Chiyambi: Desert Desense Moraccus ya Japan

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II, makamaka Article 9, inakana nkhondo ndi kuletsa kusungidwa kwa “nkhondo. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, dongosolo la nkhondo limeneli linalongosola njira yotetezera ya ku Japan, ndi maboma akumasulira Gawo 9 motsatizana kulola mphamvu za kudzitetezera kokha chifukwa cha malo. Komabe, chitetezo cha m'deralo , chosonyezedwa ndi zolinga za nyukiliya ya North Korea, kulimba mtima kwa nkhondo ya China m'Chipwirikiti cha East China, ndi kusintha kwa kugwirizana kwa United States, ndi kuchititsa kutetezera kwa maiko anayi a dzikolo. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwa malamulo pakati pa magulu aakulu andale zadziko a Japan kuli kofunika kwa aliyense kuphunzira chitetezo cha ku Asia kapena unansi wa mitundu yonse. Chipani chilichonse chigamu cha dziko la Japan chisonyeze kulinganiza kwa ufulu pakati pa malamulo, malingaliro a anthu onse, ndi kuchirikiza ufulu wa dziko lonse. Nkhaniyi ikupereka kupenda mbali zinayi za dziko lonse la Democratic Republic (Pito, Chigawa, Chipani cha Chigwirizano cha Chiko , Chigwirizano cha Chigwirizano cha Chiko , Chikomoni ndi Chigwirizano cha Chigwiriza Chigwiriza Chiku

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP): Kukula kwa Malamulo

LDP yalamulira Japan kwa nthaŵi zambiri pambuyo pa nkhondo, ndipo njira yake yotetezera yasintha kuchokera ku kukhazikitsa mtendere ndi kukhala ndi kaimidwe kolimba pansi pa atsogoleri onga Shinzo Abe ndi Fumio Kisida. Chigomeko chachikulu cha LDP nchakuti Japan iyenera “kuzindikira zinthu zatsopano zoopseza za ku China ndi North Korea. Kuyambira 2015 kumasuliranso Gawo 9 kulola gulu la anthu kudzifense .

Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri

  • Ufulu wa Banki ya banki: Mu December 2022, akuluakulu a Chisida analengeza kulinganiza kuŵirikiza kaŵiri ndalama zotetezera za Japan ku 2% ya GDP pa 2027, kugwirizanitsa Japan ndi manato-style. Ndalama za FY2024 zinafika $154,000,000 , , , cholembedwa choposa. Akuluakulu a chipani akutsutsa kuti zimenezi n’zofunika “kulimbana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a .
  • Offensive Cabilities : LDP imachirikiza kupeza “mphamvu za dziko” (i., mabomba a mizera yaitali okantha zinsi za adani) ndipo afulumizitsa kuyambitsidwa kwa zida zothamanga kwambiri ndi kumenyedwa kwa mtundu wina (programu ya F-X).
  • Kukonzanso kwa [1] Kusintha: LDP kwa nthaŵi yaitali yafuna kukonzanso Gawo 9 kuti avomereze molunjika bwino JSDF monga “mphamvu yodziimira yekha" ndi kuchotsa kusamvetsetseka. Mamembala a gululo amanena kuti zimenezi “zikatsimikizira kuyenera kwa SDF” ndi kuchepetsa kudalira pa malamulo omasuliranso. Komabe, kukwaniritsa unyinji wa magawo aŵiri m'nyumba zonse ziŵiri za nyumba za malamulo kumakhala kovuta.
  • Kugwirizana ndi United States: LDP imaika malo oyamba pangano lachitetezo la US- Japan kukhala maziko a chitetezo. Zoyesayesa zaposachedwapa zimaphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa mozama kwa malamulo ndi kulimbitsa mapangano, limodzinso ndi kusonkhanitsa mabomba ouluka a Tomahawk kuchokera ku US. Gululo limachirikizanso kutumiza zipinda za asilikali a United States, ngakhale kuti limayang'anizana ndi chitsutso cha kumaloko ku Okinawa.

