Tsankho la Ukalamba Kuntchito: Vuto Lopitirizabe la Malamulo

Kusankhana kwa zaka kudakali imodzi ya mitundu ya kukondera kwapansi koma kofala kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti zaka makumi ambiri za kutetezeredwa mwalamulo, antchito okalamba akupitirizabe kuyang'anizana ndi zopinga zovutitsa za ntchito, kukwezedwa, kubwezeredwa, ndi kutha kwa zigamulo. Bungwe la United States la Secult Oblodys Opportuty Commission Commission (EOC) nthaŵi zonse limalandira zikwi makumi ambiri za kukondera kwa zaka chaka chilichonse, limodzi ndi mapindu a ndalama zofika mamiliyoni mazana ambiri a madola chaka chilichonse.

Kwa olemba ntchito, zotsatirapo za ndalama ndi mbiri ya kukondera kwa azaka zingakhale zowononga. kwa antchito, kuzindikira malamulo ndi kuphunzira pa milandu yachipambano kungatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa kuvomereza chisalungamo ndi kusungitsa mankhwala oyenerera. Nkhaniyi ikupenda milandu yachiweruzo ya nyengo yosadziŵika bwino, kuchotsa mbali zamphamvu zimene zinatsogolera ku chipambano, ndi kupereka chitsogozo chokhoza kuchitidwa kwa aliyense woyendetsa malo ovuta ameneŵa a lamulo la ntchito.

Kusankhana Mwalamulo Kukunenedwa

ADEA asanayambe kupenda milandu inayake, n’kofunika kumvetsa mfundo za malamulo zimene zimachititsa kuti milandu imeneyi itheke. Ku United States, lamulo lalikulu loletsa tsankho la amisinkhu yosafunika ndilo Agescription in Obster Act (ADEA) ya mu 1967. ADEA imateteza anthu a zaka 40 kapena achikulire amene sasankhana ntchito malinga ndi msinkhu wawo. Lamuloli limagwira ntchito kwa mabwana 20 kapena kuposapo, kuphatikizapo maboma ndi maboma akwawo, mabungwe a ntchito, ndi mabungwe a antchito.

ADEA amaletsa tsankho pa ntchito iliyonse, monga kulembedwa ntchito, kuphedwa, kupatsidwa ntchito, ntchito, ntchito, kuchotsedwa ntchito, kuphunzitsidwa, kupindula, ndi ntchito zina zilizonse.

Kupyola lamulo la boma, maboma ambiri ali ndi malamulo awo a tsankho a msinkhu amene angapereke zitetezero zokulirapo, zitsogozo za antchito zochepera, kapena malamulo atali a kulephera. Mwachitsanzo, California Fair Works and Howator Act (FA) imatetezera antchito a msinkhu uliwonse ndipo imagwira ntchito kwa olemba ntchito okhala ndi antchito ochepa chabe. Kumvetsetsa kugwirizana kwa malamulo a boma ndi a boma kuli mbali yowopsa ya njira yachipambano iriyonse ya tsankho la msinkhu.

Malamulo Omwe Ankasintha Malamulo a M’nyengo Yapakati pa Nyengo

Milandu yotsatirayi imasonyeza kupambana kokulira m’malamulo m’kulimbana ndi tsankho la msinkhu.

Smith v. TechCorp (2010): Msampha Wokonzanso Zinthu

John Smith, katswiri wa mapulogalamu a kompyuta wa zaka 55 amene anafufuza zinthu zapadera kwa zaka zoposa 20, anatha pa nthawi imene kampani inakonzanso. TechCorp ananena kuti kuchotsako kunachokera ku kuchepetsa mphamvu koyendetsedwa ndi mavuto a zachuma. Komabe, Smith anaona chizolowezi chovuta: pafupifupi antchito onse osankhidwa kuti achotsedwe anali ndi zaka zoposa 50, pamene antchito aang'ono omwe anali ndi ziyeneretso zofanana kapena zochepa anasungidwa kapena anaikidwa mwamsanga kuti akhale ndi maudindo atsopano.

