Kupenda Kukonzanso kwa Gawo Lachisanu

Chisinthiko Chachisanu ku United States chimakhala chimodzi cha zitetezero zazikulu kwambiri m'Bill of Rights, kukhazikitsa chitetezo chofunika chalamulo kwa anthu ogwirizana ndi dongosolo la milandu. Chigamulo choikidwa mu 1791 kumbali za zigamulo zina zisanu ndi zinayi zimene zimaphatikizapo Bill of Rights, Kukonza Koyamba kwa Kukonza Kokha kukambirana za kutsutsana kwa Boma ndi ufulu wa munthu aliyense. Malamulo ake amayambitsa malire a boma amene amaletsa mphamvu zosaletseka pa nzika zoimbidwa ndi mlandu wa anthu. Kwa aphunzitsi kuphunzitsa malamulo, akatswiri a zamalamulo oyendetsa malamulo, ndi anthu ofuna kumvetsetsa ufulu wawo, Kukonzanso Gawo lachisanu kumasonyeza maziko a ufulu wa anthu a ku America omwe akupitirizabe kupanga malamulo a boma m'mabwalo amakono, apolisi, apolisi, ndi a zauyang’anira.

Kusinthako kuli ndi mawu asanu osiyana, alionse akuteteza mbali zosiyanasiyana za ufulu wa munthu: Grand Jury Clausle, Jeopardy Claus , Self-Cricreas, The Claus Claus , ndi kutengedwa kwa Claus. Ngakhale kuti makonzedwe onse asanu onsewa afunikira kusamaliridwa, Servet Proce Claus imagwira ntchito monga ngati mbali yaikulu ndi yotchuka kwambiri ya kukonzedwa. Kuzindikira mmene chitetezo chimenechi chimagwirira ntchito pochita ntchito yawo, kumasulira kwawo kupyolera ku zitsanzo za bwalo lamilandu lalikulu, ndi kutsata kwawo m'malemba mawu a masiku ano.

Maziko a Mbiri Yakale a Mpambo wa Nambala 5 Wakutisintha

Demetrition yachisanu sinachoke ku chigawo chopanda kanthu. Makonzedwe ake akutsata mzera wawo wa makolo ku miyambo yalamulo ya ku England imene ogonjetsa a America anabweretsa nawo kudutsa Atlantic . Kuyenera kotsutsana ndi kudziyanja okha, mwachitsanzo, kunakulanditsidwa ku machitachita a Star Chamber ndi Court of High Commission ku England, kumene akuluakulu a boma anakakamiza anthu kudzichitira umboni motsutsana ndi lumbiro. Grand Jury Clause mofananamo akusonyeza miyambo ya malamulo ya Angelezi omwe anafunikira kutengamo mbali m’chigamulo cha kubweretsa milandu yaupandu. Atsamunda a ku America anadzionera okha nkhanza zimene zimachitika pamene zitetezero za lamulo sizipezeka m'dzikolo.

James Madison, yemwe analembetsa Bill of Rights, anagwiritsira ntchito zokumana nazo za m'mbiri zimenezi ku luso la zolembedwa zimene zikaletsa boma la boma lopangidwa chatsopanolo kubwereza chisalungamo chimene chinasonkhezera Chipanduko cha America. Chitetezero cha Find 5 Amendment ku ochenjerera a boma chinasonyeza kukayikira kwakukulu kwa Oyambitsa mphamvu zopambanitsa ndi kumamatira kwawo ku lamulo lamakhalidwe abwino lakuti anthu ayenera kuchitiridwa moyenera pamene anenezedwa mlandu wa kuchita cholakwa.

Kabuku Kasanu ka Mpukutu Womaliza: Kabuku Kosanthula mwatsatanetsatane

M’chikalata chachisanu cha Mpambo Wowonjezera muli zinthu zisanu zotetezera zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chili ndi cholinga chimodzi chokhudza ufulu walamulo.

