Kupangidwa kwa Zosankha: Kumvetsetsa Mmene Timalankhulira

Madongosolo a Electoral amapanga maziko a democracy yoimira. Amatembenuza zosankha za munthu aliyense payekha pa zochitika za ndale zadziko, kugamula kuti ndi ati amene akufuna kuvota ndi kuti ndi mapulatifomu ati amene amaloŵa m’madongosolo ameneŵa si andale. Amapanga madongosolo a gulu la anthu, khalidwe la ovota, ndi khalidwe lenileni la kulamulira. kwa ophunzira a sayansi yandale, aphunzitsi opanga malamulo a za boma, ndi ogwirizana, kumvetsa malamulo ogwira ntchito a madongosolo osiyanasiyana a osanthula zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi imapereka kupenda kochitidwa mwatsatanetsatane kwa madongosolo aŵiri aakulu: Kuyamba- PTP) ndi Kusankha kwa (RC). Imafufuza mizu yawo, maluso, maadikiteriyo, ndi zopimira, ndi zolephera zenizeni, ndi zopanga, zoyenerera zapadziko lapansi, kuti alinganize bwino kwambiri.

Zigamulo za kulinganiza zinthu zili ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu. Dongosolo limene limafupa mgwirizano waukulu lingachititse maboma ambiri osasintha koma limaletsa mawu apamwamba. Dongosolo limene limasankha ovota likhoza kuchititsa nyumba zoimira zambiri koma movutikira kuyang'anira. Nkhani ya FPTPP ndi RCV si yaluso chabe; ndi mkangano wokhudza zimene demokrase iyenera kukhazikitsa: kutsimikiza kapena kuvomereza, kukhazikika kapena kuloŵetsedwa. Kufufuza kumeneku kumangofuna kuchititsa oŵerenga kukhala ndi chidziŵitso kuti agwirizane ndi mkanganowo.

Kuyamba Kufika: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mosavuta ndi Zotsatira Zake

Kuyamba-Past-the Post, yodziŵikanso monga kuvota kwa mbali imodzi, ndi imodzi ya madongosolo a chisankho ofalikira koposa m'dziko la Anglophone. Njira yake yaikulu njachindunji: dziko kapena chigawo imagaŵidwa kukhala zigawo chimodzi, ndipo wovota aliyense amaponya chisankho chimodzi kwa woloŵa. Wosankha amene alandira mavoti ochuluka m'chigawo chimenecho amapambana mpando. Palibe chiyeneretso cha kukwaniritsa unyinji wa mavoti; kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsiridwa ntchito pa masankhoti alamulo a dziko lonse kuphatikizapo United States (akuti Nyumba ya Oimira Aumenti), Ufumu wa United States, ndi wa India, monga mavotimenti ambiri ndi a maiko ena.

Kukopa kwa FPTP kuli kwakukulukulu m’kusavuta kwake. Olemba mabuku amafunikira kokha kusankha dzina limodzi. Kuŵerengerako nkwakukulu ndi kofulumira, kaŵirikaŵiri kumatulutsa zotulukapo pausiku wa chisankho. Dongosolo limapanga kugwirizana kwa malo pakati pa anthu ndi nthumwi zawo, kumene kungayambitse kuŵerengera kwa kumaloko. Kuwonjezera apo, FPTP imafuna kutulutsa maboma ambiri ogwirizana, ngakhale pamene palibe chipani chimene chimapambana pa chisankho chotchuka. Kukhazikika kumeneku kumasonyezedwa monga phindu lalikulu, kupangitsa kachitidwe kaundula wapamwamba popanda kukambirana kofulumira.

Kuchuluka kwa Makina Osiyanasiyana

M'chosankha chapadera cha FPTP, chigawo chilichonse chimachita modziimira. Ballot amasonkhanitsidwa, amaŵerengeredwa pa wobatizidwa, ndipo wobatizidwa wokhala ndi kukwera kwambiri amalengezedwa kukhala wopambana. M'madera kumene oyembekezera kubatizidwa atatu kapena kuposapo amapikisana, wopambanayo angapeze malo okhala ndi ochepera pa 50 peresenti ya voti. Mwachitsanzo, woloŵa m'gulu la otsala 66 peresenti angapambane ndi voti ya chigawo ngati amagaŵanitsidwa pakati pa aŵiri kapena kuposapo.

