Mikhole ya kuzembetsa anthu imayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu pofunafuna chisungiko ndi chilungamo mu United Kingdom. Kupweteka kwa kudyeredwa masuku pamutu kumachititsidwa ndi kuyenda pa dongosolo la kusamuka losazoloŵereka. Kumvetsetsa njira za UK zoloŵeramo zolinganizidwira kutetezera opulumuka akufunikira [1] Osati kokha kwa mikhole yokha komanso kwa ochirikiza alamulo, antchito osungitsa malamulo, ndi ochirikiza chitaganya.

Kuteteza Anthu Oberedwa Mwalamulo

Komiti ya UK yapanga malamulo okhwima odziŵikitsa, kuteteza, ndi kuchirikiza anthu ovutika ndi malonda a anthu, ogwirizana ndi lamulo la democracy Act 2015 . Lamulo losintha zinthu lapambuyo pakeli limathandiza kukhazikitsa milandu yokhudza kuzembetsa malonda ndi ukapolo, kuyambitsa chilango champhamvu kwa olakwa, ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito za boma zoletsa ukapolo wamakono. Imayambitsanso ofesi ya Independent Anti - Scomstery Commissioner, yemwe amayang'anira ntchito ya UK ku malonda ndi ukapolo.

Pansi pa Chikalata cha Modern Slavery Act, munthu aliyense amene amakonza kapena kuchititsa kuti munthu wina ayende mofuna kuwadyera masuku pamutu (kuphatikizapo kuwagwiritsa ntchito mwankhanza, kukakamizidwa, ukapolo wa m’nyumba, kapena kuchotsa ziwalo) amachita upandu. Lamuloli limatetezanso anthu mwa kutsimikizira kuti salangidwa chifukwa cha milandu yochitidwa pamene akulamulidwa ndi anthu ogulitsa zinthu.

Kuwonjezerapo, UK ndi chikalata choimira Convention of Europe on Active Posting in Human Sights [[FLT 1:1] ndi EU Anti-Trafficking Directive (imene ikupitirizabe kusonkhezera malamulo a UK post-Brit). Zida zapadziko lonse zimenezi zimafuna kuti zikhazikitse njira zodziŵira anthu ovutidwa, zipereke nyengo yokonzanso ndi kuonetsa, ndi kukonzanso zilo zokhalamo kwa mikhole yogwirizana ndi akuluakulu kapena yoyang'anizana ndi mkhalidwe waumwini.

National Referral Mechanism (NRM) ndilo dongosolo lalikulu la UK la kudziŵa ndi kuchirikiza mikhole. NRM ndi dongosolo losiyanasiyana limene limayang'anira Ofesi Yapanyumba ndipo limaphatikizapo “maulamuliro olinganiza” m'malamulo, kusungitsa anthu, ndi UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI). Mchitidwe wa NRM uli wovuta kwa mikhole yofuna kutetezeredwa chifukwa chakuti woloŵa m'malonda amatsegula khomo ku ufulu walamulo ndi mautumiki ochirikiza.

Mchitidwe wa Referral ndi Chichirikizo: National Referral Mechanism (NRM)

Mmene Kubwezera Kumapangidwira

Gulu lililonse kapena munthu aliyense amene angakumane ndi munthu woberedwa angapereke chizindikiro ku NRM. Mabungwe ambiri amene amatchula za apolisi, mautumiki a zaumoyo, National Health Service (NHS), akuluakulu a boma, ndi mabungwe a m'dziko (NGO) amene amachirikiza kwambiri malonda. Ma alotera amaperekedwa mwa njira yovomerezeka, imene imafotokoza bwino za munthu wongomuganizira kuti ndi wolakwa, mikhalidwe ya kudyeredwa, ndi umboni uliwonse wa kugulitsa.

Oyamba kuyankha monga apolisi kapena apolisi otchuka NGO-amene amafunika kutchula munthu ngati ali ndi zifukwa zomveka zokhulupirira kuti munthu ndi woberedwa.