LDP imasuliza anthu otsutsa amene amawopa “mafuko a zida ku East Asia . Chikhalirechobe mphamvu yosankhira ya gululo . Nchogwirizana ndi osankhidwa osadziŵa za chisungiko .

Constitution Democraticism Party (CDP): Kuletsa Chilango cha Chitetezo

CDP, yopangidwa mu 2020 kuchokera ku kuphatikiza magulu angapo apakati a kumanzere, imakhala monga chitsutso chachikulu cha chizolowezi cha LDP cha nkhondo. Malamulo ake otetezera ali ozikidwa pa malamulo a nkhondo a Japan ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti kukambirana ndi kugwirizana kwa zachuma ndi mphamvu zankhondo, osati njira zotsimikizirika zopezera chisungiko.

Malo Apamwamba a Lamulo

  • Kukhazikitsa ku Kukonzanso Koikika: CDP imatetezera Mfundo 9 monga momwe kulili, ikumati kukonzanso kulikonse kungafooketse “chizindikiro cha mtendere.] Mtsogoleri wa gulu la Kenta Izumi wanena kuti CDP “idzatetezera mzimu wa malamulo” ndi kutsutsa kuyesayesa kulikonse kwa kufooketsa chiletso cha nkhondo.
  • Kutetezera Kuwononga: Achilikizi a CDP operekera ndalama zodzitetezera pa 1% ya GDP [1] mwambo wa mbiri yakuti LDP inatha. Mamembala a chipani amatsutsa kuti kuwonongera ndalama ndalama 883 biliyoni kwa zaka zisanu ndiko “kuchepetsa " ndipo kungasokoneze bajeti ya zaubwino wa anthu. M’malo mwake, iwo amayesa kusintha ndalama kuti apeze chithandizo chatsoka, intaneti, ndi kuyendera ulendo wotetezera madzi.
  • Kuchepetsa ntchito ya SDF: CDP imatsutsa kupezedwa kwa maluso olimbana ndi Thupi ndi kutumizidwa kwa antchito a SDF kuti amenyane ndi madera. Kumafuna “mphamvu yokha yokhayokha" ndi kuyesa kuchotsa lamulo la chitetezo la 2015 limene limalola anthu kudzitetezera okha. Gululo likufunanso kuchepetsa kuyendetsa zinthu ndi magulu ankhondo ogwirizana ndi mayiko akunja.
  • [[FLT: 0] Chipangano cha CDP chimalimbikitsa kumanga chikhulupiriro ndi China ndi South Korea, kuphatikizapo kukana nkhondo za dziko ndi kulimbitsa mgwirizano wa zachuma. Chimachirikiza kuwonjezeka kwa chigawo cha ASAN Foum ndi kulengedwa kwa dongosolo la mtendere la ku Northern Asia.
  • Basel Trust: CDP imafuna kupenda mkhalidwe wa Magulu ankhondo a United States ndi Japan Advement (SOFA) kuchepetsa mtolo pa Okinawa ndipo potsirizira pake “kuchotsa". US imakhazikika pokhapokha ngati chitetezo cha Japan chawopsezedwa mwachindunji.

Magulu a CDP nthaŵi zina amatsutsa liŵiro la kuchotsa zida zankhondo, koma chipanicho chidakali chochirikiza chodalirika koposa cha kubwerera ku mtendere wokha. Komabe, ntchito yake yosankhira yakhala yofooka, ndipo mphamvu yake pa malamulo enieni njochepa. Mapepala a CDP atsatanetsatane, chezerani pa webusaiti ya CDP Chingelezi CDP [1].