Kukumba Zakuya: Mapindu a FPTP

Kuposa pamlingo wa pamwamba, FPTP imapereka mapindu angapo a kumanga kumene kumathandiza kulongosola kulimbikira kwake.

  • Kuzoloŵera ndi Kuika Thupi la Kutsika: Ntchito yolemba X pa bolot imafunikira malangizo ochepa. Kupezeka kumeneku nkofunika kwambiri kwa anthu okhala ndi mlingo wosiyanasiyana wa kulemba ndi kuŵerenga kapena wozoloŵerana ndi njira zovotera. Kuphonya kwa magetsi m'madongosolo a FPP n’kotsika kwambiri.
  • Kuŵerengera mlandu: [[FLT ] chifukwa chakuti chigawo chilichonse chimasankha woimira mmodzi, ovota amadziŵa bwino lomwe amene adzadziwitsa amene adzachititsa nkhani za kumaloko kapena ntchito ya chipanicho pamlingo wa dzikolo. Palibe kudabwitsa kwa amene amapanga malamulo akuimira malo oikidwiratu.
  • Zotsatirapo zomveka: Njira yolembera ndi masamu mmalo mwa kujambula. Kulibe ma redis algamenti, palibe kuyembekezera kuti ma latte anyamulidwe kuŵerengera kwapakati. Liŵiro limeneli lingakhale lofunika kwambiri kuti anthu akhalebe ndi chidaliro m’masankho.
  • Kusintha kwa Fringe Extremism: FPP' wopambana FTP-atenga chilengedwe chonse amapanga zipani zazikulu kukhala pafupi ndi likulu la ndale zadziko kuti akope mgwirizano waukulu koposa. Ofuna kutsalira pa matsinde kaŵirikaŵiri amalimbana kupeza thayo chifukwa chakuti sangadalire pa maziko apamwamba kuti atenge iwo kupyolera mwa zinsinsi.

Zofooka za FPTP

Zolakwika za FPTP n’zofunika kwambiri ndiponso n’zolembedwa bwino. Otsutsa amanena kuti njira imeneyi imasokoneza anthu ndipo imalepheretsa munthu amene wavotayo kutenga nawo mbali.

  • Osankhidwa ndi Otetezereka: m'chigawo chimene chigamulo chimodzi chiri cholamulira, ovota ochirikiza zipani zina amaponya mokhutiritsa mavoti osagwirizana. Mavotiwa "amene anasankhidwa" samasonkhezera zotsatira. Chochitikachi chimasintha mipando yabwino, monga momwe osanthula amamaliza kukhala ndi phande kwawo kuli kopanda tanthauzo. Malinga ndi kufufuza kwa Electoral Reformation Society, m'chosankha cha 201919, pafupifupi 53 peresenti ya mavoti adaponyedwa kaamba ka kutaya ofunsira kapena m'mapale otetezereka kumene zotulukapo zinali zomalizira.
  • Maufumu aakulu a bungwe la FTP amapanga kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mbali ya chigamulo cha chivoti ndi mbali yake ya mipando yalamulo. Gulu lingapambane anthu ambiri ogwirizana ndi mavoti apamwamba monga 35. 40 peresenti ya voti ya dziko. M'chaka cha 2015, Chipani cha Conservative chinapata mipando 51 peresenti ndi 37 peresenti yokha ya voti. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, zigawo zazing'ono zokhala ndi chichirikizo chofalikira, monga ngati la Liberal Democrates kapena Green, nthaŵi zonse amalandira malo osankhidwa ocheperapo kuposa malo ochitirako mavoti awo.
  • Lamulo la SSitagic ndi la Duverger: Dongosolo limapanga chitsenderezo champhamvu cha maganizo kulinga ku pulogalamu ya dongosolo, kapena kuvota,. Anthu amene amakonda wobatizidwa wachitatu angamve kukhala wokakamizidwa kuvota kuti apeze munthu wotsutsa wotsutsa. Zimenezi, zochitidwa mwalamulo ndi wasayansi wandale Maurice Duverger monga Chilamulo cha Duverger, zimafuna kugwetsa mpikisano m'dongosolo lachitatu. Voter amakana mwayi wosonyeza chikondi chowona mtima kwa munthu wamng'ono wochita kampani popanda kuika pangozi ntchito yawo yovota.
  • Kusintha kwa Mawu a M’zigawo: FTP yolinganizidwa mwa kufalikira kwa magawo ochepa kwambiri (kaya fuko, maganizo, kapena kuchuluka kwa anthu). Gulu limene limapanga 10 peresenti ya anthu m'chigawo chilichonse m’dzikolo likhoza kupambana mipando yosakwanira, pamene gulu limene limapanga 60 peresenti ya anthu m’zigawo 10 lidzapambana mipandoyo. Zimenezi zingasokoneze kulembedwa kwa malamulo ndi kuchepetsa malingaliro ofunika.

