Kulembetsa kwa Voter si mwambo wauyang'aniro; ndiko njira ya kugawana kwa demokrase ndi njira imene nzika zimachitira nayo mtengo wawo m'kulamulira. Mu democracy yogwira ntchito, ntchito yolembetsa kusandutsa nzika kukhala ndi phande, kutsimikizira kuti mawu awo akukhala ndi mphamvu pa tsiku la chisankho. Komabe mosasamala kanthu za mbali yake ya maziko, kulembetsa kwa wovota kumanyalanyazidwa [1] ndipo nthaŵi zina kumatsekedwa mwadala. Nkhaniyi imasanthula kufunika kwa kulembetsa kosankha kulimbitsa demokrase, kuchokera ku mizu yake ya m'mbiri yamakono ku zitoko ndi ku ziwongo zake zamakono.

Ntchito ya Kulembetsa M’malamulo a M’maboma a Zaudoma Abwino

Popanda kuvota, kulembetsako kumakhala kovomerezeka kwa amene ali woyenera kuvota.

Kupeza Malo Olondola ndi Otetezereka

Kusunga mavoti olondola nkofunika kuletsa kuvota kobwerezabwereza, kuyerekezera, ndi zinthu zina zolakwika. Kulembetsa kumalola akuluakulu a chisankho kutsimikizira dzina la nzika, msinkhu, malo ake, ndi malo aunzi. Pamene ayang'anira bwino, mapepala ovota asonyeza kokha awo amene amaloledwa mwalamulo kuvota, kuchepetsa upandu wa kugalutsa ndi kutetezera kupatulika kwa oweruza. Ndiponso, mapepala olondola amathandiza osankha kusonkhanitsa zinthu [1] monga masiteshoni opangitsira, a baloti, ndi antchito .

Kupeza Njira Yapamwamba Yokambirana

Kulembetsa kumagwira ntchito monga chivoti choyamba. Nzika zimene zimatenga sitepe la kulembetsa zili ndi mwaŵi waukulu kutsatira ndi kuponya chisankho kuposa awo amene salembetsedwa. Malinga ndi bungwe la U.S. Census Bureaution, pafupifupi 93% ya ovota olembetsedwa anasimba kuvota, poyerekezera ndi 40% yokha ya nzika zoyenerera koma zosalembetsedwa. Kulembetsa kumakhala ngati kujambula ndi kuchepetsa kutsutsana pa tsiku la chisankho.

Kupatsa Mphamvu Nzika ndi Anthu

Anthu akalembetsa, amasintha zochita zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za sukulu za m'dzikolo kumathandiza kuti adziwe bwino ntchito komanso kuti akhale ndi udindo. Anthu ambiri amene ali ndi ndandanda yolembetsa, nthawi zambiri amawonjezera pangano la boma kuwonjezera kulowa m'masewera, kupita ku maholo a tauni, kapena kuthamangira ku ofesi. Kulembetsa ndi chinthu choyamba chimene chimalimbikitsa nsalu ya anthu.

Kulimbikitsa Maphunziro a Mitengo

Kulembetsa ku voti kaŵirikaŵiri kumavumbula nzika za chidziŵitso chonena za ufulu wawo, dongosolo losankha, ndi kufunika kwa mavoti. Makalata ambiri olembetsa amaphatikizapo zinthu zophunzitsa anthu ofuna kubatizidwa, njira zofufuzira, ndi mmene angafufuzire nkhani. Ngakhale madoko a pa Intaneti olembetsera amathandiza kugwirizanitsa zotsogolera zovota ndi zoikizira. Maphunziro amwambo ameneŵa amathandiza kukulitsa pulogalamu yodziŵa bwino, imene ili yofunika kwambiri kuti demokrase yaunic.

Zimene Mbiri Imanena pa Nkhani Yolemba Mabuku a M’Baibulo

Chisinthiko cha kulembetsa kovota ku United States chimasonyeza nkhondo ya dziko kufutukula ndi kutetezera. Kuyambira pamene dziko linakhazikitsidwa, kuvota kunalekezedwa kwa amuna achiyera. Pazaka mazana ambiri, kusintha kwakukulu pang’onopang’ono kunachotsa zopinga zopinga, komabe nkhondo ya kulembetsa kopezeka ikupitirizabe lerolino.