Kuzengedwa Mlandu Waukulu

Mlandu wa ajuli waukulu wa Geand Jury Claus ukufuna kuti milandu yaikulu ya boma iyambitsidwe kupyolera mwa oweruza aakulu ochitidwa. Mosiyana ndi oweruza oweruza, amene amatsimikizira liwongo kapena kupanda liwongo, ajuli aakulu amapenda kaya kaya kaya pali chifukwa chothekera cha kukhulupirira kuti munthu wachita upandu. Oweruza aakuluwo amaphatikizapo nzika wamba amene amamva umboni woperekedwa ndi oweruza ndi kusankha kaya kutsutsa mlandu.

Chitetezero chimenechi chimagwira ntchito monga kupenda mphamvu ya oweruza, kutsimikizira kuti boma silingangolemba milandu pa munthu aliyense amene likufuna popanda choyamba kusonyeza umboni wokwanira kwa bungwe la nzika za dziko. Chowona, khoti Lapamwamba lagamula kuti chiyeneretso chachikulu cha ajuli chimenechi sichimagwira ntchito ku boma za upandu kupyolera mu Cendry Procession ya 1450 Confective Claus, kutanthauza kuti maboma angagwiritsire ntchito njira zina kuyambitsa milandu yaupandu, monga ngati kuweruza kapena chidziŵitso choperekedwa mwachindunji ndi oweruza.

Chitetezo pa Kuopsa kwa Madzi

Kawiri Claus Thupi ndi Liŵiri limaletsa boma kuweruza munthu kangapo chifukwa cha mlandu womwewo atamukhululukira kapena kumuikira kumbuyo. Chitetezo chimenechi chimathandiza pazifukwa zambiri zofunika. Choyamba, chimaletsa boma kugwiritsa ntchito chuma chake chapamwamba mobwerezabwereza kuweruza munthu mpaka atatsimikiza. Chachiwiri, limateteza anthu kuti asamavutike ndi kuphwanya malamulo.

Makhoti anena kuti mlandu wa Kuŵiri wa Mulungu umagwira ntchito kokha ku milandu, osati kuweruza kwa boma kapena milandu ya boma. Kuwonjezera apo, "mlandu umodzi" umafuna kupenda ngati milandu iŵiriyo ikufuna umboni wa zinthu zosiyana. Ngati mlandu uliwonse uli ndi mfundo imene inayo siingakhale, kuopsa koŵirikiza kawiri sikumaletsa kuzenga milandu kotsatizana.

Kuyenera Kolimbana ndi Kudzizunza

Mwinamwake makonzedwe odziŵika bwino kwambiri a Kusintha kwa Kusintha kwa Kuyamba, Kudzipatula kwa Claus kumapatsa kuti palibe munthu "adzakakamizidwa m'nkhani iliyonse yaupandu kudzitsutsa. Chitetezero chimenechi chimapereka kuyenera kwa kukhala chete pamene umboni wawo ukhoza kuwachititsa kukhala ndi mlandu. Chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu mu Manda v. Arizona (186666 [1] anakhazikitsa chiyeneretso cha tsopano cha Familia [aumboni wa lamulo wodziŵitsa kuti akuona kuti ali ndi ufulu wawo kukhala chete ndi kuti apitirizebe ndi uphungu wawo asanachite apikitse mlandu woyang'anira.

Umboni wodziimira wekha Claus umagwira ntchito kokha pa umboni wotsimikizira, osati umboni weniweni wonga ngati mwazi, zojambula za manja, kapena zolembedwa. Imagwiranso ntchito kwa anthu achilengedwe, osati makampani kapena zinthu zina zopangidwa. Pamene anthu asankha kupereka umboni wawo wodzitetezera pozenga mlandu, iwo amachepetsa mwaŵi wawo wa Kusintha kwa Zamphumphu kwa 5 ndipo ayenera kuyankha mafunso opendedwa pamtanda.