Ntchito Yosankha Yosabisa: Chisonyezero cha Chisonyezero ndi Manda Otchuka

Ranked Choice Voing, imatchulidwanso monga kuti Chosankha chachiŵiri, ndipo ku icho. Ngati wosankha alandira unyinji wa mavoti oyamba, iwo amapambana kotheratu. Ngati palibe wotembenuza amafika pachimake, njira yothetsera pulogalamuyo imayamba. Wosankhayo ndi voti yoyamba. Mavoti ake amachotsedwa. Ballots chifukwa cha kusankha kwachitatu, ndi zina zotero. Ngati munthu alandira unyinji wa mavoti oyamba, amapambana kotheratu. Ngati palibe wofunsira amafika pachimakepo chachikulu, njira yothetsera pulogalamu ya RCV, yoyambira. Wosankhayo ndi mavoti oyambirira kwambiri amachotsedwa. Ballots amaikidwa pa chisankhoterezo cha osankhidwawombawo. Zimenezi zimachitanso kuti apeze njira yotsatira ya chivoti cha munthu mmodzi.

RCV imagwiritsiridwa ntchito m'maiko ambiri. Australia yagwiritsira ntchito chivoti chapadera kaamba ka Nyumba yake ya Oimira chiyambire 1918. Mu United States, Maine anakhala boma loyamba kuvomereza RCV kaamba ka chisankho cha boma mu 2018, tsatira Alaska mu 2020. Matauni onga San Francisco, Oakland, Minneapolis, ndi New York City agwiritsira ntchito RCV kaamba ka masankhoti. Dongosololosololo lakhalanso lovomerezedwa ndi magulu angapo a ndale zadziko kaamba ka mipikisano ya utsogoleri wa m’dziko.

Kusintha kwa Kachipangizo ka RCV

Kuyendetsa kwaluso kwa RCV kumafuna uyang'aniro wosamala. Maballot amapangidwa kulola ovota kuchotsa momvekera bwino, makamaka kugwiritsira ntchito madanga kapena madokosi olembedwa 1, 2, 3, ndi zina. Pambuyo pa kutsegulira, akuluakulu a masankho amasankho amasanthula mavoti onse ndi kupanga kuchuluka kwa zokonda za machokeya oyamba. Ngati palibe wosankha amene amapitirira pa 50 peresenti, wosankha wotsitsa wotsitsayo amachotsedwa. Pa kalembera aliyense amene wachotsedwayo monga woyamba, abuluti amaikidwanso kwa wosankhidwayo monga wosankhidwa. Ballot amene sandandandanda ndandanda yachiŵiri ya kusankhidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kuchokera pa kuŵerengera kwake. Njirayi imabwereza, ndi m’mbali zonse, kufikira wotsatira wotsatira wotsatirayo akafika pa chiwonjezezezeze.

Kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka zinthu kumeneku n’kovuta kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa FPTP. Kumafuna kujambula kapena kutsimikizira kuti pulogalamu yapamwamba ndi yolondola. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitu, ingaperekedwebe mofulumira kwambiri m'madera ambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri m’kati mwa tsiku limodzi kapena aŵiri a masankho.

Mapindu a Kusankha Koipa

Ochirikiza RCV amanena kuti limathetsa mavuto angapo osatha ogwirizanitsidwa ndi FPTP pamene limayambitsa mapindu atsopano a demokrase.

