Chiyambi

Demokrase si njira ya boma yokhayi yomwe imapanga malamulo amene amapanga mayanjano, kutetezera ufulu, ndi kuthetsa mikangano. Pamaziko ake, democracy imaika ulamuliro wotheratu m’manja mwa anthu, amene amagwiritsira ntchito ulamuliro umenewo kaya mwachindunji kapena kupyolera mwa oimira osankhidwa. Nkhaniyi imafufuza mfundo za makhalidwe abwino, mitundu yakale, mapindu, kupikisana, ndi ntchito za democracy, kugaŵira chitsogozo chofala cha mitundu ya anthu yoposa theka la maulamuliro a dziko lapansi. Kumvetsetsa demokrase kuli kofunika osati kwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi okha koma kwa nzika iliyonse imene ikufuna kutengamo mbali m’moyo waponse. Nkhaniyi imafufuza mfundo za makhalidwe abwino, mbiri yakale, mapindu, kutsutsana, ndi ntchito za demokrase, kugaŵira chitsogozo chofala kwa mitundu yandale yaikulu ya anthu.

Mfundo Zachikhalidwe za Demokrase

Ngakhale kuti maufumu a democracy amasiyana kwambiri m’magulu ndi zochita zawo, iwo ali ndi mfundo zachikhalidwe zimene zimawasiyanitsa ndi madongosolo a ufumu wa authoritarianism kapena opondereza.

Ulamuliro Wachisawawa

Uchifumu wotchuka umanena kuti kuyenera kwa boma kumachokera ku chivomerezo cha olamulidwa. Palibe wolamulira, mzera wachifumu, kapena apamwamba amene angadzipereke kukhala ndi ulamuliro popanda chivomerezo cha anthu. Lamulo lamakhalidwe abwino limeneli laikidwa m’zikalata zonga ngati United States Constitution (“Ife Anthu”) ndi Chikalata cha Chikalata cha Chifalansa cha Ufulu wa Munthu ndi wa Nzika.

Kulingana kwa Ndale Zadziko

Munthu aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wofanana wokhudza nkhani zandale, wovota mmodzi; woyenerera kulowa udindo; ndiponso wotetezedwa mofanana ndi lamulo.

Ulamuliro Waukulu ndi Ufulu Waung’ono

Zosankha zimapangidwa ndi voti la anthu ambiri, koma mfundo zazikulu sizingapondereze ufulu wa anthu ochepa.

Ufulu wa Munthu Aliyense

Maboma amatetezera ufulu wa munthu aliyense, kuphatikizapo ufulu wa kulankhula, kufalitsa nkhani, msonkhano, chipembedzo, ndi malo achinsinsi. Ufulu umenewu superekedwa ndi boma koma umaonedwa kukhala wachibadwa ku ulemu wa anthu. Makhoti odziimira okha ndi malamulo amasungitsa chitetezo chimenechi, kutsimikizira kuti nzika zingasulize boma popanda kuopa kubwezera.

Lamulo

M'demokrase, palibe amene ali pamwamba pa lamulo, ngakhale akuluakulu osankhidwa. Malamulo ayenera kukhala omveka bwino, odziŵika, ndi ogwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana kwa onse. Lamulo limaletsa mphamvu zopanda nzeru ndipo limakhazikitsa maziko othetsera mikangano mwamtendere. Mfundo imeneyi imayendera limodzi kwambiri ndi kusiyanitsa maulamuliro ndi komiti ya ufulu.

Mitundu ya Demokalase

Kumvetsetsa mitundu imeneyi kumathandiza kumvetsetsa mmene kulamulira kwa demokrase kungagwirizanirane ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana.

Demokrase Yachindunji

Mu democracy yachindunji, nzika zimavota pa malamulo izo zokha mmalo mwa kugawira oimira. Atene wakale anatengera mtundu wa demokrase yachindunji imene nzika zachimuna zinasonkhana m'Nyanga ndi kuvota pa malamulo. Zitsanzo zamakono zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito ma apendulo ndi zotsogolera m'maboma onga Switzerland ndi California, kumene nzika zingavomereze kapena kukana malamulo. Democracy imagwira bwino koposa m'midzi yaing'ono kapena pa nkhani zina, koma imakhala yosathandiza kwa anthu ambiri, ovuta.