  1. Chigamulo Chokhoza kugamulidwa -] - Wolamulira waluso amagamulapo ngati pali “zifukwa zomveka” zokhulupirira kuti munthuyo ndi mkhole wa kugulitsa kapena ukapolo. Ichi ndi chiyeso chotsika ndipo chiyenera kupangidwa m'masiku asanu a ntchito ya kuyang'anira. Ngati chosankhacho nchabwino, wodwalayo amalingaliridwa kukhala wokhoza kudwala ndi kuloŵa mu “nyengo ndi chithunzi.
  2. Chosankha cha Chotsatirapo ] [1] Pambuyo pa kuŵerengera kwatsatanetsatane [1] Nthaŵi zambiri kuphatikizapo kufunsa, kusonkhanitsa umboni, ndi kuchirikiza nkhani ya wodwalayo . Wolamulira wokhoza akutsutsa maziko otsimikizirika. Umu ndi muyezo wapamwamba: “mwakulinganiza kwa mayeso, [1] munthuyo akutsimikiza kukhala mkhole wa kugulitsa kapena ukapolo. Chigamulo chiyenera kupangidwa m’masiku 45 ogwira ntchito a chigamulo chabwino.

Chichirikizo m’NRM

Pakachitika chigamulo chabwino, wodwalayo ali ndi ufulu wochirikizidwa mwamsanga. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo malo otetezereka (makamaka m'nyumba zapadera), chithandizo cha zachuma, kusamala zaumoyo (zonse ziŵiri mwakuthupi ndi m’maganizo), ntchito zotembenuza ndi kumasulira, ndi chithandizo chalamulo cha njira za NRM . Chichirikizo mkati mwa kuchira ndi kusinkhasinkha kwa nyengo (masiku 45, ngakhale kuti n’ngofunika) n’zolinganizidwa kulola anthu ovulazidwa, kulandira chisamaliro chopweteka, ndi kupanga zosankha zodziŵira za njira zawo [1] kuphatikizapo ngati angagwirizane ndi kufufuza kwaupandu.

Ngati chigamulo chotsimikizirika chiri chotsimikizirika, mkholeyo akupitiriza kulandira chichirikizo kwa masiku osachepera 90. Pambuyo pake, chichirikizo chingapitirize kudalira pa zosoŵa zopitirizabe ndi malo a kusamukirako a wodwalayo. Kuli kofunika kudziŵa kuti chichirikizo choperekedwacho sichiri chogwirizana mwachindunji ndi pempho la wodwalayo la kusamukira kudziko; komabe, chosankha chotsimikizirika chimalimbitsa kwambiri chinenezo chirichonse chotsatira.

Kupereka Thandizo kwa Osamukira Kudziko Lina

Kwa anthu amene amaberedwa chifukwa chosakhala nzika za Britain kapena amene akukhala kale ku UK, kukhazikitsa lamulo la kusamutsidwa kaŵirikaŵiri nkofunika kuti akhalebe otetezeka, ogwira ntchito, ndi kumanganso miyoyo yawo.

Minkhole Yosagonjetseka Visa (VHV) – Tsopano Mlandu wamakono wa Ukapolo Visa

Kale ankadziŵika monga Mibulu ya Anthu Visa, njira imeneyi inasinthidwa ndi kutchedwa Modern Slaved Adversicasured Visa (MSV) pansi pa dongosolo la kusamukira la UK. Choyenera kuchita ndi opulumuka amene sayenerera magulu ena a anthu osamukira kudziko koma amene amafuna chitetezo ndi chilolezo kuti akhale mu UK. Mbali zazikulu za UK zikuphatikizapo:

  • Kulephera : [[FLT :1] Wofunsirayo ayenera kukhala ndi maziko otsimikizirika otsimikizirika kuchokera ku NRM. Ayenera kusonyeza kuti amafunikira chitetezo chopitirizabe kapena chithandizo kuti apezenso mphamvu ku zowatengera zawo za kugulitsa.
  • M'nyengo: Visa yaloledwa kwa miyezi 12 poyamba, ndi kuthekera kwa kuwonjezera kapena kubwereranso pambuyo pa nyengo yaitali.
  • Zifukwa: Visa yolola mwini wake kukhala ndi moyo, ntchito, kuphunzira, ndi kulowa m'mabanki a anthu (mogonjera ku malamulo ofanana ndi eni ma visa ena a kanthaŵi).
  • Kugwirizana ndi Lamulo Lofuna kugonja: Pamene kuli kwakuti si chiyeneretso chotsimikizirika cha MSV vV, kugwirizana ndi apolisi kapena kuweruza maulamuliro angalimbitse ntchito. Ofesi Yapanyumba imasiyanitsa pakati pa mikhole imene imathandiza kusanthula ndi awo amene sachita zimenezo, koma kusokonezeka kokha kungalungamitse kupatsa visa.

