Kodi Kuvomereza Chiŵeniŵeni Nchiyani?

Kutsutsana kwa boma ndi njira yalamulo imene imathetsa mikangano yachinsinsi m’khoti. Ilo limakhudza nkhani zambiri monga ngati kuswa pangano, kuvulaza munthu, mikangano ya katundu, mikangano ya ntchito, ndi kusagwirizana kwa malonda. Mosiyana ndi milandu ya upandu, kumene boma limaimba mlandu munthu chifukwa choswa lamulo, kutsutsa kwa boma kumaphatikizapo anthu achinsinsi / ozengedwa mlandu / ozengedwa mlandu ndi oimbidwa mlandu.

Njirayo imalamulidwa ndi malamulo a procederal . "" ndikuti ndi bwino kudziŵa mmene milandu imasinthira kuchokera ku kuyamba kugamulidwa kufika ku chigamulo. Kumvetsetsa malamulo ameneŵa nkofunika kwa aliyense woloŵetsedwamo kapena kuphunzira dongosolo la zamalamulo, monga momwe kuvomereza kwalamulo kuliri maziko a chigamulo cha mkangano waumwini ku United States. Kaya ndinu mwini wa bizinesi, munthu amene akulingalira kuzengedwa mlandu, kapena wophunzira, kudziŵa masitepeto oloŵetsedwamo kungakuthandizeni kuwongolera luso ndi kuyembekezera nthaŵi, mtengo, ndi kuyesayesa kofunikira.

Njira Zofunika Zodziŵira za M’chiŵeniŵeni

Ulendo woyendera anthu a m'dzikolo umatsatira mbali zosiyanasiyana, iliyonse imakhala ndi zofunika ndiponso mfundo zofunikira. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yeniyeni ndi njira zoyendera zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malire ndi mtundu wa malo, njira zake zazikulu n’zogwirizana. Pansipa ndi kusweka kwa malo alionse, kuyambira pa zochitika zoyambira prefini mpaka zimene zingachitike.

Kutsekera Malo: Kumanga Nyumba

Asanaikidwe mlandu, maphwandowo nthaŵi zambiri amachita ntchito zopereka ndalama asanaikidwe pabwalo. Mbali imeneyi ndi yovuta chifukwa mikangano yambiri ingathetsedwe popanda kuloŵererapo m’khoti, kusungitsa nthaŵi ndi ndalama. Masitepe ofala a pasadakhale:

  • [[FLT: 0] Makalata a Chikalata -Awake othekera amatumiza kalata yachilolezo kwa gulu lotsutsana ndi kupempha mankhwala apadera (m' lekuatiso, kulipirira ngongole kapena kubwezera kwa khalidwe lovulaza).
  • [[NT:0] Kukambitsirana ndi Kuthetsa [[FL:1] – Attorney kapena maguluwo ayesa kufikira pangano lovomerezeka mwa kulankhulana kwachindunji.
  • Katenate Dispute Resolution (ADR) ] – makhoti ambiri amafuna kapena kulimbikitsa kutumiza kapena kutumiza munthu asanayambitse pulogalamu. Mediation imaphatikizapo gulu lachitatu losaloŵerera limene limatheketsa kukambirana; kugamula kogwirizana kumachititsa chigamulo chogwirizana ndi woyendetsa milandu.
  • Kuyang'ana pa Zopinga Chekezera [1] - Mawu alionse a boma ali ndi deti limene mlandu uyenera kusungidwa. Kulephera kuchitapo kanthu mkati mwa nyengo ino kungachinjirize kotheratu chinenezo. Malamulo ofala a malire amayambira pa zaka imodzi mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, kudalira pa mtundu wa zonena ndi lamulo la boma.
  • Kusunga kwa kusungidwa kwa zinthu – Paritis zimayembekezeredwa kusunga zikalata zoyenerera, chidziŵitso chamagetsi, ndi umboni wina umene unkayembekezeredwa. Kulephera kuchita zimenezo kungatsogolere ku zidzudzulo za kuchotsa.