Democracy Yoimira

Demokrase yoimira oimira oimira, yotchedwanso demokrase, ndiyo njira yofala kwambiri lerolino. Nzika zosankhidwa kuimira zikondwerero zawo m'mabungwe a malamulo. Oimira ameneŵa amaŵerengeredwa mwa masankho anthaŵi zonse, aulere, ndi oyenera. Mayiko onga India, United Kingdom, Germany, ndi Japan amadalira pa madongosolo oimira. Ubwino ndi wakuti akuluakulu osankhidwa angasumike pa ulamuliro wanthaŵi yonse, kukulitsa ukatswiri, ndi kuyang'anira kucholoŵa m’malamulo amakono.

Demokalase Yogwirizana

Democracy imaloŵetsamo mavoti kuwonjezera pa kulimbikitsa nzika kupitirizabe kuloŵerera m'zopanga zosankha. Zimenezi zingaphatikizepo misonkhano ya m'holo ya tauni, misonkhano ya m'dera, kugamula mlandu, ndi bajeti yogawira, monga momwe zimagwirira ntchito m’mizinda monga Porto Alegre, Brazil. Cholinga nchakuti anthu alabadire kwambiri ndi kuwonjezerapo kuuza anthu wamba nkhani zachindunji pa moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Democracy Yodziimira

Demokrase ya ufulu imagogomezera makambitsirano ndi makambitsirano asanapange zosankha. Mmalo mwa kungoletsa mavoti, nzika ndi oimira awo amaloŵa m'njira yolinganiza cholinga cha kufikira kuvomerezana kapena kuwongolera malingaliro a anthu. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo majuli, masankho odzifunira, ndi misonkhano yalamulo. Democracy yosankha imayesetsa kupanga zosankha zimene siziri kokha zapamwamba koma zozoloŵereka bwino ndi zoyenerera.

Democracy ya Malamulo

Democracy ya mademokrase imagwira ntchito pansi pa malamulo olembedwa kapena osalembedwa amene amaika malire pa ulamuliro wa boma ndi kukhazikitsa zoyenera zazikulu. Izi zimachepetsa ulamuliro wa anthu ambiri mwa kufuna kuti mapulinsipulo ena azikhala aufulu, oyenera, ndi ufulu wa katundu. United States, Canada, Australia, ndi maiko ambiri a ku Ulaya akhale odemokrase.

Kusintha kwa Zamoyo Zake za Demokrase

Ulamuliro wa demokalase sunayambike ndipo unakula kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, ndipo unasintha zinthu zina, kusokoneza zinthu, ndiponso kuvuta kuti ukhalepo.

Magwero Akale

Demokrase yoyamba ya dziko yodziŵika inatulukira mu Athens pafupifupi 508 BCE pansi pa kusintha kwa Cleisthenes. Demokrase ya Atene inali njira yachindunji imene nzika zonse zaufulu zachimuna zinakhoza kutengamo mbali mu Msonkhano, Msonkhano wa 500, ndi makhoti otchuka. Komabe, inachotsa akazi, akapolo, ndi alendo, kuchepetsa ukulu wawo. Roman Republic (50922, BCE) inayambitsa malamulo osiyanasiyana ndi osankhidwa ndi oweruza, Khoti, ndi misonkhano yotchuka, yomwe inasonkhezera malingaliro a Republicbactic.

Kukula kwa Zinthu Zakale ndi Zanyengo za Kusintha

Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Roma, ulamuliro wa demokrase unazimiririka kwambiri ku Ulaya, kuloŵedwa mmalo ndi kutchuka kwa ufumu wa Relifeal ndi ufumu wa monarchy . Komabe, mabungwe ena anasunga mbali za kufunsira, zonga Iceland Althing (yokhazikitsidwa mu 930 CE), Palamende ya England (yoyamba m’zaka za zana la 13), ndi Switzerland Landsgeinde. Akatswiri a kusintha maganizo onga Niccolä Machiavellill anadzutsanso chidwi cha ulamuliro wa Republiccancence, pamene Kukonzanso kwa Chisinthiko kunayambitsa malingaliro a chikumbumtima ndi chivo.

Nyengo ya Kuunika

Zaka za zana la 17 ndi 18 zinatulutsa maziko a filosofi a demokrase yamakono. John Locke anachirikiza ufulu wachibadwa ndi kuyenera kwa nzika kugonjetsa olamulira osalungama. Jean-Jacques Rousseau anagogomezera “uchifumu wa anthu onse . Chipanduko cha America (1776) ndi Chipanduko cha France (789) chinatembenuza malingaliro ameneŵa, kuyambitsa mariphabliki ozikidwa pa malamulo a malamulo achilengedwe, zikole za ufulu, ndi mabungwe oimira. Kukula kwa masuffragejeni , ziyenerezo za chuma, ufuko, ndi ziletso zaukazi (7776) ndi zachifrenchi (789) zinatembenuza malingaliro ameneŵa kukhala zotsatapo malamulo ndi nkhondo.