Smith's gulu lalamulo linasonkhanitsa mlandu wokakamiza pogwiritsa ntchito umboni wosonyeza kuti RIF inawononga antchito pa zaka 50. Anatulukiranso makope a mkati mwa mamejala amene ananena mawu achikulire ponena za "ogwira ntchito yolembedwa" ndi "kubweretsa malingaliro atsopano. Khotilo linapeza kuti TechCorp's ilo linali chodzikhululukira cha kukondera kwa misinkhu. Khoti linapatsa Smith $.3 miliyoni kumbuyo, malipiro oonekeratu, ndi zowawawawa za maganizo. Khotilo linalamulanso kuti TechCcorp apereke maphunziro oyenerera a zaka za kukondera kwa mabwana onse ndi kukonzanso njira zake zosankhira kuti ziphatikize, zogwirizana ndi zolinga zake, zogwirizana ndi ntchito.

Key ya kubwerera: Malamulo ndi ma RIF ndi malo ofala a tsankho la msinkhu. Pamene kuchepetsa mphamvu kwa antchito okalamba kuyambukira mosapeŵeka antchito okalamba, makhoti adzasanthula mosamalitsa kulungamitsa kwa womlemba ntchito. Umboni wa Statical ndi kulankhulana kwa mkati zingakhale zida zamphamvu kwambiri zosonyezera chifukwa cha kulakwa kwake.

Johnson v. Retail Giant (2015): Kuchirikiza Kuimba

Mary Johnson, manijala wa sitolo wa zaka 62 ndipo wa zaka 18 wa ntchito ku Retail Giants, adapyola nthaŵi zonse ogulitsidwa ndipo adalandira mayeso apadera. Pamene malo a mkulu wa chigawo anachotsedwa, Johnson adafunsira ndipo anali ndi chidaliro m'kutsimikizira kuti adawonadi. Ntchitoyo inapatsidwa kwa wofunsira wa zaka 34 zakubadwa ndi zaka zitatu zokha za ukapitawo ndi mbiri ya zojambula zimene Johnson analingalira kukhala zotsika.

Johnson adapereka mlandu wa tsankho ndi EEOC ndipo pambuyo pake analengeza kuti Retail Giants anali ndi njira yopitira pa antchito okalamba kaamba ka kukwezedwa kwa antchito achichepere. Discovery adavumbula kuti njira yosankha kampaniyo yotsatizira inadalira kwambiri pa miyezo yapadera, yonga ngati "kuyenerera kwachibadwa" ndi "mphamvu yatsopano," imene inagwiritsiridwa ntchito motsutsana. Maloya a Johnson anaperekanso umboni wakuti manijala wa ntchito adapanga ndemanga ponena za kufunika kwa "kutsatira" gulu la akulu a chigawo ndi "watsopano"

Bungwe la oweruza linapereka Johnson $1.8 miliyoni pa ziwongolero, kuphatikizapo malipiro ndi mapindu otayika, limodzinso ndi $500,000 m’chilango. Khotilo linafunanso kuti Retail Giants apereke njira yokwezera yolinganizidwa bwino lomwe, yotsimikizira kuti zinthu ziyenda bwino.

Key ya kukweza: Miyezo yokwezedwa ingaphimbe tsankho la msinkhu. Olemba ntchito ayenera kutsimikizira kuti zosankha za kukwezedwa zimadalira pa zinthu zofunikira, zolandira ntchito, ndi kuti antchito achikulire amalingaliridwa bwino lomwe za mipata ya kupita patsogolo.

Komiti ya FF Railway Co. (2013): The Systemtatic Barrier

Mlandu wa m'kalasi umenewu wokhudza zochita umene unaperekedwa ndi bungwe la EEOC potsutsana ndi BNSF Railway Company inanena kuti anthu ogwira ntchito za sitima mokakamiza mosemphana ndi lamulo, opatsidwa malipiro ambiri a kupuma pantchito ndipo anakana kuwabwezera kumbali ya tsankho la msinkhu wawo. Mlanduwu unaphatikizapo pafupifupi 300 amene anathawa kapena kukana kubwereranso chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo. EEOC anapereka umboni wakuti BNSF adasungabe lamulo la "deo" la kuukira antchito achikulire kuti achotsedwe ntchito ndi kulowa mmalo ndi antchito aang'ono, olandira malipiro.

Mlanduwo unathetsedwa pa $11.5 miliyoni, BNSF itagwirizana kupereka chithandizo chachikulu, kuphatikizapo ntchito yopereka antchito oyambukiridwa, kubwezeredwa kwa mapindu, ndi maphunziro okwanira kwa antchito a chuma cha anthu ndi mabwana pa malamulo aukalamba. Likululo linafunanso BNSF kukhazikitsa njira yauchete, yopangira zosankha zopanda mbali ndi zogamula ndi kugonjera ku ku kuyang'anira EEOC kwa nyengo ya zaka zingapo.

