Boma la United States ndilo bungwe lopangidwa ndi maudindo ambirimbiri amene amaumba moyo wa nzika zoposa 330 miliyoni ndi kusonkhezera zochitika za padziko lonse. Mosiyana ndi boma kapena maboma a dzikolo, amene amasamalira nkhani monga zolamulira, kulinganiza, ndi maphunziro oyambirira, boma la boma ndilololo lokhalololokha lokhala ndi malo ochitira zinthu zoyendera mayiko osiyanasiyana, kapena limakhudzana ndi mayiko ena. Maulamuliro ameneŵa sachita zinthu mopanda malire; amaŵerengedwa mwachindunji mu U.S. Malamulo a malamulo a dzikolo. Kumvetsa kuchuluka ndi kukula kwa ntchito zimenezi ndi sitepi yoyambirira yokhudza kukhala munthu wodzipereka ndi wodziŵa bwino. Nkhaniyi ikupereka kufufuza kokwanira kwa boma la &x22, udindo wake waukulu, kupenda kumene kuliko, kukhazikitsa, ndi kukhazikitsa kwake, ndi kutsutsana kumene kukuchitika.

Maziko a Malamulo a Mphamvu Yaukulu

Kuti amvetse bwino udindo wa boma, choyamba munthu ayenera kuyang'ana ku maziko ake alamulo: Konsichushoni ya United States. Mafomuwo anapanga dongosolo la boma, kugawa mphamvu pakati pa boma la dziko ndi maboma a boma. Ntchito zapadera zoperekedwa ku nthambi za boma zimadziŵika monga maulamuliro oŵerengedwa, opezeka makamaka m’Chigawo I, Chigawo 8. Maulamuliro ameneŵa akuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa ndalama, kuyendetsa malonda a mayiko ndi achilendo, kulengeza nkhondo, kukhazikitsa ndi kuchirikiza maofesi a boma, ndi kukhazikitsa maopera.

Pambuyo pa ntchito zomveka zimenezi, Msungiko ndi Seant Claus (wodziŵikanso monga Elstic Claus) imapatsa Nyumba ya Malamulo kukhazikitsa malamulo ofunikira kuchita maulamuliro ake otchulidwa. Mawu ameneŵa akhala maziko a malamulo a ntchito zosiyanasiyana za boma, kuyambira kukhazikitsa banki ya dziko lonse kukhazikitsa malipiro ochepa ndi kuyendetsa ndege. Malamulo a 10th Amendment amamasuliranso maulamuliro ameneŵa mwa kukhazikitsa mphamvu zosaperekedwa ku United States kapena kuletsa maboma, ku maulamuliro onse, kapena kwa anthu. Kulimbana kopitirizabe kumeneku pakati pa ulamuliro ndi ulamuliro wa boma ndiko mphamvu yolamulira Amereka. [FLT:] Constitution Anvote . [FLT:]

Kuyesa Kuteteza Dziko ndi Chisungiko

Mwinamwake thayo lalikulu la boma lirilonse ndilo kutetezera malire ake ndi chisungiko cha anthu ake. Boma la bomalo lili ndi mphamvu yokha ya kumenya nkhondo ndi kusungitsa nkhondo, kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mphamvu zotetezera za maboma amodzi. Thayo limeneli limakhudza zoposa kungosungitsa asilikali; limaphatikizapo malonda apadziko lonse, luso la zopangapanga, ndi makonzedwe ocholoŵana a zankhondo.

Makonzedwe a Dipatimenti ya Zotetezera

Department of Defense (DoD) ndilo wolemba ntchito wamkulu koposa padziko lonse, akuyang'anira mamiliyoni a anthu a ntchito yokangalika, ochirikiza asodzi, ndi antchito wamba. Ilo lalinganizidwa kukhala nthambi zankhondo: Army, Air Force, Air Force, Marine Corps, ndi nthambi iliyonse yomwe yakhazikitsidwa chatsopano. Gulu lankhondo limasumika pa ntchito zapansi pa nthaka, Gulu la Nkhondo limatsimikizira ufulu wa nyanja, Gulu la Ndege limalamulira thambo ndi mlengalenga, ndipo la Marine Corps limagwiranso ntchito yoyendera pamodzi ya zipinda zazikulu za zipinda padziko lonse, likutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa otsutsa ndi ogwirizana.