Chipani cha Komeito: M’gulu la Malo Osungira Anthu Okhala M’malere

Komeito, phwando lokhala ndi chiyambi chake m'gulu lachibuda lodziŵika bwino Soka Gakkai, lakhala mnzake wachiŵiri wa LDP kwa zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo. Mbali yake kaŵirikaŵiri imafotokozedwa kukhala “chithunzi” pa malingaliro amphamvu kwambiri a LDP, kusonkhezera njira yolinganizika imene imaphatikiza mphamvu ya Umbuye Wokha ndi Defense ndi chigogomezero champhamvu pa kukhazikitsa mtendere, kukambirana ndi kuthandizira kwachilendo.

Kulinganiza Machitidwe

  • . . . . . . . . . . Komeito . Komeito akuvomereza kuti JSDF ifuna ziŵiya zamakono kutetezera gawo la Japan, koma imalimbikira kusunga lamulo loletsa nkhondo yonyansa. Gululi linathandiza kuchepetsa lamulo la 2015 la “kudziphetsa" zochitika (m’jere, kutetezera sitima ya US kuukiridwa) ndi kutsutsa matanthauzo ena amene angatsogolere ku SDF kutengamo mbali m'nkhondo yachigwirizano.
  • Diplomacy ndi Development Kuyamba: Komeito imaika malo oyamba kwambiri pa Official Development Affect (ODA) ndi ntchito zomanga mtendere. Imachirikiza kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zachuma za Japan kuchepetsa oyendetsa nkhondo, makamaka ku Southeast Asia ndi Middle East. Gululo limachirikizanso bungwe la United Nations Peacebing Exation Exavitions (Pko) ndipo lachititsa kuti anthu a ku Japan atengemo mbali m'mauthenga monga mabomba a nyumma ndi nyumba zomanganso.
  • LITS pa Kutetezera Kuwonjezeka kwa Kuwonjezeka kwa Zinthu: Pamene Komeito adavomerezana ndi LDP [2% ya GDP], inaumirira pa njira yapang'onopang'ono ndi kutsimikizira kuti bajeti imaphatikizapo ndalama za chithandizo cha anthu ndi kugwirizana kwa mitundu yonse. Atsogoleri a gulu lachenjeza za “nkhondo zankhondo ” ndi kulamula kuti LDP afotokoze mmene ndalama zidzagwiritsidwira ntchito popanda kuputa anansi.
  • Kuletsa Zida Zoopsa: Komeito poyambapo anali wotsutsa makonzedwe a LDP a kupeza mphamvu zopitira, monga mabomba ozungulira ankhondo. M'zigwirizano, gululo linasunga mikhalidwe yakuti Japan akangogwiritsira ntchito zida zotero kaamba ka “iwo okha" ndi kukambirana ndi mabwenzi. Zimenezi zapangitsa kulinganiza kovuta kwa mkati mwa dziko.

Kaimidwe ka Komeito ka kugwirizana kumatanthauza kuti kaŵirikaŵiri kamakhala ndi chisonkhezero pa mapepala apadera, ngakhale kuti kali ndi mipando yocheperapo kuposa LDP. Malamulo ake oyenera ochonderera kwa ovota amene sakudziŵa chisungiko koma osasamala ndi zankhondo. Kaamba ka malamulo otetezera Komeito, onani lamulo la Komeito tsamba .

Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha ku Japan (JCP): Chipani chokwana cha Pacifism ndi Alliance Accoffal

JCP ndi chipani cha ndale zadziko chopitirizabe cha Japan ndipo chopitirizabe chankhondo. Pamene kuli kwakuti chili ndi mipando yaing’ono (10 m’Nyumba ya Oimira monga mu 2024), kumveka kwake kwa malingaliro kumapanga mkangano wapoyera. Malamulo a JCP amazikidwa pa kukana kotheratu magulu ankhondo monga chipangizo cha boma.

