Kugwirizana Koopsa Pakati pa Boma la M’malowo ndi Nyumba Zotsika

Unansi pakati pa boma lakumaloko ndi nyumba zokhoza kugulitsidwa umasintha chikhalidwe ndi chuma cha anthu m’dziko lonselo. Akuluakulu a boma ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu pa ntchito ya kugwiritsa ntchito malo, kugawira, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo amene amatsimikizira mwachindunji kupezeka ndi kuthekera kwa nyumba. Kwa aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ochirikiza chitaganya, ndi akatswiri a za malamulo, kumvetsetsa kugwirizana kumeneku nkofunika kuti asinthe. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza njira zimene maboma a m’dzikolo amagwiritsira ntchito kusonkhezera nyumba, zopinga zimene amayang'anizana nazo, ndi njira zimene zakhala zothandiza kukulitsa nyumba zokhoza kumanga nyumba zokhoza kukhoza.

Ulamuliro wa Boma la Kumeneko pa Lamulo la Kusunga Nyumba

Maboma a m’maderawo amagwira ntchito pa mfundo zotsogolera za nyumba, kugwiritsa ntchito maulamuliro amene boma ndi mabungwe a boma akugawira pansi. Maboma ameneŵa akuphatikizapo ulamuliro wa boma, malamulo oyendetsera ntchito yomanga, kukonza malo, ndi kuyendetsa ntchito za kumanga nyumba. Chifukwa chakuti misika ya nyumba ndi yachibadwa, makampani ndi maboma ali ndi malo abwino kwambiri ochitirapo kanthu pa zimene anthu amafunikira. Komabe, kugwirizana kumeneku kumatanthauzanso kuti zosankha za kumaloko zingafulumize kapena kuchepetsa kupita patsogolo pa kusoŵa kwa ndalama.

Malamulo Opeka ndi Malamulo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Dziko

Malamulo opeka amaimira chida chimodzi chokha champhamvu kwambiri chimene maboma a m'dziko ali nacho chopangira nyumba. Malamulo ameneŵa amasankha zimene zingamangidwe, kumene zingamangidwe, ndi kulemera kwake. Mabanja amodzi, amene adakali ofala m'madera ambiri, amachepetsa kukula kwa nyumba zopatulidwa pa malo aakulu, ndipo amachotsa mokhutiritsa nyumba za mabanja ambiri ndi mitengo ya malo. Maboma a kumaloko angatenge masinthidwe amene angakulitse njira zopezera nyumba, monga:

  • Kuchepetsa ukulu wa magalimoto kulola nyumba zazing'ono, zokhoza kukwera.
  • Kuwonjezera malo okhala (ADU) pa malo a banja limodzi kuti awonjezereko mtokoma wa lendi.
  • Kumanga pafupi ndi mapageti oyendera kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mlingo wapamwamba.
  • [[ML:0] Kukwaniritsa malamulo a m'magawo ophatikizapo [ amene amafunikira chigawo cha magawo atsopano kuti athe.

Kusintha kwa malamulo kumeneku kungatsegule nyumba popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri za anthu. Malinga ndi kufufuza kwa bungwe la Urban Institute , kusintha kogwirizana ndi malamulo ogwirizana kumachititsa zotsatira zamphamvu kwambiri zopezera ndalama.

Malamulo Omanga ndi Zochita za Kulola

Malamulo omanga amatsimikizira chisungiko ndi ubwino, koma amalola zilolezo zazitali ndi malamulo akale kupangitsa ndalama zomangira. Maboma a m’malowo angalole maprojekiti otsika a nyumba mwa kukhazikitsa njira zopendera, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo osinthasinthasintha a kapangidwe ka nyumba. Masinthidwe ameneŵa a boma amachepetsa nthaŵi ndi okonza ndalama, kupangitsa kukhala kotheka kwambiri kumanga mayunithi pamtengo wotsika.