  • Kusintha kwa Programu ya Spoiter: RCV imalola ovota kuchirikiza mbali yachitatu kapena ofunsira odziimira okha monga chosankha chawo choyamba popanda kuwopa kuti voti yawo idzathandiza kusankha wobatizidwa amene amatsutsa mwamphamvu. Ngati woloŵayo woyamba wa mu kampani wachotsedwa, kusamutsira kwawo ku chosankha chawo chachiŵiri. Zimenezi zimafooketsa "siler" wamphamvu imene inavutitsa mafuko pansi pa FPTPP, yotchuka kwambiri mu 2000 U.S. Salution ya pulezidenti ku Florida, kumene Ralph Nader's anaimbidwa mlandu waukulu wa kupyotapygato ku Alre.
  • Mayeso a ku Offaity Out ndi Voter Chosankha: [[FLT :1] RCV imatsimikizira kuti wopambanayo ali ndi chichirikizo cha osankha ambiri amene ali ndi phande m'mbali yomaliza. Zimenezi zimasiyana kwambiri ndi FPTP, kumene opambana angatenge ofesi ndi 30 peresenti kapena ocheperapo a voti m’magawo ambiri. Lamulo lambiri limavomereza kupambana ndi kukhazikitsa maziko osankhidwa odalirika kwambiri kaamba ka kulamulira.
  • Kutsimikizira kwa Copitical Campailing : Chifukwa chakuti ofunsira ayenera kupempha kuvota kupyola pa maziko awo apafupi kusungidwa kwa zikondano zachiŵiri ndi zachitatu, RCV incenticive mkupiti kusasumika pa kuukira koipa ndi kuwonjezera pa kumanga migwirizano yokulirapo. Okhoza kuchititsa otsutsa awo kukhala opatukana otsutsa awo, amene mwina angawaike m'malo ena. Kufufuza kuchokera kwa Fairvote kwatsimikizira kuchepetsa kotsatsa malonda oipa m'mizinda ya RCV poyerekezera ndi mizinda FPPP.
  • Kuchotsedwa Kopa ndi Kukwera kwa Chipwirikiti : [[FLT :1] Mavoter angaponya chiloti kwa ofunsira awo okondedwa enieni popanda kudera nkhaŵa za "kutaya" voti yawo. Ufulu wa kulankhula umenewu umawonjezera pangano la ovota ndi chikhutiro. Kufufuza kwa masankho a RCV mu U.S. mizinda yasonyeza kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ovota poyerekezera ndi mpikisana FPPP, makamaka pakati pa osankhidwa achichepere.
  • Kuwonjezereka kwa Mafuko Osiyana: RCV imachepetsa chopinga choloŵa cha oyembekezera kuchokera ku magulu oimiridwa. Chifukwa chakuti dongosolo silimalanga ovota chifukwa cha kuchirikiza mkazi, munthu wa mitundu, kapena chiŵalo cha anthu a fuko laling'ono monga chosankha choyamba, oyembekezera ameneŵa angaloŵe m'mafuko popanda kuchotsedwa kukhala osavomerezedwa. Umboni wochokera ku magawo ogwiritsira ntchito RCV umapereka lingaliro lakuti watsogolera ku zikalata zapamwamba ndi ziyambukiro zosiyanasiyana.

Zitokoso ndi Kusuliza kwa RCV

Kutengedwa kwake kukhala mwana kwakhala kotsutsa kwambiri, makamaka ku United States, kumene maulamuliro ena asinthanso RCV pambuyo poigwiritsira ntchito poyambirira.