Mmene Claus Amayendera

System Claus ikupereka kuti palibe munthu amene adzamanidwa moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu popanda njira yoyenerera ya lamulo. Mawu ooneka ngati osavuta awa achititsa kumasulira ndi kumasulira kochuluka kwa zaka mazana. Mawuwo amakhazikitsa mitundu iŵiri yosiyana ya zofunika pa zochita za boma: njira zoyenerera ndi njira zofunikira. Kumvetsetsa magulu onse aŵiri nkofunika pomvetsa mmene Lamulo lachisanu limatetezera ufulu wa munthu aliyense wochitapo kanthu.

Mpando wachisanu wa Access Claus umagwira ntchito ku boma la boma lokha. Komabe, Lamulo la 14 Lowonjezera, lovomerezedwa pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Chiŵeniŵeni, lili ndi masiteshoni ake a Claus amene akugwira ntchito yofananayo ku maboma a boma. Mwa njira imeneyi, mamendulo otetezera achisanu ambiri aikidwa ku mabomawo kupyolera mwa Programme ya 1450.

Kutenga Claus

Chiganizo chomaliza cha Demendment yachisanu chimapereka kuti katundu waumwini sayenera "kutengedwa kuti agwiritsiridwe ntchito ndi anthu, popanda kubwezeredwa." Kutenga Asting Claus kumafuna boma kulipirira ndalama zogulitsira malonda mwachilungamo pamene alanda katundu waumwini kaamba ka zifuno za anthu. Mawuwa amasonyeza nkhaŵa ya Oyambitsa kuti boma lingagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu yake kulanda katundu wosapereka malipiro okwanira kwa eni ake.

Khoti Lalikulu lakhazikitsa malamulo ovuta kwambiri osiyanitsa pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji ndalama zolipirira ndiponso kuchita zinthu zovomerezeka za apolisi zimene sizimafuna malipiro kwa eni ake.

Kumvetsa Zoyenera Kuchita: Njira Zomveka ndi Zobisika

Malamulo oyenera amaimira chitetezo chachikulu cha Lamulo lachisanu, lofuna kuti kachitidwe ka boma kokhudza ufulu wa munthu kakhale koyenera. Khoti Lalikulu lagawa njira yoyenerera kukhala magulu aŵiri osiyana koma ogwirizana: njira zoyenerera, zimene zikukhudza njira ndi njira zimene boma liyenera kutsatira; ndi njira zoyenerera, zimene zikukhudza zimene zili m’cholembedwacho ndi kulungamitsidwa kwa boma.

Zimene Amachita Poona Kuti Zinthu Zasintha

Profecture project imafuna kuti machitidwe a boma ayambukire moyo, ufulu, kapena katundu agwiritsire ntchito njira zoyenera. Zimene zimapanga njira zolungama zimasiyana malinga ndi nkhani yake ndi mtundu wa zinthu zimene zili pamtengo. Khoti Lapamwamba linakhazikitsa dongosolo losinthika mu Mathews v. Eldridge (1976,[FL:1], zimene zimafuna kuti makhoti alinganize zinthu zitatu: chikondwerero chaumwini choyambukiridwa ndi ntchito za boma, upandu wa kusoŵa kolakwika pansi pa njira zamakono ndi phindu lothekera la zitetezero zowonjezereka za procredial , ndi chifuno cha boma pa kuyendetsa bwino ndi kuteteza .

Mwapang’ono, njira yopangira zinthu imaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi m’nkhani zambiri zofotokoza za m’malemba:

  • Tcheso la kachitidwe ka boma kolingaliridwa: Anthu ayenera kulandira chidziŵitso chokwanira chonena za zimene boma likufuna kuchita ndi maziko a zochita zake.
  • Mwayi womveka: Anthu ayenera kukhala ndi mwaŵi watanthauzo wa kupereka mbali yawo ya nkhaniyo pamaso pa wopanga chosankha wopanda tsankho.
  • Kuyenera kwa kupereka umboni: anthu ayenera kuloledwa kuyambitsa umboni woyenerera wochirikiza kaimidwe kawo.
  • Ufulu woyang'anizana ndi mboni zotsutsa: anthu ayenera kuloledwa kufunsa mboni zimene zimapereka umboni wotsutsa iwo.
  • A chosankha chozikidwa pa cholembedwa: Wopanga chosankha ayenera kuzikidwa pa chigamulo chawo pa umboni woperekedwa, osati pa ziwonetso zakunja.
  • Kuyenera kwa kukopa: anthu ayenera kukhala ndi njira yopezera zosankha zotsutsa kupyolera mwa wolamulira wapamwamba.