Makina ndi Zosonkhezera Zandalama

Maboma amatumiza zipangizo za ndalama kuti zithandize anthu kupeza nyumba zodula, monga ndalama zoyendetsera ntchitoyi, komanso kuti azipereka msonkho wosiyanasiyana wofanana ndi wa msika wa m’deralo.

Kupereka ndi Kupereka Zopereka Zolunjika

Manisitala ambiri amasunga ndalama kapena mgwirizano wa ndalama zoikizira nyumba. Mitsinje yodzipereka imeneyi imachirikiza kumanga, kukonzanso, ndi kusungidwa kwa mabungwe okhoza kukwera mtengo. Ndalama zoikizira nyumba za m'dziko zingagulitsidwe mwa misonkho ya katundu, mapepala olembedwa, kapena misonkho yoperekedwa yogulitsa. National Low Inhome Home Coalition ikusimba kuti maulamuliro mazana ambiri tsopano akuyendetsa ndalama zoterozo, kutulutsa mabiliyoni a madola kaamba ka nyumba zokwera mtengo chaka chilichonse.

Msonkho ndi Kulandidwa Msonkho

Maboma angathandizenso bungwe la Low-Inhooting Hoss Created pologar popereka ndalama zothandizira kapena kukhazikitsa ntchito zina m'makonzedwe awo oyenerera a kudziko. Oyang'anira malo ena apanga mapulogalamu awo a ngongole kuti apereke ndalama zotsala za boma.

Malo Otsika Osungiramo Zinthu ndi Zopereka za Dziko

Maboma a m'dziko angapereke ngongole zochepera kapena zokhululukidwa ku phindu ndi opanga phindu kuphimba mpata wa ndalama . Kuwonjezerapo, makampani kaŵirikaŵiri ali ndi malo osalimba omwe angasamutsidwe pamtengo wotsika kaamba ka kutsungula kwa nyumba zokhoza kukwera. Njira imeneyi yosungira malo imachepetsa mbali imodzi yaikulu koposa ya kumanga kwatsopano ndipo yagwiritsiridwa ntchito mwachipambano m’mizinda yonga Denver ndi Seattle.

Zopinga Zimene Maboma Akumeneko Amayang’anizana Nazo

Ngakhale kuti maboma ali ndi mphamvu ndiponso zida zambiri, amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri pofuna kuwonjezera nyumba zotsika mtengo.

Chitsutso cha M’chitaganya ndi Kutengeka Maganizo

"Osati Mu Backyard" (NIMBY) malingaliro adakali ena a mavuto osatha. Kaŵirikaŵiri okhalamo amatsutsa zochitika zatsopano za mabanja ambiri chifukwa cha kudera nkhaŵa chuma, mkhalidwe wa anthu, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, kapena sukulu yochuluka. Kutsutsa kumeneku kungachedwetse ntchito kwa zaka zambiri ndi kuwonjezera mtengo wa zopinga za lamulo ndi zofunika zopeka. Maboma a m'dziko ayenera kulinganiza kulinganiza kulinganiza kwa chitaganya ndi chikondwerero chachikulu cha anthu cha kupeza nyumba. Kufikira kwamphamvu kumaphatikizapo kufulumira ndi kuwonekera kwa chitaganya, kufotokoza bwino kwa matanthauzo la nyumba zokongola, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa mapangano a anthu oyenera kuthandizira anthu okhalako.

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri Ndiponso Zofunika Kwambiri

Malamulo a boma ali ochepa. Apolisi, moto, masukulu, madongosolo, ndi mautumiki ena ofunika amapikisana ndi ndalama zochepa. Nyumba kaŵirikaŵiri zimalandira ndalama zochepa chifukwa chakuti mapindu ake amakhala ochedwa ndipo saonekera mwamsanga. Maboma a m'dziko angapereke zimenezi mwa kupanga mitsinje ya ndalama zopangidwira, monga ngati mavoti ovomerezedwa kapena ndalama zolipirira nyumba zokhalamo, zimene zimatetezedwa ku nkhondo za bajeti ya chaka ndi chaka. Matauni ena atengeranso "Ukuqala" kulinganiza mandandanda a ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito popanga ndalama zochokera ku nyumba.