  • Joter Confusion and Ballot Maaks: Kachitidwe kapamwamba sikali kachilendo kwa ovota ambiri. M'masankho oyamba a RCV m'zigawo zatsopano, ziŵerengero zolakwika monga zapamwamba monga anthu aŵiri obatizidwa ndi chiŵerengero chimodzi kapena kuswa manambala, nthaŵi zina kamodzi n’kakhala kokwera kuposa m'masankho a FPPP. Kufuna kumeneku kwabwino kwa ovota osankhidwa, kumene kuli kokwera mtengo ndi kwa nthaŵi. 2021 kuyendetsa malo aakulu a RCV mu U.S. mbiri, inaona kulakwa kwa pafupifupi 12 peresenti, ngakhale kuti kulakwaku kunawongoletsedwa ndi kugonjera komaliza.
  • Unyinji wa Malo Olamulira ndi Cociption: RCV imafunikira mapulani apadera a ola, makina ovota okhoza kulinganiza mapepala, ndi pulogalamu yokonza matabuleti. Maboma ena anena ndalama zowonjezereka zogwirizana ndi kugula zipangizo zatsopano ndi ophunzitsa. Kuŵerengera kwa pulogalamu. Kuŵerengera kungachititsenso kulengeza komaliza, kukhoza kuwonjezera kulakwika kapena kusadalirana m'mipikisano.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kutopa kwa kampani ndi Ranking: Posankha ndi ofunsira ambiri, ovota angaone kukhala oletseredwa ndi chiyeneretso cha kuwaika onse. Maboma ena amachepetsa chiŵerengero cha malo apamwamba (m., zosankha zisanu) kuchepetsa zimenezi, koma chiletso chimenechi chingakhale poyambira mkangano.
  • [[FLT: 0] Fakitaleal for Tchactal Voting : Pamene RCV imachepetsa chisonkhezero cha kusakaza kwa kavhoti yapadera, ovota ochola ochola atha kuchitabe zinthu mwamachenjera. Mwachitsanzo, wovota angaike munthu wofooka pamalo oyamba kuwonjezera chiŵerengero choyamba cha wofunsirayo, akumayembekezera kusonkhezera dongosolo la kuchotsa. Amadziŵika monga "kubisa," njira imeneyi siifala kwambiri mu RCV kuposa mu FTPP koma imakhalabe nkhaŵa yachidule.
  • Nthaŵi zina Illustration: "Kutchuka" kochitidwa m'mphindi womalizira wa RCV ndi unyinji wa mavoti amene adakali okangalika, osati kwenikweni unyinji wa ovota onse olembetsedwa kapena ngakhale ma blatts oponyedwa. Ma Ballots amene amatulutsa musanazungulire womalizira (chifukwa chakuti samasonyeza kukondera pakati pa otsalira) amachotsedwa kuchokera ku masamu omalizira. M'mafuko ena, wopambanayo angalandire chilikizo kuchokera ku kachigawo kochepa kokha ka chivoti cha chivomerezo.

Kuyerekezera: FPTP v. RCV Kutsidya Limodzi

Kuyerekezera mwadongosolo FPTP ndi RCV kumasonyeza kuti malonda a anthu opanga masankho ayenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri.

Kuimira

FPTP kapena RCV, monga momwe zagwiritsidwira ntchito m'zigawo chimodzi, zalinganizidwira kukwaniritsa mbali zoimira. Madongosolo onse aŵiri aimira zipani zazikulu ndi zocheperapo. Komabe, RCV imapanga zotulukapo zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala zolingana kuposa FPTP kapena RCP chifukwa cha kusamutsidwa kwa ochotsedwa. Pansi pa FPTPP, gulu lokhala ndi 15 peresenti lochirikiza madera onse likhoza kupambana mipando. Pansi pa RCV, gulu limodzimodzilo lingapeze mipando yochepera m'madera kumene oyembekezera ake ali olimba kuti apulumuke.

Ufulu ndi Kachitidwe ka Kutulutsa Mawu

RCV imapereka chovota chokhoza kuonekera bwino kwambiri. Wovota angasonyeze zokonda zosinthasintha kwa anthu ambiri ofuna kubatizidwa, kusonyeza chivomerezo cha ena ndi kusavomereza ena. FPP imachepetsa mawu a wovota kukhala chosankha chimodzi. Kulephera kumeneku kuli kwakukulu makamaka m'nkhani zambiri, kumene wovota angachirikize pulatifomu ya kagulu kang'ono koma angakonde wochita nawo mbali yaikulu pa nkhani za kumaloko.

Kukhazikika kwa Dongosolo (kukhazikika kwa dongosolo) (fresponsives)

FPTP imakonda kuletsa kukhazikika kwa magulu atsopano ndi kutulutsa maboma ambiri amodzi. Kukhazikika kumeneku kungakhale ubwino m'nthaŵi zamavuto kapena pamene ntchito yosankha malamulo ikufunika. RCV, mosiyana ndi zimenezi, imakhala yofuna kusintha zokonda za wovota ndi kulola zipani zatsopano zandale. Kungayambitse malamulo ogaŵanika kwambiri ndi kuthekera kokulirapo kwa maboma a mgwirizano, zimene ofufuza ena amazilingalira kukhala zofooka ndi ena monga mphamvu.