Munthu Wogulitsa Malo Okongola – Njira Yoyenda Mochenjera

M’zochitika zina, mikhole ya kuzembetsa malonda imene imayang'anizana ndi mikhalidwe yapadera . yonga ngati ngozi yopitirizabe kwa ogulitsa, mikhalidwe yathupi kapena yamaganizo yogwirizana ndi kudyeredwa masuku pamutu kwawo, kapena kulephera kupezeka ku chisungiko m'dziko lawo lakwawo((makolo:0] angaperekedwe [Discretion Sitent Tomah [ pa malo ogulitsako anthu. Nthaŵi zina amatchulidwa mwamwaŵi monga “kugulitsa anthu. Kufunsirako kumapangidwa kunja kwa malamulo achibadwa oloŵera ndi kudalira pa Mfundo 3 za European Convention on Human Rights (kutetezeredwa ku chizunzo kapena kuchitiridwa nkhanza kapena kuipitsidwa kwa anthu) ndi Mfundo 8 (kuyenera ku moyo wa munthu ndi wa banja).

  • Zifukwa: [[FLT :1] Wofunsirayo ayenera kupereka umboni watsatanetsatane wa chidziŵitso chawo cha malonda, kulephera kwawo, ndi chifukwa chake sangabwerere bwino kudziko lawo. Chigamulo chotsimikizirika nchokopa koma osati chokakamiza.
  • M'nyengo ya tchuthi: Chilolezo cha luntha chingaperekedwe kwa miyezi 30 (miyezi 2.5) ndipo chingafutukulidwe. Pambuyo pa zaka 10 za tchuthi chosalekeza, kugaŵidwa kwa malo (Kusatha Kukhalabe) kungalingaliridwe.
  • Mawu ochokera ku MSV: Njira yoyendera mwalamulo imalingaliridwa pa mlandu ndi mutu ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri imagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mikhole imene siikufikira miyezo yeniyeni ya Ukapolo wamakono koma imafunikirabe chitetezo. Imafunikiranso umboni wakuti wodwalayo angayang'anizane ndi ngozi yeniyeni ya chizunzo kapena kuvulazidwa kwambiri pobwerera.

Njira Yodziŵira Zomwe Muyenera Kutsatira Popeza Thandizo la Kusamuka

Pamene kuli kwakuti njira iliyonse ya visa ili ndi zofunika zakezake, Ofesi ya Panyumba imatchula miyezo yofala ya kugwiritsira ntchito kulikonse kwa kusamuka kozikidwa pa kuzembetsa anthu:

  • Mkhalidwe wa Ochitiridwa Chida: Chigamulo chotsimikizirika kuchokera ku NRM ndi mtundu wamphamvu koposa wa umboni. Kapena, chosankha chotsimikizirika chotsimikizirika chingachirikize kufunsira pamene chigamulo chotsimikizirika chidakali pafupi.
  • Kugwirizana ndi Lamulo Lomwe: Ofuna kuthandiza apolisi kapena ofunitsitsa kuthandiza pofufuza kapena kuweruza adzaonedwa moyenera. Komabe, mikhole imene sigwirizana chifukwa cha mantha, kusokonezeka maganizo, kapena zopinga zogwira ntchito isalangidwe. [Fomati:] Chitsogozo cha Ofesi ya Panyumba chingakhale chosatheka kapena chotetezeka m’nkhani iliyonse.
  • Wofunsirayo ayenera kusonyeza kuti afunikira kupitiriza kukhala mu UK kuti apezeko bwino, kusamala koyenera, kapena kupeŵa kugwidwanso. Izi zingaphatikizepo malipoti a zamankhwala, zofufuza zamaganizo, kapena ndemanga za antchito ochirikiza.
  • Palibe Njira Yosalolera: [[FLT :1] Kukakhala kotheka, Ofesi Yapanyumba idzalingalira ngati wovutitsidwayo angabwerere motetezereka ku dziko lake ndi kuchirikiza kumeneko. Ngati sitero, UK idzapereka tchuthi kukhala.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo Posamuka

Ngakhale kuti pali malamulo oteteza, anthu amene amaberedwa m’dzikolo amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu akamapita ku bungwe la UK loona za anthu osamukira ku mayiko ena.