Mabowo

  • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mphamvu za Kh. Imasiyanitsa ngakhale ndi CDP, zimene zimasunga JSDF m'malo mwa “makhoti a mtendere a chivomezi .
  • Kaniza Alliances Zonse za Nkhondo : JCP imafuna kutha kwa Sub - Japan Security Treaty ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zigawo zonse za America kuchokera ku nthaka ya Japan. Imanena kuti kugwirizanako kumaloŵetsa Japan m'mikangano yosafunikira ndi kuvulaza unansi ndi China ndi Russia.
  • Reuce Defense Baclage to Zero: JCP imafuna kuchepetsa zowonongedwa zonse zankhondo ndi kutumiza ndalama ku maprogramu a zachikhalidwe, mphamvu zomakonzanso, ndi chithandizo cha chitukuko cha padziko lonse. Imanena kuti chisungiko cha Japan chingatsimikizidwe kokha kupyolera mwa lamulo la mitundu yonse, kuchotsa zida za nyukliya, ndi mapangano ambiri otsatizana.
  • Active Epromotion of Northern Asia Assensian Aprity: JCP imachirikiza njira yogwirizana ya mayanjano ndi China ndi South Korea, kuphatikizapo makonzedwe ogwirizana ochotsera zida za nyukiliya kaamba ka chilumba cha Korea ndi kukhazikitsa malo opanda zida za nyukiliya ku East Asia.

Ngakhale kuti imakhala ndi malo ovuta, nthaŵi zina JCP yagwirizana ndi magulu ena otsutsa pa zikalata zachindunji za chitetezo, makamaka zija zophatikizapo kufutukuka kwa asilikali. Komabe, kupempha kwake kuti athetse SDF kudakali lingaliro laling’ono ngakhale pakati pa ovota ofufuza olira kumanzere.

Kusiyana Kokulirapo kwa Mfundo: Kuyerekezera

Kuthandiza ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi mwamsanga kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwakukulu, pansipa pali kuyerekezera kwatsatanetsatane kwa malo a magulu anayiwo pa nkhani zisanu zofunika za chitetezo:

Kupenda Mfundo ya Malamulo 9

  • LDP: Achirikiza kukonzanso kuvomereza JSDF mwachindunji ndi kulola “gulu lankhondo lotetezera dziko lonse."
  • [[FLT CD]P: Atsutsa kukonza kulikonse; amatetezera mawu amakono monga chopinga cha nkhondo.
  • Khomeito: [[FLT :1] Yotseguka kukonza kokha ngati ilo likuletsa SDF ku kudzifetsera ndipo imaphatikizapo “chiganizo cha mtendere."
  • JCP: Safuna kukonzanso; kufunikiritsa kumamatira kotheratu ku kutembenuzidwa kwa nkhondo koyamba.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Oteteza Ku matenda

  • LDP: Kokera ku 2% ya GDP pofika 2027; tsegulani ku chiwonjezeko chowonjezereka.
  • CDP: Sungani 1% ya GDP; kuika patsogolo ndalama zowonongedwa za anthu.
  • Khomeito: Landirani 2% koma mufuna kuŵerengera kooneka bwino ndi kugogomezera zida zotetezera zosakhala zankhondo.
  • JCP: Kuchepetsa kufika pafupi ndi zero; kubwereranso ku zosoŵa za anthu wamba.

Zigawo Zopatulidwa (Mliri wa Kuukira kwa Zinyama)

  • LDP: mwamphamvu imachirikiza kutulutsa mabomba aatali ndi zida za nyukiliya.
  • CDP: motsutsana ndi; kuwona kukhoza kotero kukhala kosagwirizana.
  • Khomeito: Imagwirizana ndi malamulo okhwima a “kudziikira padera" ndipo kokha pambuyo pa makambitsirano aakulu a ndale zadziko.
  • JCP: imakana zida zonse zoukira ndipo imafuna kutulapo zida.