Zopinga Zoyambirira ndi Lamulo la Kupereka Ufulu wa Anthu la mu 1965

Pambuyo pa kukonzedwanso kwa dziko la Southern, mayiko ambiri anakhazikitsa mayeso ophunzitsa kulemba ndi kulemba, misonkho yofunsira, ndi zipangizo zina zochotsera anthu Black conchoti. Malamulo ameneŵa analinganizidwa kutsendereza chivoti pamene ankaoneka kuti asiya kulowa m'dzikolo. Pa 1964 ndi 1969, kulembetsa kodada ku Mississippi kunakwera kuchokera pa 6.7% mpaka 59. . VRA imatsala imodzi ya malamulo othandiza kwambiri a boma.

Lamulo la National Voter Britage Act ya 1993 (Chilamulo cha Voter)

Pozindikira kuti njira zovuta zolembera zotsalira zotsalira, Congress inakhazikitsa National Voter Bribatorial Act mu 1993. Kawirikawiri ankatchedwa kuti Mtengo wa Motor Voter, inkafuna kuti boma lipereke chilolezo cha ovota ku mabungwe a laisensi ya oyendetsa galimoto, maofesi a anthu othandizira anthu onse, ndi malo a ntchito opunduka. Lamulo linalamulanso kuti boma lilole kuti makalata alembetsedwe ndi kuletsa kuchotsedwa kwa ovota pa mipukutu chifukwa chakuti sanavote. Chiyambukiro chinali cha mwamsanga: m’chaka choyamba, mafomu olembetsa olembedwa a dala anakonzedwa ndi kuchepetsa kuyesayesa kofunikira kulembetsa ndi kuthandiza mamiliyoni a Aamereka kulowa m'sankhoti.

Thandizani America Kutulutsa Chivomezi cha 2002 (Hava)

Pambuyo pa chisankho cha pulezidenti cha 2000, Congress inapereka HaVA, imene inapereka ndalama za boma zothandizira masankho amakono, kuphatikizapo mapepala olembetsera ovomerezeka. HAVA anafuna kuti mayiko akhazikitse mpambo wa kulembetsa kovomerezeka kwa makompyuta ndi kukhazikitsa miyezo yochepera ya olemba. Ngakhale kuti anali opanda ungwiro, HAVA anapititsa patsogolo maulamuliro a njira zodalirika ndi zovomerezeka zovomerezeka.

Zimene Zachitika Posachedwapa: Kulemba Malamulo Okhudza Zinthu Zachilengedwe ndi Intaneti

M’zaka khumi zapitazo, maboma oposa makumi aŵiri ndi District ya Columbia avomereza kugwiritsa ntchito Voter Relibration (AVR). Pansi pa AVR, nzika zoyenerera zimalembetsedwa kuvota modzifunira pamene zikugwirizana ndi mabungwe a boma (m., DMV, masinthidwe a zaumoyo) pokhapo ngati asankha. Oregon anali woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito AVR mu 2016, ndipo m’zaka ziŵiri kulembetsa kovomerezeka kochitidwa ndi anthu oposa 270,000. Momwemonso, pa Intaneti, kulembetsa kwa nzika 40", tsopano akulola nzika kulembetsa kulembetsa kuchokera kunyumba kwawo, kuchotsa kusoŵa mafomu ndi maulendo a . Zopanga kulembetsa kolondola, kolondola, ndi kopezekapo.

Mavuto Ovuta Kulembetsa M’mabuku

Ngakhale kuti pali kupita patsogolo, pali zopinga zazikulu. Mavuto ameneŵa amayambukira kwambiri anthu otsika, anthu a mitundu ya anthu, achichepere, ndi opunduka — makamaka magulu amene m’mbiri anapatutsidwa m’dongosolo la demokalase.

Zopinga

Kulembetsa si kophweka. Maofesi ambiri olembera ali ndi maola ochepa, ali kutali ndi kampani, kapena amafuna zikalata zimene nzika zina zilibe. Zipupa za zinenero zingasokonezenso njira imeneyi. Pamene kuli kwakuti lamulo la Vong Rights Act limafunikira thandizo la zinenero ziŵiri m'mayiko ena, kuphatikiza ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Anthu opanda nyumba amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu chifukwa chakuti alibe adiresi yokhazikika. Ngakhale m'mayiko ena pamene anthu alemba pa Intaneti, njira zogwiritsa ntchito Intaneti sizipezeka kulikonse: Malinga ndi bungwe la Pew Research Center, pafupifupi 10% ya U.S.