Kuwopa ndi Kukhulupirira Olamulira Molakwika

Anthu ambiri amene anaberedwapo aukiridwa, kukakamizidwa, ndi kuchitiridwa nkhanza ndi anthu ena ogulitsa, mwina anauzidwa kuti apolisi ndi achinyengo, kuti adzawathamangitsa, kapena kuti adzawazenga mlandu wa maupandu ochitidwa (monga kugwiritsira ntchito zikalata zopeka kapena kugwira ntchito mosemphana ndi lamulo). Kudalirana kwa nyumba kumatenga nthaŵi, ndipo olakwawo angafunikire magawo angapo ndi wowachirikiza wodalirika asanafune kuulula nkhani yawo yonse.

Zopinga za Chinenero ndi Chikhalidwe

Minkhole yochokera ku maiko osakhala a Chingelezi kaŵirikaŵiri imavutika kumvetsetsa njira ya kusamuka ndi kulongosola zokumana nazo zawo mwanjira imene imakhutiritsa opanga UK. Omasulira aluso amene ali odziŵa kusokonezeka maganizo ndi odziimira okha kwa anthu ovutikawo ngofunika. Chikhalidwe cha anthu . Chonga ngati kunyozedwa ndi kugonedwa kapena manyazi ponena za ukapolo wa ngongole . . . .

Kucholoŵana kwa Malamulo ndi Kufunika kwa Uphungu Wapadera

Malamulo a opulumuka ozembetsa ogwirizana ndi lamulo la kopulumukira, malamulo a ufulu wa anthu, ndi njira zachiweruzo. Anthu ambiri sangapereke kuimira kwalamulo kwaumwini ndi kudalira pa chithandizo chalamulo, koma kupezeka kwa akatswiri ovomerezedwa kuli ndi malire m’madera ena. Kusoŵa kwa malangizo oyenerera alamulo kungachititse kukana makampani, ngakhale pamene nkhani ya wodwalayo ili yodalirika. Zida zonga [FLT: 0] Association of Imgation and Lawirtyers (ALL) [1] ndi [FLT:] Society ikhoza kuthandiza kutulukira chida cha odziŵa za za .

Nthaŵi Zokhalitsa ndi Zosatsimikizirika

Kuchedwa m'makonzedwe a NRM ndi kusamuka kungakhale kugwiritsa ntchito opulumuka. Chosankha choyenera chiyenera kutenga masiku asanu, komatu, kaŵirikaŵiri chimatenga nthaŵi yaitali. Chigamulo chotsimikizirika ndi chotulukapo cha kufunsira chisankho chilichonse chingatalikire kwa miyezi kapena ngakhale zaka. Panthaŵi ino, mikhole ingakhalebe m'gulu la anthu, yosakhoza kugwira ntchito ngati alibe chikalata choyenera, ndi kudalira pa chichirikizo chochepa cha kakhalidwe ka anthu. Kulephera kumeneku kungasokoneze opulumuka ndi kulepheretsa kuchira.

Kuopa Kusudzulidwa Ngati Kusamuka Sikuli Kokhazikika

Ngati wobedwa saloŵa mu NRM mofulumira kapena kulephera kupanga kufunsira kusamukira asanapite tchuthi chawo chomwe chilipo, iwo angakhale osunga opitirira ndi kuyang'anizana ndi kumangidwa kapena kuchotsedwa. Ofesi ya Home yafalitsa malamulo amene ayenera kutetezera opulumuka ozembedwa kuchotsedwa pamene kufunsira ndi apilo za NRM zikutsala, koma m’zochita, mikhole yaikidwa kapena kuthamangitsidwa mlandu wawo usanapendedwe mokwanira. NRM mwamsanga monga momwe kuliri, pamene kuli koyenerera, kuti iimiridwe pa belo lililonse lomva za kusamutsidwa.