Alliance ndi Bases za ku US- Japan

  • LDP: Amalimbikitsa mgwirizano; amalandira malo osungidwa; amafuna kugwirizana kwambiri.
  • [[FLT CD:0]P: Kusintha maziko koma kuvomereza pangano; kufunafuna kukonzedwanso kwa SSOFA ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa matsiriziro.
  • Khomeito: Achirikiza kugwirizana monga kofunikira koma kusonkhezera kuyang'anira katundu ndi kuyang'anira chitaganya chakwawo.
  • JCP: Zifuniro kuchotsedwa kwa pangano ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mwamsanga kwa magulu onse a US.

Ntchito ya Madzi a M’mphepete mwa Nyanja

  • LDP:[[FLT :1] Kuwonjezera kukhala ndi phande m'maseŵero olimbitsa thupi, kusunga mtendere, ndi kutulutsa.
  • [[FLT CD:0]P: Malire a mwambo wa kusunga mtendere wa UN ndi ntchito zosafuna ntchito; peŵani “kusonkhanitsa mlingo waumwini” kutumizidwa.
  • khomeito: [1] Chichirikizo cha PKO ndi ntchito zaumoyo; kutsutsa ntchito zankhondo.
  • JCP: Mapeto a ntchito zonse za kutsidya kwa dziko; sumikani pa kugwirizana kwa mitundu yonse.

Kusiyana kumeneku sikumangochitika mwa kungoyerekezera, koma amapanga malamulo enieni, zosankha zodzitetezera, ndi kaimidwe kaukulu wa Japan. Mwachitsanzo, kukakamiza kwa LDP kaamba ka mphamvu yolimbana ndi kuthekera kunazengereza ndi kuumirira kwa Komeito pa mkangano wa nyumba ya malamulo, ndipo zitsutso za CDP zinaikidwa paulamuliro chifukwa cha LDP-Komeito wochuluka.

Ntchito Zovuta za Japan ndi Chitetezo cha M’chigawocho

Magulu otchuka olongosoledwa pamwambapa ali ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu za ponse paŵiri za ndale zapanyumba ndi kukhazikika kwa East Asia . Kusintha ku kaimidwe ka kutetezera ka LDP [1] kovomerezedwa ndi mgwirizano ndi Komeito . kadatsogolera kale ku kumanga kwa nkhondo kwa mbiri. Ziyambukirozo zimawonekera m'madera angapo:

Kusagwirizana Komakulakula kwa China ndi North Korea

Kusintha kwa Japan kuti apeze maluso ndi madongosolo oyendetsera mabomba oopsa apeza chitsutso kuchokera ku Beijing ndi Pyongyang . China nthaŵi zonse imatsutsa “kuyambikanso kwa nkhondo” ndi kutsutsa kugwirizana kwake kokulira ndi United States. Malamulo a LDP a boma, monga ngati“ Ufulu ndi Kutsegulira Indo-Pacile" njira, imawonedwa ku China kukhala yoyesayesa. Posiyana, CDP ndi JCP imatsutsa kuti kuwonjezereka kwa nkhondo ya Japan kumasonkhezera mpikisano wa zida ndi kuchepetsa mayanjano, chifukwa cha chitsanzo, ku Skaku / Dioyu. [FLT:] Kugwirizana ndi Counciltion pa Exption Religions [FFF:], vuto la pakati pa ku Tokyo ndi kuyendetsa ntchito zaungwe, kuwonjezera vuto la ku Tokyo.

Chiyambukiro pa Alliance ya United States ndi Japan

Pamene kuli kwakuti LDP ndi Komeito amachirikiza mgwirizano, kusiyana kwa nkhani. LDP imafuna kugwirizana kofanana kwambiri kumene Japan amapanga ntchito yaikulu ya nkhondo, pamene kuli kwakuti Komeito akufuna kutsimikizira Japan kukhala “mphamvu yanthaŵi zonse”. Chigwirizano cha CDP cha zothodwetsa, makamaka ku Okinawa, chimamveka ndi anthu a kumaloko ndipo nthaŵi zina chimasonkhezera boma kukhazikitsa mapangano a nkhondo. JCP’s akuletsa kugwirizana konseko kuli kotsendekera koma kusonkhezera ziwiya zina zovota.