Kusinthasintha

Wasayansi wandale zadziko Samuel Huntington anatulukira mafunde atatu a kugaŵa democracy m'mbiri yamakono. Gawo loyamba (120s-1920) linawona kufalikira kwa mabungwe a demokrase ku Western Europe, United States, ndi maiko ena a Briteni. Mphetu yachiŵiri (1940s-1960s) inatsatira Nkhondo ya Dziko II, monga kuchotsapo ulamuliro wadziko lapansi ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa Fascism ku Asia, Africa, ndi Latin America. Mlipoti wachitatu (1970s-191010) wabweretsa democracy kumwera kwa Ulaya, Latin America, Eastern Europe pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union, ndi mbali za Africa ndi Asia. Lerolino, mogwirizana ndi [FUL:] Nyumba za ufumu wa . Freedom House [FF1:], lipoti la democracy, likukhala nkhaŵa yaikulu ya democtic , mayiko ambiri, kutchuka kwa democratic .

Mapindu a Demokrase

Maboma olanda dziko amapereka mapindu enieni amene amathandizira ku ubwino wa anthu, bata, ndi kukhupuka.

  • Umboni ndi Transparency: [[FLT :1] Akuluakulu ozengedwa ayenera kuyankha kwa anthu onse. Makampani aulere, kufufuza kwaumwini, ndi zipani zotsutsa zimavumbula ziphuphu ndi kusayenerera.
  • Kuchinjirizidwa kwa Ufulu: Malamulo, zikalata za ufulu, ndi makhoti odziimira paokha amatetezera ufulu wa kulankhula, kusindikiza, chipembedzo, ndi kusonkhana, kuchepetsa upandu wa kuponderezedwa kwa boma.
  • Kupititsa Kumodzi kwa Mtendere kwa Mphamvu: Zisankho zimapereka njira yopanda chiwawa ya kusintha atsogoleri ndi madongosolo. Mademocrac samenyana kaŵirikaŵiri . Kupeza kwawo kudziŵika monga nthanthi ya mtendere ya democracy.
  • Kukula kwa chuma: Democracy yogwirizana imalimbikitsa malo a malonda abwinopo, kutetezera zoyenera za katundu, ndi kuikizira maphunziro ndi ziwiya, kuchititsa kukula kwa nthaŵi yaitali.
  • Chiweruzo cha ezachuma: Madongosolo a democracy amavomereza kwambiri zosoŵa za magulu opatulidwa, kupititsa patsogolo malamulo amene amachepetsa kusalingana ndi ena ndi kuwonjezera kuthekera kwa zaumoyo, maphunziro, ndi nyumba.
  • Chitaganya: Democracy imalimbikitsa kutengamo mbali m’zachikhalidwe, zimene zimapanga likulu la kakhalidwe ka anthu ndi lingaliro la kugawana thayo kaamba ka ubwino wa onse.

Mavuto a Demokrase

Kuzungulira dziko lonse, maboma a demokalase amasokonezeka ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi boma la demokalase.

Ziphuphu

Akuluakulu a boma akagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo kuti apeze phindu, kukhulupirira ziphuphu kukhoza kuwonongeka m’mabungwe osiyanasiyana: ziphuphu, kubisa, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama mwankhanza. Zimafooketsa mfundo yakuti anthu olemera azilingana pa ndale polola kuti anthu agule zinthu. Maboma ambiri achinyengo amalephera kuvota ndiponso amalephera kulamulira bwino.

Kusintha kwa Ndale zadziko

Magawano aakulu pakati pa zipani za ndale ndi magulu a malingaliro angayambitse zigaŵenga za malamulo, kusagwirizana kwa mayanjano, ndi kusweka kwa malamulo.

Kunyalanyaza ndi Kutengamo Mbali Mochepa

Kutsika kwa dziko kaŵirikaŵiri kumayambukira achichepere, osauka, ndi ocheperapo, malamulo onyalanyaza zinthu zofunika.

Kukayikira ndi Kusadziŵa Zinthu

Kufalikira kwa nkhani zabodza pa Intaneti kwachititsa kuti anthu ambiri asamafune kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a demokalase.