Malamulo a Chikalata ndi Kulembetsa

Malamulo a voti apamwamba kwambiri angapange zopinga pamlingo wolembetsera. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amalungamitsidwa kukhala njira zotsutsa kusankhidwa, kufufuza kwapeza kuti kuvota nkosoŵa kwambiri. Mmalomwake, ziyeneretso za mamepu zimatsendereza kulembetsa magulu osathekera kukhala ndi zithunzithunzi za boma . Zonga ngati okalamba osankha, ophunzira, ndi a mafuko aang'ono. Pa 2024, maboma 36 ali ndi malamulo ofuna kuvomereza kuvomereza kulembedwa kwa mavoti, ndipo maboma angapo amakhazikitsa malamulo a tchaiaitiki amene angachotsepo anthu zikwi zambiri a nzika zoyenerera.

Kuchotsa Matanthwe a Voter

Maboma ena akuchititsa chigamulo chankhanza cha voti, kuchotsa maina ozikidwa pa chidziŵitso chakale kapena kuvota kwa kawirikawiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti kukonza kuli kofunika kusunga ndandanda yoyera, kuchotsa kungachitidwe mopambanitsa, kuchotsa ofunsira oyenerera. Khoti Lapamwamba lina 2018 mu . A. Philip Randolph Institute linachirikiza ntchito ya Ohio yochotsa ovota amene amalephera kuvota panyengo ya zaka ziŵiri ndipo siliyankha dandaulo la mazana ambiri a zolembetsa. Kuchotsa koteroko kumakhudza anthu otsata, kuphatikizapo ophunzira ndi olandira olanditsa nyumba.

Kusowetsa Ntchito Mawu ndi Chibwana

Nzika zambiri zoyenerera sizilembetsa chifukwa chakuti sizidziŵa nthaŵi yoikidwiratu, zimaphophonya ponena za zofunika, kapena zimakhulupirira kuti voti yawo si nkhani. Kufalitsa mapepala ofalitsa pa Intaneti monga mawu onama akuti afunikira kulipirira ndalama kuti alembetse kapena kuti kulembetsa kuli msampha wa boma . Kulephera kulembetsa ndi kuloŵerera. Kunyalanyaza kwa anthu kulinso chifukwa: m'kusankha 2020, pafupifupi Aamereka 17 miliyoni oyenerera sanalembetsedwe. Kulimbana ndi zimenezi kumafuna maphunziro ndi kutsata anthu onse.

Kukhudza Ufulu wa Anthu Olemba Mabuku

Kulembetsa kovomerezeka kwa wovota sikumangowonjezera kukwera kwa kampaniyo; kumalimbitsa dongosolo lonse la democracy.

Ulamuliro Wowonjezereka wa Oimira

Pamene ziŵerengero za kulembetsa zakwera m’magulu onse a anthu, akuluakulu osankhidwa amakhala othekera kwambiri kusonyeza kusiyana kwa anthu. Malamulo ndi malamulo amakhala ovomereza kwambiri pa zosoŵa za nzika zonse, osati kokha awo amene ali ogwirizana ndi ndale zadziko. Democracy yoimira yoimira imafunikira kuti wosankhidwayo aimirire . "Kulembetsa ndi chivotezi ndi sitepe loyamba la kufikira zimenezo.

Kuŵerengera Kokulirapo kwa Akuluakulu Aboma Olengezedwa

Akuluakulu a boma osonyezedwa amasamala ndi mavoti. Olemba malamulo akatsika, anganyalanyaze anthu onse, podziŵa kuti sangakhale ndi ngozi yaikulu. Komanso, pamene nzika zambiri za nzika za dziko zalembetsedwa, akuluakulu a boma ayenera kukhala ovomereza kwambiri ndi oŵerengera. Motero kulembedwa kumachititsa kuti anthu avomereze: olamulidwa amafuna kuchitapo kanthu, ndipo akuluakulu a boma amene amalephera kubwezera zotsatira za kuyang'anizana ndi anthu m’bokosi la bolot.

Kuthandiza Anthu Olimba

Mabungwe a anthu okhala m’dera limodzi, masukulu, ndi magulu achipembedzo amene amalimbikitsa zochitika zolembetsa kuti zikhaleponso ndi mbali zina monga kudzipereka, kupezeka pamisonkhano, ngakhalenso kuthamangira ku ofesi. Kulembetsa kumakhala njira yochitira pangano la chaka chonse, osati chabe pachaka chimodzi ndi chaka chachinayi.