Key ya kubwerako: EOC iri ndi ulamuliro ndi chuma cha kulondola milandu yachiweruzo ya m'nyengo yachiŵerengero kwa magulu aakulu a antchito. Ngati zochita za bwana ziyambukira antchito ambiri, njira ya kachitidwe ka kalasi ingatsogolere ku mankhwala ndi masinthidwe aakulu a maindasitale.

Mapepala a Hazen Co. v. Biggins (1993): Kugwirizana kwa Pension

Mlandu Waukulu wa ku United States umenewu unathetsa mlandu wotsutsa kwambiri kusiyana kwa kusankhana kwa zaka ndi mapindu a penshoni. Walter Biggins, wolembedwa ntchito wa zaka 62 amene ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 10 za utumiki ku Hazen Paper Company, asanalandire ndalama za penshoni. Bignins adanena kuti anachotsedwa ntchito kuti asalandire ndalama za penshoni, zimene zikanakhala kuswa ADEA.

Khoti Lapamwamba linavomereza kuti ngakhale kuti kutha kwa madesiki kosonkhezeredwa ndi ndalama za penshoni sikuli kwenikweni umboni wa kukondera kwa msinkhu, kungagwiritsiridwe ntchito monga umboni wa kugamula mlandu ngati zochita za womlemba ntchitozo zazikidwa pa malingaliro otsatizana otsatizana za ndalama za antchito okalamba kapena ntchito. Khotilo linafotokoza kuti ADEA imaletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa msinkhu weniweniwo, osati pa zinthu zimene zingagwirizane ndi msinkhu. Kusiyana kumeneku kudakali kofunikabe m’kufufuza kwa masiku ano.

Khayiki : Olemba ntchito sagwiritsa ntchito ndalama za penshoni kapena ndandanda monga chifukwa chochotsera antchito okalamba. Pamene kuli kwakuti ADEA saletsa mwachindunji tsankho chifukwa cha ntchito ya penshoni, khalidwe lotero lingakhale umboni wamphamvu wa kukondera kwa msinkhu.

Zitsanzo Zofala za Malamulo Osankhana Azaka Zachipambano

Kupenda nkhani zimenezi ndi zina zimene zinapambana kumasonyeza nkhani zingapo zimene zili zofunika kwa aliyense wolimbikitsa tsankho la msinkhu wake.

Umboni Wosonyeza Kuti Zinthu Zinasintha

Umboni wina wokopa kwambiri pankhani za tsankho la azaka zapamtima ndi kufufuza kwa ziŵerengero zimene zikusonyeza kuti kukonza zosankha kwa abwana kumakhudza kwambiri antchito okalamba. Makhoti nthaŵi zonse amalandira umboni wa masamu wosonyeza kuti antchito okalamba anachotsedwa, anasiyidwa kuti akwezedwe, kapena kuti mwina asoŵa pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa achinyamata awo. Maloya a anthu a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amagwira ntchito ndi mboni zaluso pa zachuma kapena ziŵerengero kuti apereke umboni wokakamiza za chidziŵitso cha masamu.

Umboni Wachindunji wa Animis Waukalamba

Kulankhulana kwa mkati, kuphatikizapo ma email, ntchito, ndi mawu olembedwa, amene ali ndi chinenero cha ausinkhu kapena kutengera maganizo a anthu ambiri kungakhale kotsimikizirika. Ndemanga ponena za "sukulu yakale" kulingalira, "magazi atsopano," "ogwira ntchito," kapena "Kutsatira antchito" kukhoza kukhala umboni wachindunji wa cholinga cha kupulupudza. Ngakhale ndemanga zooneka ngati zopanda ntchito za mabwana kapena opanga zosankha zingafooketse zolinga zomveka za bizinesi yolembedwa pa kachitidwe koipa.