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri pa Ndalama ndi Mpikisano Waluso

Ndalama zotetezera zimaimira mbali imodzi yaikulu ya ndalama za boma. Ndalama zimenezi zikuphatikizapo kugulitsa zinthu zovuta pakati pa ndalama za antchito (malipiro, nyumba, chisamaliro cha zaumoyo), kukonzekera (kuphunzitsa ndi kulimbitsa thupi), ndi kukonza zinthu zamakono (ndege zatsopano, zombo, ndi zida zankhondo). Poyang'anizana ndi mpikisano wapadera ndi mayiko onga China ndi Russia, kusumika maganizo kwambiri kulinga ku luso lapamwamba la zopangapanga zonga zoponya, luntha, ndi ndandanda ya . Nkhani ya kuyendetsa ntchito zankhondo kaŵirikaŵiri imakhudza kuyendetsa bwino zinthu, chisonkhezero cha nkhondo, ndi kulinganiza kwa pakati pa kutetezera ndi kuyendetsa nkhondo monga zida za dziko.

Chisungiko ndi Nzeru za M’dera Lakwathu

Pambuyo pa kuukira kwa pa September 11, 2001, boma linakonzanso zinthu zambiri, ndipo linakhazikitsa Dipatimenti ya Chisungiko cha Homeland (DHS). DHS inapatsidwa ntchito yoteteza zigaŵenga ku United States, kuteteza dziko la ' kuletsa dzikolo, ndi kuyang’anira ngozi kudzera ku Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Bungwe la Intelligence Community, kuphatikizapo CIA ndi FBI, likuchita mbali yaikulu yodziŵira ziwopsezo zisanathe kutha, kufunikira kulinganiza kokhazikika pakati pa chitetezo ndi ufulu wa anthu.

Kuyang’anira Chuma cha Dziko Lonse ndi cha Padziko Lonse

Umoyo wachuma wa dzikolo ukusonkhezeredwa kwambiri ndi zochita za boma la boma. Udindo wake m'derali ndi waukulu, wokhudza malamulo a zachuma, malamulo a zandalama, ndi malonda a mayiko. Cholinga nchakuti dziko likhale lothandiza kuti dziko litukuke, likhale lokhazikika, ndiponso kuti anthu ambiri aziyenda bwino.

Lamulo la Kugula: Mphamvu ya Katundu

Congress imachita ntchito ya kachikwama, kutanthauza kuti imalamulira ndalama zimene boma limawononga ndi msonkho. Lamulo la Fiscal limaphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito zida zimenezi kusonkhezera chuma. Mwachitsanzo, boma lingachepetse misonkho kuti lilimbikitse ogula kugula zinthu panthaŵi ya kutsika kwa chuma kapena kuwonjezera ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira ntchito. Komanso, ingathe kukweza misonkho ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zimene amawononga kuti achepetse ndalama zowononga ndalama ndi kuchepetsa kukwera mtengo kwa ndalama. Kuyendetsa ndalama za boma ndi ngongole za dziko ndizo nkhani yaikulu ya ndale, ndi Ofesi ya Office ya Office ya za [FLT: 0] yothandiza kuchepetsa kupenda kwa moyo wautali.

Lamulo la Mtengo Wamakono: Ntchito ya Federal Reserve

Pamene kuli kwakuti Congress imalamulira malamulo a zachuma, lamulo la ndalama limaperekedwa kwakukulukulu ku Federal Reserve System (Faed Fad), bungwe la boma lodziimira. The Feed' zida zazikulu zikukhazikitsa ndalama za boma (chiwongola dzanja chimene mabanki amabwereketsa kwa wina ndi mnzake) ndi kuyendetsa ntchito zapamsika. Lamulo lake la ndalama ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ndi kuchepetsa mtengo (kukwera mtengo). Mwa kukweza chiwongola, Fed imapanga kukwera mtengo, kumene kungachepetsere ndalama ndi kutsika kwa mitengo. Mwa kutsika kwa mitengo, imalimbikitsa kukongola ndi kukwera kwa ndalama.