Kuchotsapo si chinthu chofunikira pazochitika zonse, koma pafupifupi nthaŵi zonse n’koyenera.

Kuthetsa Kudandaula

Njira yovomerezeka ikuyamba pamene chojambulacho chijambula [[FT:0] collett ndi khoti loyenerera. Chikalatachi chimagwira ntchito monga kuchonderera koyamba ndipo kuyenera kukhala:

  • Juridiction ndi Venue [1] + MPuro yolongosola chifukwa chake khoti lili ndi ulamuliro pamlandu (m., ulamuliro kapena nkhani ya boma) ndi chifukwa chake bwalo lamilandu losankhidwa lili malo oyenerera.
  • Chisonyezero cha Zowonadi – A nkhani yomveka, yachidule ya zochitika zimene zimadzutsa chinenezo.
  • Zinenezo za Malamulo [1] - Zifukwa zenizeni za ntchito (m' lekuatiso, kunyalanyaza, kuswa pangano, chinyengo) ndi maziko alamulo a chilichonse.
  • Certist for Perung – chimene mtsogoleri amafunafuna: zivulazo za ndalama, lamulo, chiweruzo cha kuchotsa, kapena mankhwala ena.

Mlanduwo uyenera kulembedwa mwadongosolo; makhoti angatsutse milanduyo ngati milanduyo siikugwirizana ndi malamulo a boma.

Pampambowu, womasulirayo angapangenso mphamvu ya lamulo loletsa kwakanthaŵi (TRO) [1] kapena lamulo lotsegulirapo [1] ngati kuli kofunika mwamsanga kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa cholakwa chisanamveke bwino.

Kuthandiza

Pambuyo pomaliza kudandaulako, woyang'anira ayenera kupereka kope la maitanidwe ndi kudandaula kwa woimbidwa mlandu. Izi zimadziŵika monga nkhoswe ya ntchito . Utumiki woyenera ndi pulogalamu yoyenerera yalamulo yofunikira . popanda ilo, khoti silingapereke ulamuliro waumwini pa woimbidwa mlandu.

Njira za utumiki zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malamulo a boma koma nthaŵi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

  • Utumiki waumwini -A server imapatsa zikalatazo kwa woimbidwa mlandu.
  • Utumiki wolembedwa – kusiya zikalata ndi munthu wathayo panyumba kapena bizinesi ya woimbidwa mlandu, kutsatiridwa ndi kutumiza makalata.
  • Kuthandiza ndi Mail – Maboma ena amalola utumiki kupyolera mwa positi yovomerezeka, lisiti yobwerera yopemphedwa.
  • Chikalata chofalitsidwa [ – chagwiritsiridwa ntchito pamene malo a woimbidwa mlandu sadziŵika; chidziŵitso chikufalitsidwa m’nyuzipepala.

Woyang’anira ayenera kulemba chitsimikiziro cha utumiki ndi khoti. Ngati utumiki sumalizidwa mkati mwa nthaŵi yoikika (kaŵirikaŵiri masiku 90), mlandu ungatha popanda tsankhu. Oimbidwa mlandu ambiri adzasaina mwauver ya utumiki [ kuti apeŵe mtengo wa utumiki wanthaŵi zonse, koma uwu ngwaufulu.

Zimene Msilikali Woteteza Anachita

Akapatsidwa, woimbidwa mlanduyo amakhala ndi nyengo yochepa ya masiku 21 mpaka 30 ndipo angayankhe m’njira zosiyanasiyana:

  • Yankho [1] – Mfumu yoikana mlandu uliwonse m’kudandaula. Yankho lingaphatikizeponso zotetezera zotsimikizika (m., lamulo la malire, kunyalanyaza, kunyalanyaza) kumene kuyenera kudzutsidwa kapena kuikidwa pangozi.
  • Kuchotsa – pempho lakuti khoti lichotse mlanduwo pazifukwa zakutizakuti, monga ngati kusoŵa ulamuliro, malo osayenera, kulephera kupereka chinenezo (Ufumu wa ku Mediterranean 12(b) (6), kapena kusakwanira kwa ntchito. Ngati kachitidweko kaloledwa, woweruzayo angaloledwe kumaliza kudandaulako.
  • [[FLT: 0] Cureamerclaim kapena Cross à Cross + Mlandu anganeneze motsutsana ndi mtsogoleri (lovalcaim) kapena motsutsana ndi co à à fracy (m'addlaim) m’milandu imodzimodzi.
  • Kudandaula kaamba ka Chikalata Chachikulu - – ngati kudandaulako kuli kosamveka, woimbidwa mlanduyo angapemphe khoti kulamula wotsutsa kupereka zinenezo zomveka.

Anthu oteteza boma ayenera kufufuza mosamala kuti aone ngati nkhaniyo ndi yokwanira kapena kuti apeze kuti pali zinthu zabwino zimene achita.

Kutulukira: Kuvumbula Zoona Zake

Kufufuza nthaŵi zambiri kuli mbali ya nthaŵi yochuluka ndi yokwera mtengo ya kujambula. Ndi njira yamwambo imene onse aŵiri amafotokozera chidziŵitso ndi umboni wogwirizana ndi nkhaniyo. Kutumbidwa kokulira . Magawo angapeze zinthu zina zosaloledwa zimene zili zofunika pa mfundo kapena chitetezo ndi kulingana ndi zimene zikufunika (Fedal Launce 26(b)(1).

Zinthu zikuluzikulu zimene zingathandize anthu kupeza zinthu zimenezi ndi izi:

  • Kudziwitsa – mafunso olembedwa amene ayenera kuyankhidwa pansi pa lumbiro, mokha ndi 25 (kuphatikizapo mbali) m’khoti la boma.
  • Mapangano a Kutulutsa Mabuku – Kufunidwa kwa zolembedwa zakuthupi kapena zamagetsi, ma email, mapangano, malipoti a zamankhwala, ndi zina zotero.
  • Mapangano a Kugamula [1] – Mawu amene wolimbanayo ayenera kuvomereza kapena kukana; kuvomereza kukhoza kufeŵetsa kuyesa mwa kuchepetsa mfundo zotsutsana.
  • Malamulo [1] – Sworn, kutuluka , kuwinda kwa chilolezo, ndi maloya a mbali zonse ziŵiri zomwe ziripo. Malolezo amasunga umboni wa kuzenga mlandu ndi kulola maloya kutsimikizira kudalirika.
  • Kusanthula kwa m'matupi kapena m’Malingaliro – M’zochitika za kuvulala kwaumwini, woimbidwa mlandu angapemphe kupima kwaumwini kwa dokotala (wochitidwa ndi Lamulo la Federal 35).

Kutulukira kumaphatikizaponso copicery [1] Kusinthana chidziŵitso chosungidwa pakompyuta (ESI). Makhoti amaika zofunika kwambiri kuti anthu agwirizane ndi kufunsa kuti asunge ESI, afufuze njira, ndi mafomu. Kulephera kusunga bwino ndi kupanga ESI kungatsogolere ku zilango zowopsa, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa kapena malangizo oipa.

Kufukula, mamembala anganene kuti ali ndi ufulu [ (m’ lekuatiso, mwaŵi wogwira ntchito, chiphunzitso chopindulitsa) kukana chidziŵitso china. Kutsutsa pa kutulukira kumafuna kuloŵerera kwa khoti mwa njira zolowera kapena kutetezera.

6. Kuyenda Pasadakhale

Asanazenge mlandu, mamembala angapange njira zothetsera nkhani za lamulo, kuchepetsa umboni, kapena ngakhale kumaliza nkhaniyo.