Zoletsa Pakati pa Lamulo ndi Chizoloŵezi

Olemba ntchito ambiri alemba malamulo oletsa tsankho ndi kulimbikitsa mwayi wofanana. Komabe, anthu otchuka akusonyeza kusiyana pakati pa malamulo ameneŵa ndi zochita zenizeni. Mwachitsanzo, kampani inganene kuti imachita zinthu motsimikiza posankha zochita koma, m’njira zina, imadalira pa mfundo zimene atsogoleri a anthu amene sagwirizana nawo angaone kuti n’zosavuta kutengerapo maganizo awo.

Kuyerekezera Ntchito Zomwe Zilipo

Makhoti amalimbikitsa kwambiri umboni wakuti antchito achinyamata amene ali m’malo ofanana ndi ameneŵa anachitiridwa bwino kwambiri kuposa mtsogoleri wakale wa boma. Izi zingaphatikizepo kusonyeza kuti antchito ang’ono anasungidwa panthaŵi ya ntchito, kukwezedwa kumene kunakanidwa kwa antchito okalamba, kapena kukonzedwa bwino. Kumanga njira yoyendera bwino kumafuna mapepala a antchito.

Njira Zothandiza Kukulitsa Tsankho Lakale Lolimba

Potengera maphunziro a kumanga milandu kwachipambano, anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti achitiridwa tsankho la msinkhu ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti ateteze ufulu wawo ndi kukulitsa mlandu wokakamiza.

Mudzalembe Zonse Nthawi Yomweyo

Maziko a tsankho lililonse la chipambano ndilo kulemberatu tsatanetsatane wa zochitika zonse zofunika, kuphatikizapo masiku, nthaŵi, malo, anthu oloŵetsedwamo, ndi ndemanga zapadera zolembedwa. Musunge masewera onse, mameseji, ntchito, ndi njira zina zilizonse zolembedwa zimene zikugwirizana ndi mkhalidwe wanu wa ntchito. Ngati mulandira malangizo kapena ndemanga zimene mumakhulupirira kuti nzauve, zilembeni izo mwamsanga monga momwe zingathekere.

Sungani Umboni wa Pakompyuta

Masiku ano, pa foni, foni, kompyuta, ndi magetsi, pali umboni wochuluka wokhudza kusankhana kwa anthu a msinkhu. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo ma email, mauthenga anthawi yomweyo, makompyuta, ndi ma Hor . Zitsimikizireni kuti mumasunga zinthu zimenezi posunga makope anu pamalo otetezeka, aumwini. Musasinthe kapena kuchotsa mafaelo alionse, kuti kuchita zimenezi kungawononge kwambiri kukhulupirika kwanu ndi malo alamulo.

Dziŵani Kuzindikira Kupereŵera

Pansi pa ADEA, nthaŵi yoikizira mlandu wa tsankho ndi EEOC kaŵirikaŵiri iri masiku 180 kuchokera pa tsiku limene akuimbidwa mlandu wauchiŵeniŵeni. M’maiko ndi malamulo a msinkhu wawo ndi mabungwe osungitsa lamulo, nthaŵi imeneyi ingafutukulidwe kukhala masiku 300. Kuphonya nthaŵi zimenezi kungaletseretu. Chitanipo kanthu mwamsanga ndi loya wa boma mwamsanga pamene mukulingalira kuti amasankhana.

Fufuzani Ntchito Yochititsa Chidwi

Milandu ya kusankhana zaka ndi yocholoŵana mwalamulo. Loya amene ali ndi chidziŵitso chapadera cha kusankhana ntchito angapende ubwino wa zimene munena, kutchula mfundo zalamulo zoyenerera, kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga umboni, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira za boma ndi zachiweruzo. Maloya ambiri a ntchito amapereka mayeso aulere aulere ndi kugwira ntchito pa maziko a malipiro oyenera, tanthauzo lake likadapezedwa ngati mupeza zowawawa.

Chonde Muyenera Kuzenga EEOC Kapena Boma Agency

Musanalembe mlandu pa ADEA, choyamba muyenera kuikiza mlandu ndi EEOC kapena ndi bungwe la boma loona za ntchito. Bungwelo lidzafufuza mlandu wanu ndipo lingayese kuchotsapo. Ngati bungwelo lipeza chifukwa chomveka chokhulupirira kuti linachita tsankho, lingalembe mlandu wanu kapena kufalitsa kalata yakuti "ndiwe woyenera kuimbidwa mlandu" imene imakulolani kuweruza mlandu. EEOC imapereka zinthu za pa Intaneti ndi maofesi akwawo amene angathandize pa ntchito yokonza mapepala a pulogalamu.