Kuyendetsa Malonda ndi Ndalama

Kukhazikika kwa chuma kumafuna malonda abwino ndi ooneka bwino. Mabungwe a Federal onga Secureties and Exchange Commission (SEC) amayang'anira misika ya masheya kuti ateteze ogulitsa ndalama ku chinyengo. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) imakhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kuikizira kuti pakhale malo amodzi ndi kulimbikitsa mpikisano. Federal Deposit Inshuwalance Corporation (FAC) yotsimikizira mabanki, kuletsa ndi kusunga chidaliro cha anthu m'mabanki m'dongosolo la zachuma. Mabungwe ameneŵa a boma akufunika kuti ateteze mavuto a m'dongosolo la zinthu ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito ya malonda.

Malonda ndi Kuwononga Chuma Padziko Lonse

Boma la boma lili ndi ulamuliro wokha pa malamulo a malonda a kumayiko ena. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kukambirana mapangano a malonda, kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma, ndi kuthetsa mikangano kudzera m'mabungwe monga World Trade Organization (WTO). Malamulo a malonda ndi chida champhamvu kwambiri choyendetsera malonda, chogwiritsidwa ntchito kutsegula misika ya mayiko ena kuti anthu a ku America agulitsidwe kunja, kuteteza makampani a mpikisano wosayenera, ndi kupititsa patsogolo zolinga za mayiko ena. Kulimbana ndi mapanganowo n’kovuta kwambiri; kungatetezere ntchito zapakhomo koma kungakwezenso ndalama zogulira anthu ndi kubwezera anzawo amalonda. Kuyendetsa bwino ntchito zamalonda kumafuna kuti anthu adziwe bwino ndalama zoperekera katundu ndiponso phindu lapadziko lonse.

Kutumikira Chikhalidwe cha Anthu ndi Thanzi la Anthu Onse

Chiyambire New Deal Eras ya m'ma 1930, boma la boma lakhala ndi mbali yaikulu kwambiri m’kugaŵira nzika zake chitetezo cha chitaganya. Maprogramu ameneŵa amatetezera anthu ovutika, kuchepetsa umphaŵi, ndi kupititsa patsogolo chisungiko chachuma. Ubwino wa anthu uli imodzi ya mbali zazikulu koposa ndi zotsutsana kwambiri za ndalama za boma.

Kutetezeka kwa Anthu Ndiponso Kupuma Pantchito

Programu ya Social Security ndi programu yaikulu ya boma ndi maziko a chisungiko cha kupuma pantchito kwa Aamereka ambiri. Mwakulandira misonkho yolipiridwa, imapereka ndalama zotsimikizirika kwa opuma pantchito, antchito olumala, ndi odalira pawo. Dongosololo limayang'anizana ndi mavuto a ndalama kwanthaŵi yaitali chifukwa cha anthu okalamba ndi kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, kuyambitsa mikangano yonga ngati kukweza nyengo ya kupuma pantchito kapena kusintha njira yopindulitsa. [[FLT: 0] Surection Administration Office

Njira Zosamalira Zaumoyo: Medicare, Medicaid, ndi ACA

Boma la boma limachita mbali yaikulu m'makampani a zaumoyo a ku America. Mapicare amapereka inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo kwa anthu a zaka 65 ndi kuposerapo. Medicaid, pulogalamu ya boma yogwirizana, imakhudza anthu ndi mabanja opereŵera ndalama. Affordcable Care Act (ACA) AUNISPS yofutukula kwambiri kudzera m'misika ya inshuwalansi ndi ndalama zothandizira anthu odwala. Maprogramu ameneŵa awongolera kwambiri njira yopezera ndalama zaumoyo komanso amaimira mbali yofunika ya bajeti, kuwonjezera makambirano opitiriza ponena za kukwera mtengo, ntchito ya inshuwalansi, ndi kuyendetsa bwino kwa dongosolo lonse la za za zaumoyo.