Mtengo ndi Kulephera Kugwiritsira Ntchito

FPTP njotsika ndipo njosavuta kuigwiritsira ntchito, makamaka m'mademokrase kapena m'mayiko amene ali ndi udindo wochepa. RCV imafunikira mapulogalamu otsogola ndi maphunziro osankhidwa. Kusintha kuchokera ku FPTP mpaka ku RCV kungakhale kochuluka, kuphatikizapo zipangizo zokwezedwa, maphunziro a antchito, ndi mpikisano wodziŵitsa anthu. Kuwononga kumeneku kuyenera kuyesedwa motsutsana ndi mapindu a nthaŵi yaitali amene angakhalepo a kuimira ndi kukhutiritsa kwa wovota.

Maphunziro a Nkhani Zapadziko Lonse: Maphunziro Ochokera ku Chizoloŵezi

Kupenda mmene FPTP ndi RCV amagwirira ntchito m’masankho enieni kumapereka malingaliro amtengo wapatali kuposa oyerekezeredwa.

Canada: FPTP ndi Kusonkhezera Kusintha

Canada akugwiritsira ntchito FPTP pa chisankho chake cha boma. M'chisankho cha 2019 ndi 2021 cha boma, Conservative Party inapambana kuchuluka kwa voti yotchuka koma inalephera kukhazikitsa boma chifukwa chakuti Liberal Party inapata mipando yambiri. Ichi chinachititsa kuti pakhale mavoti ambiri koma osati mipando yambiri. Pambuyo pake pa kukonzanso kwa mavoti. Mtengo wa Liberal analonjeza kuti adzasintha dongosolo la osankhidwa mu 2015 koma anasiya chikolecho apatala cha anthu ambiri pa malamulo a FTPPP. Nkhani ya ku Canada imasonyeza mmene FTPP imathandizira kuti pakhale zotsatirapo zimene zimamveka zosayenera kusankhizidwa kwapadera, kuchepetsa kwa democracy.

Australia: Nkhani Yakale Kwambiri ya RCV

Australia wagwiritsira ntchito kuvota kotchuka kwa Nyumba ya Oimira chiyambire 1918, kugaŵira zaka zana la chidziŵitso pa ntchito ya RCV. Dongosolo limavomerezedwa kwambiri ndi mavoti ndi zipani za ndale zadziko mofanana. Ovota a Australia ngozoloŵera kupambana mipando yapamwamba, ndipo ziŵerengero zolakwika zatsika chifukwa cha ndawala za maphunziro okhazikitsidwa bwino. Dongosololi lalola kuti Australian Labor Party ndi Liberal Coalition ikhalebe ndi kulolanso magulu aang'ono onga Australian Greens kupatala mipando pamene chichirikizo cha kumaloko chiri champhamvu. Masankho a RCV amatulutsa maboma ambiri, ngakhale kuti kumanganso kofala. Zokumana nazo za Australia zimasonyeza kuti RCC ikhoza kugwira ntchito bwino pamlingo wa dziko lonse ndi dongosolo ndi kulinganiza.

Maine ndi Alaska: RCV ku United States

Maine anakhala chisankho choyamba cha dziko la United States kutengera RCV pa chisankho cha boma pambuyo pa kuyesayesa kwa 2016. Alaska anatsatira ndi kuphatikizana kwapadera kwa Top-FO ndi RCV pa chisankho cha onse. Chisankho chapadera cha 2022 ku Alaska cha Democrates chinali choyesa chapadera. Gawo la Democrat, Democrat, ndi mmodzi wodziimira. Pansi pa FPTP, Aliphabliki aŵiri akadagaŵanitsa chisankhoti cha otchuka, polola Democrat kupambana ndi kuchuluka. Pansi pa RC, chotsogolera Republican anapambana pambuyo pa kupambana kwachiŵiri kwa ochirikiza ena a Republican Republic. Chipambanochi cha RC chikasonyezabe chigamutse chigamulo cha kutsimikizirabe kuchirikizabe kuvomerezabe kuchirikiza kuchirikiza kuvomereza kwawo. Zomwenso zoyesayesa zowonjezera zamphamvu zamphamvu zamphamvu:

Kupyola pa Zochitika Ziŵiri: Madongosolo Ena Opambana

Ngakhale kuti FPTP ndi RCV ndi njira ziwiri zazikulu, ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi njira zina zokha zimene zilipo.

