ndi kuyenderana kwa Malo Okhala (TCFD) ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira za boma zoyendetsera zinthu. Malamulo osintha zinthu ku France ndi ku New Zealand amafuna kuti mabungwe onse ndi anthu ayambe kufalitsa mapulani a kusintha ndi kuyendetsa bwino zinthu. Zoyenera za m'zachilengedwe FOI zikulimbitsidwa kubisa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kutumiza pepala la kuipitsa, ndi kutumiza chidziŵitso cha ndandanda.

Kuyenera kwa Chilengedwe Chonse kwa Kudziŵa Monga Kuyenera kwa Munthu

Komiti ya United Nations Yoona za Ufulu wa Anthu yatsimikizira kuti kuyenera kwa kupeza chidziŵitso kuli kowonekera m'Chigawo 19 cha Pangano la International of Civil and Political Rights (ufulu wa kulankhula). Kusintha kumeneku kukupeza thirakiti: makhoti m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana azindikira ufulu walamulo wakufikira, kusonkhezera maboma kukhazikitsa malamulo amphamvu kwambiri ngakhale popanda kachitidwe ka lamulo. Chizoloŵezi nchakuti apange kuwonekera osati chabe mwaŵi wa lamulo koma ufulu wa munthu wofunika.

Kumaliza: Kuonetsa magetsi monga Chizoloŵezi Chopitirizabe, Silamulo pa Mabuku

Malamulo osonyeza zinthu ndi ofunika kwambiri ku boma lovomerezeka, koma si kudula okha. Malamulo olembedwa papepala satsimikizira kuti nzika ya m’mudzi wakutali ingapeze chikalata cha dzina la malo, kapena kuti mtolankhani angapeze pangano lovuta asanakonzetse ntchito. Kusiyana pakati pa lonjezo lalamulo ndi zimene zimachita ndi kumene kulephera kwambiri kuonekera. Kutseguka kwa mpata kumafuna anthu, anthu atcheru, odziŵa bwino ndi oyang’anira bwino ntchito, ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kuti aone kuti aone kuti ntchitoyo ndi mphamvu osati mphamvu.

Pamene tiyandikira kwambiri m'nyengo ya chidziŵitso, funso silikutsimikizira kuti maboma ayenera kukhala openyekera, koma mmene angapangire madongosolo amene amapanga kuonekera kwa kuonekera kwa kunja, kufika, ndi kugwira ntchito. Maiko amene apambana adzakhala awo amene amawona kuwonekera kukhala ntchito yogonjera koma monga ulamuliro waukulu . "Imene imakulitsa chidaliro, imapatsa mphamvu nzika, ndipo potsirizira pake imapanga boma kugwira ntchito bwino kwa aliyense.