Zopeza ndi Thandizo la Chakudya

Kwa mabanja amene ali ndi mavuto a zachuma, boma la boma limakhazikitsa maprogramu osiyanasiyana othandiza. The Southal Nutrition Anition Program (SNAP) imapereka chakudya kwa mamiliyoni a mabanja olandira ndalama zochepa. Programu ya Kanthaŵi ya Kuthandiza mabanja a Nery Families (TANF) imapereka chithandizo cha ndalama ndi mwaŵi wantchito. Oyang'anira nyumba amathandiza mabanja kupeza nyumba zotetezeka ndi zokhazikika. Kugwira ntchito zimenezi kumayesedwa nthaŵi zonse, ndi makambitsirano ozikidwa pa chiyambukiro chawo pa kutsika kwa umphaŵi, zisonkhezero zantchito, ndi ulemu wa olandira.

Kuteteza Malo Okhala ndi Anthu Ndiponso Mayiko

Thayo lakutetezera dziko la' chuma chachilengedwe ndi kuyang’anira malo ake a anthu onse likugwera boma la boma. Chifukwa chakuti nkhani za malo okhala monga mpweya ndi kuipitsa madzi sizilemekeza malire a dziko, njira ya mtundu imakhala yofunika. Boma la boma limagwira ntchito monga mdindo wa malo aakulu ndi woyang’anira malo okhala abwino.

Mabungwe Opanga Malamulo: EPA ndi Malamulo Aakulu

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ndiyo bungwe lalikulu la boma lopatsidwa lamulo la kuipitsa. Imakakamiza malamulo odziŵitsa zinthu monga Clean Air Act ndi Clean Water Act . [[FLT: 0] EPA] imakhazikitsa miyezo ya dziko kaamba ka mpweya ndi madzi, imalamulira kutaya zinyalala zangozi, ndipo imayang'anira kuyeretsa malo oipitsidwa. Bungwelo kaŵirikaŵiri limakhala pa malo a nkhondo zalamulo ndi za ndale zadziko pakati pa kutetezera malo ndi mtengo wa chuma.

Kusintha kwa Mkhalidwe

Boma la boma limakhudza dziko la' limasonkhezera mphamvu kupyolera m'malamulo amene amachirikiza kapena kufooketsa magwero a mphamvu zosiyanasiyana. Dipatimenti ya Energy imachirikiza kufufuza m'zinthu zofukulidwa pansi, mphamvu ya nyukiliya, ndi magwero a mphamvu zobwezeretseka. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, kusintha kwa nyengo kwakhala kuyendetsa kokulira kwa dongosolo la mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi zisonkhezero za boma kaamba ka magalimoto amagetsi, mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuŵa, ndi magetsi. Kutsutsana pa malamulo a kusintha kwa magetsi kumasintha kwa mphamvu ya magetsi, carbon prigrace, ndi mbali ya United States m'pangano la maiko onse.

Kusamalira Malamulo a Boma

Boma la boma lili ndi mahekitala 640 miliyoni a dziko, makamaka m'maiko a kumadzulo. Service ya National Park imasunga chuma cha chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe chosangalatsa anthu. nkhalango za U.S. Imayang'anira nkhalango zamitundu yonse ndi ntchito zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuseŵeretsa, matabwa, ndi kudyetsa. Bureau of Land Management imayang'anira madera aakulu ndi zipululu. Kusungitsa, kupezeka kwapo kwa onse, ndi kuchotsa katundu (kukumba, kukumba, kukumba) kuli chitokosoko chosalekeza ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri chotsutsana.

Kumanga ndi Kuchirikiza Dziko

Kuchokera ku misewu ya m’mayiko osiyanasiyana kupita ku intaneti, kukonza zinthu ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma, kuyendetsa katundu, anthu, ndi zinthu zina, kumathandiza kuti chumacho chiyende bwino.

Malo Otumizira Mafoni

Boma la boma, makamaka kudzera ku Dipatimenti ya Zoyendera, limawononga ndalama zambiri m'dziko la' madongosolo a zoyendera. Kupangidwa kwa Interstate Steptate Highway System m'ma 1950 kunasintha malonda ndi maulendo. Lerolino, boma limapanga ndalama zosamalira ndi kukulitsa misewu, mabuloho, mabasi, masiteshoni a sitima, ndi njanji. Federal Aviation Administration (FA) imayang'anira ulendo ndi kuyendetsa dongosolo la zoyendetsa ndege. Zitokosokosoko kuphatikizapo ukalamba wa zoyendetsera zinthu zamakono, kufunika kwa malonda, ndi kutsutsana pa mmene ntchito zimenezi zingathandizire.