Kusiyana kwa Ntchito Zaudindo

Maboma ambiri, makamaka ang'onoang'ono, alibe ukatswiri wa antchito ndi makompyuta ofunika kuyang'anira bwino maprogramu a nyumba. Madipatimenti olinganiza malo oyenera amayang'anizana ndi njira zoyendera, kuchedwa kwa mapangano oyendera, ndi mavuto popanga mapangano okhoza kukwaniritsa. Kupanga maphunziro a antchito, mapulatifomu olola makompyuta, ndi kugwirizana kwa makompyuta kumathandiza kutseguka mipata imeneyi.

Ntchito Zolimbikitsa Ntchito Zomanga Nyumba za M’deralo

Maboma oganiza bwino ayamba kutsatira njira zosiyanasiyana zimene zimagwirizanitsa kusintha kwa malamulo, kukonza ndalama, ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu. Njira zimenezi zikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nyumba zotchipa komanso kuthamanga kwake popanga kuchirikiza anthu kwanthaŵi yaitali.

Kuloŵa M’gulu la Anthu Ochita Zinthu Zochita

Kutomerana si nkhani yongomvetsera kwa anthu, ndipo nthawi zambiri anthu amene amadana kwambiri ndi mawu awo ndi amene amangokopa anthu.

  • Mashopu oonera zinthu amene amalola nzikazo kupanga makonzedwe a kukulitsa.
  • Kufufuza kumafunikira mayeso amene amasonkhanitsa chidziŵitso cha ndalama zimene amapeza, katundu wa lendi, ndi mpambo wodikirira.
  • Makomiti a akulu oimira obwereka ndalama zochepera, eni nyumba, omanga, ndi operekera utumiki.
  • Ziŵiya zopangira pangano zapakompyuta zonga mafufuzidwe a pa Intaneti ndi mapu othandizira anthu kuti afikire anthu ambiri.

Pamene nzika zizindikira ukulu wa nyumba zofunikira ndi kukhala ndi liwu m’kuthetsera, chitsutso kaŵirikaŵiri chimafeŵetsa ndi kuchirikiza. American Planning Association imapereka chitsogozo pa machitachita abwino koposa a kugwirizana kwa anthu onse m’kulinganiza nyumba.

Kupanga Chosankha Chofunika Kwambiri cha Chidziŵitso

Maboma akomweko amene amakhazikitsa malamulo a nyumba pa maluso aluso amafikira zipambano zabwino. Makiyi a metro amaphatikizapo ziŵerengero za lendi, mafream opangitsira ndalama, kuchotsa ndalama, ndi chiŵerengero cha mabanja olemera. Kufufuza zizindikiro zimenezi kwanthaŵi yaitali kumapangitsa opanga malamulo kuzindikira mavuto amene akubuka, kupenda pulogalamu yothandiza, ndi kupanga chopereka cha ndalama zowonjezereka. Makampani ambiri tsopano amafalitsa zikwangwani kapena mabolodirekita a nyumba zimene zimawonjezera kuonekera kwa pulogalamu ndi kuŵerengera mlandu.

Kugwirizana kwa Anthu Onse ndi Mkulu wa Opatutsa

Maboma a m’derali, omwe amapanga mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi mabungwe osapanga phindu, anthu omanga nyumba, ndiponso mabungwe a zachuma, amalimbikitsa kwambiri mavuto awo.