Zolinga Zowongolera Kulembetsa ndi Kuwonjezera Kutengamo Mbali

Kuwongolera kulembetsa kotsatira kumafunikira njira zambiri zothetsera zopinga ndiponso zolinga za munthu payekha. Pansipa pali njira zotsimikizira zimene zakhala zothandiza m’mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi m'malo osungira mabuku.

Mkupiti wa Maphunziro ndi Kudziŵitsa Anthu

Kampeni zimene zimadziŵitsa nzika kuti zikhoza kutulutsa zotsatira zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, magulu a akuluakulu a sukulu za sekondale amene ali ndi mbali za kulembetsa aonetsa kuti athandiza kuti achinyamata alembetsedwe ndi maperesenti 8-15. Makampani a zaumoyo wa anthu, zilengezo za utumiki wa onse, ndi kugwirizana ndi osonkhezera ena, zingafikire achinyamata. Chinsinsi chake ndicho kupereka chidziŵitso chomveka bwino, chogwira ntchito. Chonga ngati masiku olembetsa ndi kugwirizana ndi makompyuta a pa Intaneti.

Kugwirizana kwa Anthu ndi Ubwenzi

Magulu a Grassroot kaŵirikaŵiri ali ndi malo abwino kwambiri kufikira anthu osafunika. Zosapindulitsa zonga League of Women Voters, Rock the Vote , ndi National Association for the Advanced of Colored People (NAACP) zikuchititsa ausinkhu wanu kulembetsa m'masitolo, matchalitchi, malo a anthu, ndi makoleji. Zoyesayesa zoterozo zimakulitsa chidaliro ndi kugwirizana ndi anthu kumene ali [1] kwenikweni ndi mophiphiritsira. Kuchirikiza mabungwe ameneŵa nkofunika, monga momwe kupangira malo alamulo olembetsera kulembetsa kwachitatu popanda ziletso zopambanitsa.

Kusintha kwa Kayendetsedwe ka Ntchito: Kulembetsa Tsiku Limodzimodzi ndi Kulembetsa kwa Anyamata Pasadakhale

Kulembetsa tsiku limodzi . Kulola nzika zoyenerera kulembetsa ndi kuvota patsiku limodzimodzilo (monga kale pa malo ovota kapena pa Tsiku la Chisankho) [1] kwavomerezedwa m'maboma 22 ndi District of Columbia. Kufufuza kochitidwa ndi Brennan Center for Justice kumasonyeza kuti kulembetsa tsiku lomwelo kungawonjezeredwe ndi 5-7 percentes . Mofananamo, kulola kuti anthu 16 ndi 17 ayambe alembetsedwe kulembera kuti alembetse mwachibadwa pamene apereka mbali ya achichepere 18. Maboma onga California, Florida, ndi Hawaii ayamba kulembetsa asanalembetse ndi zotsatira zabwino.

Kulemba Malo Opanga Malo Okhala

AVR mwina ndi kusintha koipa kwambiri m’zaka makumi angapo aposachedwapa. Mwa kusintha pulogalamu yosatsatiridwa ndi kulowa m'malo, AVR imawonjezera kwambiri kusanthula kwa wovotayo pamene akuchepetsa zolakwa ndi ndalama. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa boma la Washington AVR mu 2019, kulembetsa pakati pa nzika zoyenerera kunakwera ndi 10% m’zaka ziŵiri zokha. AVR imasinthanso njirayo mwamakono mwa kugwiritsira ntchito makompyuta otumizira zinthu pakati pa mabungwe, kuchepetsa katundu wa pepala pa akuluakulu a chisankho.

Kulemba Mabuku pa Intaneti ndi Pamanja

Maboma asintha kuti alembetse pa Intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolembera foni ndi kompyuta. Maboma ena tsopano amalandira siginenti yamagetsi, kuchotsapo kusindikiza ndi kutumiza mauthenga, ndiponso kugwirizana ndi maapp a foni. Mwachitsanzo, kompyuta ya California, imathandiza kulembetsa m’mphindi zambiri ndipo imaphatikizapo "Yezani kulembetsa kwanu" mbali imene imawonjezera chidaliro.

Tsogolo la Kulembetsa Malo Osungira Zinthu

Zipangizo zamakono, malamulo, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zidzapitiriza kuchititsa kuti anthu a ku America alembetse mavoti.