Mabungwe Othandiza Anthu Ovutika

Mabungwe ameneŵa amathandiza anthu osiyanasiyana, monga malo okhala osoŵa, malangizo a zamalamulo, kulangiza, ndi kuweruza milandu ya nthaŵi yaitali.

  • UK [1] - ISONE [1] Ili ndi pulogalamu yaukapolo yamakono (0800 0121 700) imene imagwira ntchito 24/7. Zimapereka uphungu wachinsinsi kwa mikhole, akatswiri, ndi anthu. Zosaoneka zimagwiritsanso ntchito nyumba zotetezeka kwa akazi ndi amuna opulumuka. Ulendo: [FLT:] xtiqueuk. org
  • Chiyembekezo cha Chilungamo -Aunt padziko lonse lokhala ndi kukhalapo kwamphamvu kwa UK, Chiyembekezo kaamba ka Chilungamo chimapereka kufufuza, lamulo, ndi chichirikizo cha mayanjano. Iwo ali ndi antchito amene amathandiza anthu ovutika kuyendetsa njira za NRM ndi zoloŵera m'dziko, ndipo amaperekanso maphunziro kwa oyankha oyamba. Ulendo: thireverse for perst. org
  • [[FLT : 0] Yimani Traffik [1] [1] [1] , pamene kuli kwakuti kwenikweni ndi bungwe lotetezera ndi loletsa kugulitsa, Misa Traffik imapereka zipangizo kwa opulumuka ozembetsa ndi kuwagwirizanitsa ndi madongosolo a chigawo. Ulendo: [[FLT:] kuimitsa tetraffik. org[[FLT: 3]
  • Madeille Trust [FLT :1] - Operate nyumba zotetezeka kuzungulira England ndi Wales akuchirikiza opulumuka ozembedwa, kuphatikizapo awo okhala ndi ana. Amapereka chisamaliro chosokonezeka maganizo ndi mautumiki ogwirizana kuthandiza opulumuka kukhala odziimira. Ulendo: [FLT:]
  • [[FLT: 0] Kalayan [1] -A bungwe lopereka chithandizo losumika maganizo pa antchito apanyumba osamuka amene kaŵirikaŵiri amavutika ndi kuzembetsa. Kalayaan amapereka kulandidwa kwalamulo, kuchilikizidwa kwa nyumba, ndi uphungu wa kusintha magulu a anthu oloŵa m’dziko. Ulendo: [[FLT:]kayalaan. org.uk[[FLT: 3]

Mabungwe ameneŵa amagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi Home Office, apolisi, ndi akuluakulu a boma kuti atsimikizire kuti anthu amene agwidwawo alandira chitetezo chimene ali nacho mwalamulo.

Mapeto ake: Kusankha Njira Yopezera Chitetezo ndi Chilungamo

Njira ya UK ya ovutika ndi kugulitsa anthu yapangidwa kuti ipereke njira kuchokera ku kudyerera ndi kuchira. Kuyambira kudziŵikitsidwa koyamba kupyola ku NRM mpaka kuperekedwa kwa Dipatimenti ya Ukapolo yamakono, yoyang’anira kapena tchuthi, njira iliyonse yakonzedwa kuti ione opulumuka ovutikawo apirira ndi kupereka chisungiko cha lamulo chimene afunikira kuti ayambitsenso miyoyo yawo. Komabe, dongosololi nlosiyana kwambiri ndi . Kuchedwa, mantha, kuopa, zinenero, ndi kusoŵa kwa uphungu walamulo kungatetezere anthu onse kuti apeze ufulu wawo.

Kwa akatswiri ndi ochirikiza kugwira ntchito ndi opulumuka ozembedwa, mfungulo ndiyo kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira: kutsimikizira kuti pali woperekera chilolezo cha NRM, kusungidwa kwa lamulo mwamsanga, ndi kulemba mbali iriyonse ya kuthekera kwa wodwalayo. Kufikira kofananako kuli kofunika kwa munthu wodwaliridwayo . Munthu amene amamvetsera zikhumbo za wopulumukayo, amalemekeza, ndi kupereka chichirikizo chamwambo. Ndi chidziŵitso cholondola, chuma, ndi kugulitsa, mikhole ya anthu sikungayendetsere njira yoloŵera dzikolo komanso kupezanso machaputala atsopano a chisungiko, ulemu, ndi chiyembekezo mu UK.