Kugwira Ntchito ndi Opititsa Patsogolo Nyumba Zopanda Phindu

Okonza makampani osapanga phindu amabweretsa ukatswiri wakuya wa ndalama zopitira, maunansi a anthu, ndi kuyang'anira katundu. Iwo kaŵirikaŵiri ali ofunitsitsa kwambiri kuposa makampani opanga phindu kuti achite ntchito zovuta zotumikira nyumba zolandira ndalama zochepa kwambiri. Maboma a m’malowo angachirikize anzawo ameneŵa mwa ngongole zoyambitsidwa, zothandizira, zothandizira, ndi kulowa patsogolo m'dziko lokhala ndi mzinda. Kubwereranso, osapanga phindu amapanga mapangano anthaŵi yaitali ndi mautumiki a nzika zimene zimasunga ndalama za anthu.

Likulu la Kagulu Kodziimira pa Tokha

Likulu la boma n’lofunika kwambiri kuti athetse vuto lopeza ndalama zogulira nyumba zotsika mtengo.

  • Kusintha kwa ndalama (TIF) kumene kumakopa ndalama za m'tsogolo za msonkho kuti zipereke ndalama za kuwonjezera kwa zinthu kwamakono.
  • Malo odalira malo amodzi (mapangano) amene amasiyanitsa malo ndi nyumba, kuchepetsa mitengo yogulira mwapang'onopang'ono.
  • Malipiro ndi maprogramu a kampani amene amafunikira okonza malonda a malonda kuti apereke ndalama zogulira nyumba.

Njira zimenezi zimagwirizanitsa zofuna za anthu onse ndi za anthu oseŵera okha pamene zikutsimikizira kuti ndalama zothandizira anthu onse zikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.

Kufufuza Nkhani Zachipambano m’Kukonzanso Nyumba za M’malowo

Kupenda zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko kumasonyeza zimene zingachitike ngati maboma achitapo kanthu molimba mtima kuti apeze ndalama.

Minneapolis, Minnesota: Kuchotsa Zoning ya Banja Lopanda Mwamuna

Mu 2018, Minneapolis anakhala mzinda woyamba waukulu wa United States kuchotsa banja limodzi lokhala ndi malo amodzi kudzera m'ma 2040 Comprehensive Plan yake. Kusinthaku kunalola makampani atatu atatu m'madera onse okhala, kuchititsa kuti nyumba zambiri zokhalamo zikhale zovomerezeka mwalamulo. Malamulo a kukonza zinthu anaphatikizapo kuchotsa zofunika zoima pa galimoto ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri popanga zinthu zoyendera. Umboni woyambirira umasonyeza kuti malamulowo awonjezera kupangidwa kwa nyumba, makamaka zigawo zazing'ono, zokhoza kukwera, popanda kusokoneza zinthu zimene adani ananeneratu. Zikalata za ku Minneapoli zikusonyeza kuti kusintha zinthu kofuna ndalama zambiri n’kodi kothandiza ndi kothandiza kwambiri.

Portland, Oregon: Chigwirizano cha Nyumba Zovomerezedwa ndi Voter

Mu 2016, ovota a Portland anavomereza mgwirizano wa nyumba wokwera mtengo wa $258.4 miliyoni, waukulu koposa ku Pacific Northwest panthaŵiyo. Chigwirizanocho chinachirikiza kumangidwa kwa magulu a lendi zikwi zambiri atsopano okhoza kugula, ndi kuyang'anira mwamphamvu kuchokera ku komiti ya mudzi imene inaphatikizapo anthu okhala ndi moyo wovutika. Njira ya Portland yoyendera yosasintha mwa kuikira ndalama m'madera a m'mbiri ogaŵana ndi kutsimikizira kuti makampani adakali okhoza kukhoza kwa zaka 60. Chigwirizanocho chakhala choŵerengetsera ntchito mofulumira mkati mwa nyengo ya kuwonjezereka kwa nyumba.