Kusintha Zinthu ndi Kugwirizana

Kugwirizanitsa kosavuta pakati pa mathekitale a boma . monga kuja kwa laisensi ya oyendetsa galimoto, mapindu a anthu onse, ndi zolemba zofunika kwambiri . Kukhoza kutheketsa "opanda-lova" kulembera: nzika zingapatsidwe mwaŵi wa kulembetsa kapena kukonzanso kulembetsa kwawo pamene zikugwirizana ndi bungwe la boma. Mapangano amakono osungidwa ndi mapangano olemba zinthu zolembedwa ndi ofufuzira, angaletse zolakwa ndi makope. Oregon’s AVR system, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso cha DMV kulembetsa modzi ndi modzinganitsa kulembedwa kwa anthu oyenerera, kuchepetsa kuloŵetsedwa kwa makompyuta ndi kuwongolera bwino.

Njira Yoyamba ya Kanyamulidwe ndi ya API-Drive

Pamene kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni kukukula, kulembetsa kuyenera kukhala kosavuta monga kutumiza chakudya kapena kuyendera . Mayiko akufufuza njira zosonyezera mapulogalamu (API) zimene zimalola ma apulogalamu achitatu (m’chitsanzo, mapulogalamu a makampani olankhulirana ndi anthu, ma pulogalamu a ku banki) kutsimikizira kuti ndi kutumiza mafomu ovomerezeka ndi ovomerezeka. Kugwirizana koteroko kungafikitse achinyamata amene amasankha kumene amathera moyo wawo.

Njira Zotetezera ndi Zachinsinsi Zowonjezereka

Kudalira dongosolo la pulogalamu ya voti kumadalira pa chitetezo cha ma pulojekita ovomerezeka. Madongosolo amtsogolo adzakhala ndi mfundo zambiri zotsimikizira, njira zoyendera zotsekerezedwa ndi zotsekereza, ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zopimira kwambiri. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, chitetezo chachinsinsi chiyenera kutsimikizira kuti chidziŵitso cha wovota sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwa kapena kugulitsidwa. Akuluakulu a boma ayamba kale kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo ya ukhondo wa pa Intaneti, kuphatikizapo kupenda kopeta ndi kutumiza mauthenga.

Kulankhula ndi Kukhumudwa kwa Anthu Ovutika

Aamereka pafupifupi 4.6 miliyoni okhala ndi zikhululukiro za kulakwa sangavomere chifukwa cha malamulo amene anawatsutsa ngakhale atamaliza zigamulo zawo. Magulu a kusintha akupezanso ufulu: mu 2020, Colorado ndi California anabwezeredwanso ufulu wovotera; ovota 4 Florida anapasanso Demendment 4 mu 2018 kuti abwezeretsenso maferalansi ambiri, ngakhale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwakhala kukutsutsidwa. Pamene makambitsiranowa akupitirizabe, madongosolo a kulembetsa kotsatira kuyenera kwa kubwezeretsanso malamulo obwezera anthu obwerera kwawo, kutsimikizira kuti awonjezeredwe bwino m'malemba a .

Kumaliza

Kulembetsa kwa Voter si chopinga cha boma; ndi chopinga cha kuloŵerera m'zandale. Kuchokera ku kutsimikizira molondola kuti apereke mphamvu m'madera otsika, ntchito yolemba chizindikiro cha kudzipereka kwa nzika kwa munthu mwini. Komabe monga momwe nkhani ino yasonyezera, njirayi siisintha, ndi kupitirizabe kulowa ndi kupikisana kwa ndale. Komabe, malo a mbiri yakale, amakhoterera ku kuphatikiza [1] kuchokera ku Voting Rights Act ku kulembetsa . Mwa kuloŵetsa ntchito zamaphunziro, kusintha malamulo, ndi luso la zolemba zamakono, tingapange dongosolo lolembera limene lili lotetezereka ndi lokhudza dziko lonse lapansi. Pamene nzika iliyonse yoyenerera ili pa marolebuliki, ingakhale yosaimira kwambiri; ikhozanso kuwonjezera.

Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka cha mmene mungalembetsere kuvota m'boma lanu, chezerani nduna yolembetsa .govv trap . Kufufuza za kufufuza kwatsopano pa masinthidwe ovomerezeka a voti, funsani Brennan Center ya Chilungamo ndi [FLT: 4.] Conference of Legislatures .