Zinthu Zogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta Ndiponso Kulankhulana

M’zaka za zana la 21, kupezeka kwa intaneti yopangika kwakhala mbali yaikulu ya maziko a zinthu. Bungwe la Federal Communications Commission (FCC) limayang'anira maindasitale olankhulana, wailesi, wailesi, mawaya, satellite, ndi tayala. Kukula kwa malamulo a za dongosolo la zinthu zamakono kukuwonjezera kufalikira kwa madera akumidzi ndi madera osasamalidwa bwino. Zimenezi zikuonedwa kukhala zofunika pa mwaŵi wa zachuma, maphunziro, ndi zaumoyo m'nyengo yamakono.

Lamulo la Kunja, Chilungamo, ndi Ntchito Zina

Kupyola pa magulu aakulu olongosoledwa pamwambapo, boma la boma limachita ntchito zina zofunika zambiri zimene zimalamulidwa ndi ulamuliro wake wokha kapena wogawana.

Kuwononga Magazi Ndiponso Kutsatira Lamulo la Kunja

Pulezidenti ndi dziko la' mkulu wa oimira boma, ndipo Dipatimenti ya Boma ikuchita dziko la' zolinga za malamulo akunja. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuyendetsa maunansi ndi mitundu ina, kupereka chithandizo cha kumaiko akunja, kukambirana mapangano, ndi makampani a boma padziko lonse. Boma la boma la ' likhoza kuchita monga liwu limodzi pa chigawo cha dziko lonse lapansi ndilo limodzi la mapindu aakulu a boma logwirizana.

Kusamukira ku Dziko Lina Ndiponso Kutetezeredwa ku Mpanda wa Dzikolo

Kulamulira dziko la' malire ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a kusamuka ndizo udindo wa boma lolamulira. Boma la boma limayang'anira kusamuka mwalamulo kudzera mwa mabungwe monga U.S. Uniggeration Service (USCIS) ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo oloŵera ku dziko kudzera m'mabungwe ndi Borin Protection (CBP) ndi Immigration and Custom Enictivement (ICO). Malamulo okhudza kusamuka, chitetezo cha malire, ndi malo a alendo osaŵerengeredwa ali pakati pa nkhani zogaŵana kwambiri m'ndale za ku America.

Kupereka Chilungamo ndi Kutetezera Ufulu wa Anthu

Department of Justice (DOJ) imakhazikitsa malamulo a boma, kuweruza apandu, ndi kuimira United States m'nkhani za lamulo. Dongosolo la khoti la boma limamasulira malamulo ndi Malamulo . Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya boma ndi kusungitsa malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe, kutsimikizira kuti nzika zonse, mosasamala kanthu za fuko, chipembedzo, kapena chiyambi, zimachitiridwa mofanana ndi lamulo. Machitidwe a Lork monga Chifuniro cha Chilekwanu cha 1964 ndi Voting Rights Act ya 1965 anakakamizidwa ndi boma kugonjetsa tsankho la boma.

Kumaliza

Mathayo a boma ndi aakulu kwambiri, akukhudza mbali iliyonse ya moyo mu United States. Kuchokera ku kupereka chitetezo cha dziko lonse ndi kuyang'anira dziko lapansi' ndi chuma chachikulu kwambiri kutetezera malo okhala ndi kukhazikitsa muyezo wofunika kwambiri wa moyo wa okalamba ndi osauka, boma ndilo bungwe lofunikira kwambiri. Vuto lopitirizabe la kulamulira ndi kuyendetsa ntchito zazikulu zimenezi ndi kusamala kwambiri pamene kulibe kuyang'anira malamulo a boma amene atsogolera mtundu kuyambira pamene anakhazikitsidwa. Nzika, zodziŵa bwino za anthu, zimene zikumvetsa kuvuta kumeneku, n’zofunika kwambiri pa thanzi la dziko. Nkhani za boma pa ukulu ndi kukula kwa boma si zamaphunziro chabe; zili zofunika kwambiri ku dziko la &x27; ndale zadziko ndi mtsogolo.