Montgomery County, Maryland: Apainiya Oyendayenda

Programu ya Montgomery County ya Moderanced Priced Homet Unit (MPDU), yokhazikitsidwa mu 1974, ndi imodzi ya maprogramu akale ndi achipambano koposa omanga m'dziko ku United States. Lamuloli limafuna makampani 20 kapena kuposapo kuika pambali mayuniti 12.5 mpaka 15 peresenti a mayuniti okhoza kugulitsidwa. Posinthana, oyendetsa malo amalandira ndalama zambiri zimene zimawalola kumanga mayunithithi ambiri kuposa mmene amachitira madera ena. Pazaka makumi ambiri, programuyo yatulutsa mathithithi zikwi zambiri okhoza kufalikira kumadera olandirirako, kuphatikiza nyumba zokongola m'malo ocheperapo.

Mikhalidwe Yomadza ndi Zitsogozo Zamtsogolo

Malo otsika okongola osungiramo nyumba akupitirizabe kusintha, ndipo maboma akuyesa zipangizo zatsopano ndi njira zofikira zofunika zowonjezereka.

Kusintha ndi Kusintha

Kusintha nyumba za maofesi, mahotela, ndi masitolo kukhala malo okhala anthu kwapeza njira yopezera nyumba zowonjezereka mofulumira. Maboma a m'maderawo angapangitse kutembenuza kumeneku mwa kupumula ndi kumanga malamulo, kupereka ndalama zotsala, ndi kulola. Kusintha ku ntchito yakutali kwachititsa kuti anthu a m’madera a malonda achuluke, kuyambitsa mipata ya malo okhala ndi malo okhala ndi nyumba zimene zilipo ndi malo oyendera.

Nyumba Monga Nyumba Zomangira

Bungwe lowonjezereka la zachuma likunena kuti nyumba ziyenera kuonedwa monga maziko a anthu onse, zoyenerera kuthandizira mtundu umodzimodzi wa boma ndi boma monga misewu, maulalo, ndi madongosolo a madzi. Maboma a m'madera amene amagwiritsira ntchito njira imeneyi atha kupeza njira zopezera nyumba ndi kupanga mlandu wa kusungitsa nyumba monga zipangizo za kupititsa patsogolo chuma. Mizinda ina yapanga ndalama zoperekera ndalama zoyendetsera nyumba zimene zimaphatikiza mitsinje yambiri ya ndalama kuti ikhale ndi moyo wautali.

Kuteteza Anthu Odwala ndi Njira Zopewera Kumwa

Kutulutsa kokha sikuli kokwanira. Maboma akutsatira kwambiri njira zotetezera kuti atetezere malo awo okhala m'madera amene akufunikira kubwerera. Malamulo ameneŵa amaphatikizapo kuchotsa lendi, kungochotsa ntchito, maprogramu oyenera olangiza, ndi chithandizo chokathandiza kusamutsira kwina. Ngati aphatikizani ndi kumanganso, chitetezo chapamwamba chimathandiza kuti anthu okhala m’madera awo akhalebe m’malo awo pamene mikhalidwe ya nyumba isintha.

Kumaliza

Kugwirizana pakati pa boma la kumaloko ndi nyumba zokhoza kugulitsidwa n’kolimba ndiponso kovuta. Maulamuliro a m’deralo ali ndi ziwiya zalamulo, za ndalama, ndi zolinganiza zofunika kuwonjezera nyumba, komabe amayang'anizana ndi zopinga zazikulu kuphatikizapo chitsutso cha chitaganya, malire a chigawo, ndi kulephera kwa ulamuliro. Njira zothandiza kwambiri zophatikizana, kulinganiza za mabizinesi, kulinganiza kwa mabizinesi, ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu. Maphunziro a milandu kuchokera ku Minneapolis, Portland, ndi Montgomery County amasonyeza kuti kupita patsogolo nkotheka pamene maboma achitapo kanthu motsimikiza ndi mogwirizana. Kwa aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ochirikiza, ndi opanga malamulo, kuzindikira zimenezi ndi sitepi yoyamba kuli kumanga anthu kumene aliyense ali ndi ufulu, wotetezeka, ndi wokhoza kulowa m’nyumba. Ntchito, mavuto enieniwo, koma zida zamphamvu, ndizo.