Kukhazikika m’Zandale za M’banja Ndiponso Maganizo a Anthu

Malamulo a zachitetezo ndi nkhani yothandiza LDP kusungitsa mgwirizano wake ndi Komeito. Komabe, zolinga zamwambo za LDP zikuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu amene adakali otsutsa nkhondo koma akuzindikira ziwopsezo za chisungiko. Polys nthaŵi zonse amasonyeza kukonzanso kochitidwa ndi lamulo, koma ambiri amachirikiza SDF yolimba kwambiri. Kulimbana kumeneku kumapereka njira ya Komeito yochenjera. CDP ndi JCP imayesa kusonkhanitsa chivoti cha kutsutsa nkhondo, koma ayesetsa kutembenuza kusakhutira mpikisano wa osankhidwa. Zotsatira zake n’zapangizozokasintha pang'onopang'onopang'ono, zimayenda ku Japan.

Kugwirizana kwa M’chigawo ndi Kulankhulana Monkitsa

CDP ndi Komeito amalimbikitsa mayanjano ogwirizana kwambiri ogwirizana ndi [1] , pamene JCP imachirikiza kuyanjana kwathunthu kozikidwa pa kupepesa ndi kubwezera. Mapulaneti ambiri monga ASEAN+8 ndi Quad (US, Japan, Australia, India) amachirikizidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kudutsa pepalalo, koma kuchuluka kwa mgwirizano wankhondo pakati pa Quad kukutsutsana: LDP imayanja kugwirizana kwa zopinga zankhondo, pamene CDP ndi JCP imakonda madongosolo osagwirizana ndi nkhondo pa mankhwala a katemera ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Zotsatirapo za chitetezo cha m'maderawo sizikuletsa kuletsa kuukira North Korea. Kusintha boma kungasinthe kwambiri njira ya Japan. Mwachitsanzo, ngati CDP ikanatsogolera gulu lankhondo, Japan angagwirizanenso ndi malingaliro ake pa kudzipha kwa onse, koma kuchepetsa mavuto ankhondo ku China koma kukhoza kufooketsa kuletsa North Korea. Komanso, kupitirizabe kuletsa LDP ndi Komeito kukhoza kutulutsa zotsatira zosiyana: magulu ankhondo a ku Japan akhala okhoza kutero, koma ntchito yawo idakali yoletsedwa kwambiri ndi ndale ndi mapangano a ndale ndi malamulo a boma.

Kumaliza: Kukonza Malo Okhala ndi Thanzi Lozizira

Magulu aakulu a Japan amapereka malingaliro osiyana kwambiri kaamba ka kutetezera dziko, kuyambira pa kukakamiza kwa LDP kaamba ka kukhazikitsa kwa nkhondo ku mtendere wa JCP. Kusiyana kumeneku sikumalekeza; iwo amasintha ndi masankho, mavuto a mitundu yonse, ndi masinthidwe a utsogoleri. Kwa ophunzira ndi maphunziro a zachitetezo, kuyang'anira malo ameneŵa nkofunika chifukwa chakuti amatembenuza mwachindunji kusinthasinthasintha kwa malamulo amene amayambukira osati Japan kokha komanso anansi ake ndi dongosolo lalikulu la Indo-Pacificle. Chisankho chachikulu cha 2024 chinaona kale kuwonongedwa kwa ndawala yapakati, ndi kukambitsirana kopitirizabe kwa mfundo za malamulo 9 kuti ayang'anire ndale zadziko za Japan kwa zaka zambiri. Kumvetsetsa gulu lililonse kumaima pa linzake la kugonetsa chidziŵitso cha dziko lonse lachitukulidwa kukhala chidziŵitso chachikulu chachisungiko cha dziko lonse.