  • Motion ya Chigamulo cha Funso (Chidutswa 56) [1] – inde pamene palibe mkangano weniweni ponena za nsonga iriyonse ya zinthu zakuthupi, kulola woweruza kulamulira moyanjana ndi mbali imodzi ya lamulo. Zimenezi zingataye nkhani zonse kapena nkhani zachindunji.
  • Motion mu Limine [1] – Amafuna kuchotsa umboni wina kuti usadziŵike pozenga mlandu (m' lekuatiso, mphekesera, zithunzi zopeka, umboni wopanda ntchito).
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuyesa [[FLT :1] – Kulephera kwa umboni waluso wozikidwa pa kudalirika ndi kudalirika (Malamulo a m'makhoti a boma pansi pa Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmacetics ).
  • Motion to Compel – afunsa khoti kulamula gulu lotsutsana kutulutsa mayankho opezedwa kapena mafunso oikizidwa.

Kuyenda bwino kwa makhoti asanayambe kuchititsa kuti nkhanizo zikhale zopereŵera kapena kuti zichotsedwe popanda kufunikira kuzengedwa mlandu.

Kuthetsa Vutoli ndi Kuthetsa Mikangano Ina

Panthaŵi iriyonse pamene mlandu uchitika . Ngakhale mkati mwa kuzenga mlandu, mapwando angakhazikike. Milandu yambiri yachiŵeniŵeni imakhazikika asanazengedwe mlandu. Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amalinganiza misonkhano yapanyumba [[FLT: 0] kumene woweruza kapena woweruza amalola kukambitsirana. Kuvomereza kumafunanso kukambitsirana. Kuphatikizapo mbali yachitatu yothandiza magulu kupeza malo ogwirizana.

Ngati kugawa kwalephera, mapangano angavomereze kugwirizanitsa , kumene kuli kogwirizana kapena kosagwirizanitsa khoti. Mapangano ambiri amaphatikizapo malamulo okakamiza amene amafuna kuti mikangano ithetsedwe kunja kwa khoti.

Mapangano a kukhazikitsa ndi amene kwenikweni amaphatikizapo kutulutsa zikalata zachinsinsi (ngati mufuna), ndi malamulo a malipiro. Chipanganocho kaŵirikaŵiri chimasungidwa m’khoti ngati chaswa. Mwa kuwona kwabwino, kukonza kuletsa kukayikira, ndalama, ndi kufalitsidwa kwa mlandu.

Kuzenga Mlandu

Ngati nkhaniyo siithetsa mwa kumangoyesa kapena kuchotsapo, imapitiriza kuzenga mlandu. Mayeso angakhale ziyeso za bench (kugamula mlandu) kapena kuyesa (kugamulapo mafunso a zenizeni, kuweruza mafunso a lamulo). Kuyenera kwa mlandu wa ajuli m’nkhani za anthu kumatsimikiziridwa pansi pa Declear Confection ya milandu ya boma yokhudza ndalama zoposa $20, koma maiko ambiri mofananamo amapereka mayeso a khoti kaamba ka zinenezo zina.

Mlanduwo kwenikweni ukutsatira dongosolo ili:

  1. [[FLT: 0] Kusankha (Kusankha) – Attorney ndi woweruza amafunsa mafunso othekera kwa ajuli kutsimikizira kupanda tsankho. Mbali iliyonse ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mavuto (nambala yokwanira) ndi zovuta zopangira.
  2. Mfundo zotseguka [1] - mbali iliyonse imatchula umboni umene akuyembekezera kupereka. Palibe mfundo zimene zaloledwa; izi ndi zoona.
  3. Casentiff’s Case àin hief - Placttiff akupereka mboni ndi zisonyezero. Kusanthula mwachindunji, kupenda kwa [1], ndi kutumizanso mafunso kumachitika.
  4. Kugamula mlandu monga Nkhani ya Chilamulo [[ML ] [1] [1] – Kumapeto kwa mlandu wa mtsogoleri, woimbidwa mlandu angapereke chigamulo chotsogozedwa ngati woweruzayo sanapereke umboni wokwanira. Zimenezi sizimaloledwa kaŵirikaŵiri.
  5. Case à à défentant - Woimbidwayo akupereka umboni ndi mboni, kutsatira njira zopimira zofananazo.
  6. Kutsutsa ndi Kuchulukitsa [1] – Kupereŵera umboni wowonjezereka wotsutsa nkhani zatsopano.
  7. Kufotokoza nkhani [[FLT ] ] - mbali iriyonse imafupikitsa umboni ndi kutsutsa chifukwa chake woweruza kapena juli ayenera kupeza kuyanja kwawo. Woweruzayo amayamba ndi womaliza (ngati ali ndi chitsimikizo).
  8. [[FULT:0] Mitemo ya Chitumbuko [1] - woweruza amalangiza ajuli pankhani ya lamulo logwira ntchito ndi miyezo yalamulo imene ayenera kutsatira.
  9. Jurlibration ndi Verdict - khoti loweruza mwamseri ndi kubwezera chigamulo. M'maweruziro a benchi, woweruza amatsutsa zimene zapezedwa kuti ndi zoona ndi zimene lamulo linachita.