Kupopera ndi Kuchirikiza Chidemokrase

Atsogoleri a oimba nyimbo za populist amene amati amaimira “anthu a" ndi otsutsa apamwamba kaŵirikaŵiri macheke ndi malingana, ma jadiary, wailesi ya kanema, ndi ufulu waung'ono. Pamene kuli kwakuti angapambane zisankho, zochita zawo zingachotse demokrase kumbuyo. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo zoyesayesa za kutsutsa makhoti odziimira paokha, kuchotsapo chitsutso, ndi kuika maganizo pa ulamuliro. Malinga ndi ntchito ya Democracy (VVFM:1], chiŵerengero cha ma democracy cha ma democracy chatha zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi maiko ambiri amene akumana ndi “kusintha kwapadera.

Kusalingana kwa Chuma

Kuchuluka kwa chuma kumasokoneza ulingana wandale. Olemera ali ndi mwayi wolankhula ndi andale, kukopa anzawo, ndi kufalitsa nkhani, zomwe zimawathandiza kupanga malamulo opindulitsa.

Mmene Demokalase Imagwirira Ntchito: Mabungwe ndi Zochita Zawo Zofunika

Kumvetsa mmene demokalase imagwirira ntchito kumathandiza nzika kuzindikira mbali yake ndi mphamvu za dongosolo.

Mmene Zinthu Zimayendera

Chisankho ndicho maziko a kuŵerengera ndi kutsimikizira kwa demokalase. Kachitidwe kake kamaphatikizapo: kulembetsa kwa wovota (kutsimikizira kokha kuti nzika zayenerera kuvota); ndawala (malo amene zipani ndi oyembekezera kupereka mapulatifomu awo); kuvota (mwachinsinsi kuletsa kukakamiza); kuŵerengera ndi kutsimikizira; ndi chilengezo cha zotulukapo. Masankho aufulu ndi abwino amafuna maodaleshoni odzisankhira okha, kupezeka ku malo oonera, ndi kutetezera ku chinyengo kapena ku chiwopsezo. Madesikito ambiri amagwiritsiranso ntchito kuimira kwa ndandanda, kusanthula kwapadera, kapena madongosolo osiyanasiyana kutembenuzira mavoti m'mipoti.

Kupatukana kwa Mphamvu

Kuletsa nthambi iliyonse ya boma kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri, ya demokrase kukhala yogaŵikana ulamuliro pakati pa akuluakulu (malamulo a boma), malamulo a boma (mapanga malamulo), ndi chiweruzo (malongosoledwe a malamulo). Kupatukana kumeneku, limodzi ndi macheke ndi malingana, kumatsimikizira kuti nthambi iliyonse ikhoza kuchepetsa ina. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba yokhazikitsa malamulo ingapose oweruza ogonjera ku chivomerezo cha lamulo, ndipo oweruza angaike malamulo oswa malamulowo.

Anthu a M’dzikomo ndi Magulu Ofuna Kusangalatsa

Kusiyapo boma, chitaganya chachitukuko chachitukuko . kuphatikizapo mabungwe a boma, makampani a malonda, mayanjano a akatswiri, ndi magulu a anthu . Chimachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'kuthandiza anthu kuvomereza, kuŵerengera mphamvu, ndi kupereka mautumiki. Magulu achidwi amalandira kaamba ka zochititsa zenizeni, pamene kuli kwakuti mabungwe oyang’anira amayang’anira kachitidwe ka boma ndi kudziŵitsa anthu.

Manyuzipepala Opanda Mabomba ndi Zoulutsira Nkhani

Masheya aulere ndiponso odziimira paokha amatchedwa “chigawo chachinayi” chifukwa chakuti amavumbula nkhanza, amadziŵitsa nzika, ndipo amapereka malo operekera ndemanga za anthu. Kufufuza manyuzipepala n’kofunika kwambiri povumbula ziphuphu ndi kuchititsa atsogoleri kuŵerengera. M'mademokrase ambiri, mautumiki a wailesi ya anthu (monga BBC) cholinga chake n’kupereka nkhani zopanda tsankho, pamene mapulogalamu achinsinsi amapereka malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Kukwera kwa makompyuta kwa zinthu zongopeka ndi kuyambitsa mavuto a nkhani zabodza ndi zipinda zonena zachinsinsi.