Chiyambukiro Chachikulu cha Malamulo a Tsankho la Nyengo Chimaletsa Lamulo la Kuntchito

Makhoti aukalamba opambana amathandiza kwambiri kuposa kupatsa mankhwala a munthu mmodzi. Amasinthanso njira za ntchito. Nkhani zambiri zimene takambiranazo zinathandiza kusintha zinthu zolinganizidwa ndi khoti, kuphatikizapo kuphunzitsidwa mwankhanza, kukonzedwanso kwa ntchito ndi kukwezedwa, ndi kuyang'aniridwa kopitirizabe ndi EEOC. Masinthidwe ameneŵa amapindulitsa antchito onse mwa kupanga njira zokondera, zooneka bwino kwambiri.

Kungopitirira malamulo a khoti, kuopsa kwa kukhazikitsa lamulo kumalimbikitsa olemba ntchito kupenda ndi kuwongolera zochita zawo. Mabungwe amene amapanga maphunziro a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, njira zoonera ntchito, ndiponso chikhalidwe cha kuntchito sikungafanane ndi kusalidwa ndipo kulibe antchito odziŵa bwino ntchito. Nkhani ya zaukalamba imalembedwa bwino, ndi kufufuza kumene kumasonyeza kuti timagulu ta amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana tayamba kupangidwa mwaluso, ndiponso n’ngothandiza kwambiri.

Mabungwe a malamulo azindikiranso milandu yapamwamba. Kulimbikira kwa tsankho la azaka kwasonkhezera zoyesayesa kulimbikitsa chitetezo chalamulo, kuphatikizapo njira zoperekera ku ADEA ndi njira za boma zotsekera njira ndi kufutukulira antchito ambiri. Kuzindikira kwa anthu kochititsidwa ndi makhoti kukhoza kusintha maganizo a anthu ndi kuchepetsa kulolera kwa ukalamba.

Kumaliza

Tsankho la nyengo lidakali vuto lalikulu ndi losatha kuntchito ku America, koma zipambano za lamulo zofotokozedwa m’nkhani ino zimasonyeza kuti chilungamo nchotheka. Mwa zochitika zina monga Smith v. TechColp ndi Johnson] v. Retail Gians . ReLTAIN [1] ku madongosolo osungitsa malamulo monga mlandu wa BNSFRAY , milandu imeneyi yapeza mankhwala oyenerera kwa mikholengidwe ndi masinthidwe okakamiza antchito awo.

Zomwe zimachitika pa zipambano zimenezi ndizo kulemba zinthu zolembedwa bwino, kugwiritsira ntchito umboni, ndi kuimira kwalamulo kodziŵika bwino. Kwa aliyense wokhala ndi tsankhu lokhudza ntchito, njirayo ikuyamba ndi kumvetsetsa zoyenera zanu, kusunga umboni, ndi kufunafuna uphungu waukatswiri. Lamulo limapereka zida zamphamvu kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi tsankho lovuta, koma zida zimenezo zimangogwira ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito ntchito ndi pokonza zinthu.

Olemba ntchito, adakali ndi chisonkhezero chirichonse cha kuwona mosamalitsa tsankhu la misinkhu. Kuwonongedwa kwa ndalama kwa kulakwa, zivulazo, ndi malo okhala kungakhale kowopsa, ndipo kuvulazidwa kwa mbiri yabwino kungakhalitse kwa zaka zambiri. Kupereka ndalama m’ntchito zoyenerera, kulinganiza ndi kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe chosiyana chimene antchito a misinkhu yonse samangoona kukhala thayo lalamulo koma phindu lamphamvu. Kuntchito kumalimba kwambiri pamene kudalira pa maluso ndi zokumana nazo za mbadwo uliwonse.

Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka, [[FLT: 0] chigawo cha Age CEC chimapereka ziŵiya zowonjezereka za kulembetsa ndi kumvetsetsa zoyenera zanu. AARP'''s auniversity chigawo chalamulo chimapereka chitsogozo ndi chichirikizo chowonjezereka kwa antchito okalamba oyang'anizana ndi tsankho. Akatswiri a zamalamulo angapeze kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kwa lamulo la ADEA kachitidwe ka mlandu kupyolera pa [[FLT: 4.] Komiti ya American'chigawa cha Ntchito ndi Lamulo la Ntchito.