Proportonation (PR) system , monga ngati Chipani PR ndi Chigawo Chogaŵikana Kokha (STV), cholinga cha kugwirizana kugawana nawo kuvoterana. PR imagwiritsiridwa ntchito m'maiko oposa 80 padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo madera ambiri a Ulaya ndi Latin America. Madongosolo ameneŵa amapatsa nyumba za malamulo ndi maboma a mipatuko, zimene ena amatsutsa kuti ndi oimira kwambiri ndipo ena sadziŵerengera mlandu.

Madongosolo olinganizidwa-MEMber Proportionel (MMP) , ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ku Germany, New Zealand, ndi kwina kulikonse, amaphatikiza madera amodzi ndi mipando yolingana yolingana ndi kulingana kwa malo a kumaloko. MMP yalingaliridwa kukhala njira yosinthira ku Canada ndi United Kingdom.

Kuvota ndi Chigawo Chosinthasintha kuli madongosolo ena amene amalola ovota kusonyeza chichirikizo chamitundu yambiri popanda malo apamwamba. Kuvota kovomerezeka kumapempha ovota kuyang'ana onse amene akupeza kukhala ovomerezeka. Chosankha chikufunsa ovota kuti aŵerengere wobatizidwa aliyense pamlingo wa manambala. Madongosolo ameneŵa atengedwa ndi chiŵerengero chaching'ono koma osaphunziridwa kwenikweni kuposa FPTPP ndi RCV.

Kaamba ka kufukulidwa kokwanira kwa madongosolo a pulogalamu apadziko lonse, Internationalult Institute for Democracy and Electoral Aniteration (IDEA) imasunga ndandanda yatsatanetsatane ya zinthu zofufuzira. Aphunzitsi ndi ofufuza angapitenso ku ACE Ectoral Knote [1] kaamba ka malangizo ndi kufufuza za sayansi.

Mapeto ake: Kupanga Zinthu Mwaluso N’kothandiza

Chosankha pakati pa Kuyamba-Past- Post ndi Ranked Chool Si chosankha chauyang'aniro chokha. Ndi chosankha chandale ponena za mmene mphamvu iyenera kugaŵiridwa, mmene ovota ayenera kuimidwira, ndi mtundu wa demokrase umene chitaganya chikufunitsitsa kumanga. FPTP imapatsa kukongola kwa kufeŵetsa, liŵiro, ndi kuyendetsa kokhazikika, koma pamtengo wa kusakaza mavoti, kupotoza, ndi kusonkhezera khalidwe lapadera. RCV imapereka chisonyezero chapamwamba cha voti, zipambano zambiri, ndi zisonkhetso zabwino, koma imayambitsa kulimba kwa kayendetseka kwa ntchito yauyang'anira ndi kufuna wothandiza kuyendetsa.

Palibe njira imodzi yosankhira yoyenerera pambali zonse. Chosankha chabwino kwambiri chimadalira pa chikhalidwe cha ndale zadziko, kukula kwa dziko, kusiyana kwa mafuko ndi malingaliro, ndi mphamvu ya kayendetsedwe ka zinthu. Kwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi, cholinga si kulengeza dongosolo limodzi lapamwamba padziko lonse koma kuzindikira malonda ndi kuganizitsa umboni wozikidwa pa zimene demokrase iyenera kuoneka.

Pamene maulamuliro ambiri akuyesa njira zina zovota, umboni wotsatizana ukupitiriza kukula. Magulu onga ngati Fairvote [1] Falture [1] akupereka kufufuza kosalekeza kwa ziyambukiro za RCV, pamene Ectoral Reformation Society [[FLT:] . [A] amapereka njira yofufuza motsutsana ndi FPPPP ndi njira zake zotsalira. Aakalonga okhala ndi chidziŵitso chogwirizana ndi madongosolo a makompyuta amene amayendera limodzi ndi makhalidwe awo ndi kuchititsa makampani awo kukhala oŵerengera mlandu. Mabungwe a masankho a masankho opanga amaumba maluso a mphamvu, ndi kuwamvetsetsa ndi njira yoyamba yomangira kumanga ogwirizana ndi oimira.