Kuzenga mlandu kungatengere kwa tsiku limodzi kufikira milungu ingapo, kudalira pa kucholoŵana. Chigamulo , woweruza aloŵa m'chiweruzo poyanja gulu lofalalo.

9. Kuyenda ndi Kukopa kwa Pambuyo pa Kupita

Munthu amene walephera kusudzulidwa angatsutse chigamulo kapena chiweruzocho mwa njira yotsatizana ndi mlandu wa pambuyo pa makhoti:

  • Chigamulo kaamba ka Chiweruzo monga Nkhani ya Chilamulo (Kukonzedwanso) [1] [1] – Argues kuti chiweruzo chitsutsana ndi kulemera kowonekera kwa umboni.
  • [[MLT:0] Chigamulo cha Mlandu Watsopano – Alleges zophophonya za tsankho, kusamvera, kapena kuti chigamulocho nchopambanitsa kapena chosakwanira.
  • [[MLT:0] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ngati njira zimenezi sizingakwane, wolepherayo angaike appeal ku khoti lapamwamba. Zifunsiro sizikhalanso mabwalo; zimayang'ana pa zolakwa zalamulo zochitidwa mkati mwa mlandu. Khotilo liyenera kulemba chilengezo cha apilo m'nthaŵi yoikika (kaŵirikaŵiri masiku 30). Khoti la appellate limapenda zolembera za mlandu, kuŵerenga mwachidule kuchokera kumbali zonse, ndipo likhoza kumva mikangano. Khoti lingatsimikizire, kubwerera kumbuyo, kugamula kwatsopano, kapena kusintha chigamulo.

M’nkhani zosachitikachitika, chipani chingapemphe khoti Lalikulu la United States kuti chipereke chikalata choletsa kupempha chikole, koma Khotilo limavomereza chigawo cha ching’onong’ono chabe cha mapemphero.

Kumaliza

Kufotokoza ndi tsatanetsatane, chigawo chamitundumitundu kumafunikira kukonzekera bwino, kulingalira bwino, ndi kumvetsetsa bwino malamulo a malamulo. Kuchokera kukambirana kwapasadakhale kupyolera mwa kuchonderera kothekera, njira iliyonse imapereka mpata ndi maupandu. Pamene kuli kwakuti nkhani ino ikupereka kufupikitsa kokwanira, kufotokoza kwenikweni kumaphatikizapo zinthu zosaŵerengeka.

Kwa aliyense amene ayang'anizana ndi mlandu wa boma, kufunsira loya wachidziŵitso nkofunika. Uphungu walamulo ungathandize kuyendetsa zinthu zovuta, kutetezera ufulu wanu, ndi kulangiza za njira yabwino kwambiri. Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka, fufuzani zinthu monga Malamulo a Chigawo cha Chigawo cha Chikumbukiro , [[FLT:] , Menkin Bat Community of Litigation , kapena [[FLT:]U.S.S . Courts zotsogolera kukonza mlandu [[FLT:].]. Kumvetsa masitepeto ake m'kaikezo za kupangira zosankha ndi kudalirana ndi kudalirana ndi njira zalamulo.