Ulaliki ndi Ulamuliro wa Chilamulo

Makhoti m'boma la demokrase ayenera kukhala omasuka ku chitsenderezo cha ndale zadziko. Iwo amaphatikizapo kumasulira malamulo, kukhazikitsa zitsutso, kutetezera zoyenera za boma, ndi kutsimikizira kuti zochita za boma zikhalebe m’miyambo. Kupenda mlandu kulola makhoti kuweruza malamulo osagwirizana ndi malamulo. Kusankha oweruza mwa njira zoonekeratu ndi kuwatetezera kuchotsa tsankho lawo.

Ntchito ya Nzika m’Demokrase

Democracy si maseŵera owonerera, imafunikira kukhala ndi phande lokangalika, lodziŵa bwino kwa nzika zake kuti zikhale zathanzi.

Kusankha

Kuimba kuli mbali yaikulu ya demokalase. Nzika ziyenera kulembetsa, ofufuza ndi nkhani, ndi kuponya mavoti awo pa masankho alionse . malo, chigawo, ndi dziko. Ziŵerengero za ku Turnout zimasiyana pakati pa maiko; m'maiko okhala ndi mavoti okakamiza monga Australia, kutuluka kupitirira 90%, pamene ku United States kumayandikira 60% ya masankho a pulezidenti. Njira za kuŵeruka zipangidwa ndi zigamu zoimira zochepa za anthu.

Maphunziro Abwino

Kuzindikira mmene boma limagwirira ntchito, ufulu umene uli wotetezeredwa, ndi mmene angaloŵerere m’zochitika za ndale zadziko nkofunika. Masukulu, malaibulale, ndi mabungwe achitaganya ali ndi thayo la kuphunzitsa chidziŵitso cha boma ndi malingaliro osuliza.

Kukhalabe Wodziŵa

Anthu otchuka amadalira pa ovota odziŵa bwino. Nzika ziyenera kufunafuna magwero odalirika a nkhani, kuŵerenga kupyola mitu yankhani, ndi kutsimikizira chidziŵitso asanagawitse za icho. Kuphatikizapo aja amene amatsutsa zikhulupiriro zawo ndi amene amakulitsa chifundo ndi kumvetsetsa bwino nkhani zovuta.

Kutsutsa ndi Kulangiza Mwamtendere

Pamene malamulo kapena malamulo ali osalungama, nzika zimakhala ndi kuyenera kwa kusonkhana, kupempha, ndi kutsutsa mwamtendere. Mbiri imasonyeza kuti udzu umayambitsa madongosolo [1] kuyambira ku United States mpaka ku gulu la Unistationalisty ku Poland . Ndawala za kutembenuza mademokalase. Kulemba makalata, ndi kulankhulana ndi akuluakulu osankhidwa kumakhudzanso kupanga zosankha.

Kuthamangira Ofesi ndi Utumiki Wapoyera

Imodzi ya njira zachindunji kwambiri zopangira ulamuliro ndiyo kukhala woyenerera kulowa m'maofesi a boma. Mademokrase ambiri ali ndi njira zolimbikitsira nzika wamba kuyendetsa, kuphatikizapo malamulo a ndawala ndi malamulo a zachuma. Kutumikira pa mabungwe a sukulu a m'dzikolo, mabungwe a m'mizinda, kapena makomiti a mabungwe a boma kumaperekanso mwaŵi wa kupereka popanda kufuna udindo wa dziko.

Kumaliza

Democracy ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri, yosinthira zinthu imene imadalira pa kukhalamo ndi phande kwa nzika zodziŵa, mabungwe amphamvu, ndi chikhalidwe cha kulolera ndi kukambitsirana. Pamene kuli kwakuti imayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu . kuphatikizapo kuchotsa ufulu wathu, kugaŵana, ndi kubwerera m'zademokrase , ndi malamulo a ulamuliro wandale, ndi malamulo a democracy adakali ofunika kwambiri kuposa kale. Kuphunzitsa ndi kuphunzira za demokrase sikuli ntchito yongochita mwauleresi; kuli kutsimikiza kutetezera ndi kuwongolera madongosolo amene amatetezera ufulu wathu. Monga momwe Malamulo a Mitundu [FLT] [FLD:1] amaneneratu za ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu waukulu. Udindo la kuchirikiza democracycy ndi kumvetsetsa mmene amachitira ntchito ya democracy, ndi kutsimikizira kuti boma likhoza kubweretsanso kudzetsa mtendere, ndi kupambana, ndi kuchirikiza ufulu wonse, chifukwa cha ufulu wonse.