Njira zofunikira zimasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi nkhani yake. Kuzenga mlandu wonse ndi maloya, mboni, ndi kupenda zigamulo za upandu, pamene zosankha za boma zokhudza phindu la boma zingangofunikira njira zamwamwayi monga ngati kugonjera kolembedwa ndi kupendedwa ndi bwana.

Njira Yofunika Kwambiri Yotetezera Ufulu Wofunika

Mosiyana ndi njira zoyenerera zochitira zinthu, njira yoyenerera yochitira zinthu imasonyeza ngati boma lili ndi zifukwa zoyenerera zochitira zinthu, mosasamala kanthu za njira zimene boma limagwiritsira ntchito pochita zinthuzo.

Chiphunzitso cha njira yoyenerera yapadera chimanena kuti ufulu wina waukulu wazikidwa kwambiri m’mbiri ndi mwambo wa Amereka kwakuti boma silingathe kuwadodometsa popanda kulungamitsa kokakamiza. Khoti Lapamwamba latchula magulu angapo a zoyenera zazikulu zotetezeredwa ndi njira yoikidwiratu:

  • Zoyenera za Privication: Kuyenera kwa kupanga zosankha zaumwini zakuya ponena za ukwati, kubala, kulera, maunansi a banja, ndi kulera mwana.
  • Ufulu wodzilamulira: Ufulu wa kukana mankhwala osafunidwa ndi kupanga zosankha ponena za thupi la munthu.
  • Zoyenera za Makolo: Ufulu wa makolo wakutsogolera kulera, maphunziro, ndi kusamalira ana awo.
  • Ufulu wa kuyendetsa momasuka pakati pa maboma ndi kukhazikitsa malo okhala m’dziko lililonse.
  • Kuyenera kwa kuvomereza: Kuyenera kwa kutengamo mbali m'masankho ndi kuŵerengera voti ya munthu mmodzi bwino.

Pamene kachitidwe ka boma kaswa kuyenera kwakukulu kotetezeredwa ndi njira yoyenerera, makhoti amagwiritsira ntchito kupenda kosamalitsa, kupempha boma kusonyeza kuti kachitidwe kake kamapereka chikondwerero chokakamiza cha boma ndi kugwiritsira ntchito njira zochepetsera zopezeka. Pamene kachitidwe ka boma kayambukira zikondwerero zosakhala za maziko, makhoti amagwiritsira ntchito maziko oyenera, kufunikiritsa kokha kuti kachitidweko kakhale kogwirizana ndi chikondwerero cha boma choyenera.

Khoti Lalikulu lasintha kwambiri pa kachitidwe ka zinthu kapadera koyenera kwa zaka za zana la 20. Khotili linagwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitsochi kuswa malamulo a zachuma monga malipiro ochepa ndi owonjezera. Chapakati pa zaka za zana la zana la 20, Khoti linasiya kuyang'anira ufulu waumwini ndi ufulu wachinsinsi, makamaka mu [FLT: 0] Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) ndi ana ake. Posachedwapa, khoti lanenapo za kukayikira za kuwonjezereka kwa ufulu wotetezeredwa ndi njira yapadera yoyenerera ya ku chigawo chakunja, yofuna umboni womveka wakuti kuyenera kwa dziko la America ndi mwambo.

Chizindikiro cha Milandu Yapansi Yomasulira Lamulo la Nambala 5

Mafotokozedwe a Khoti Lapamwamba la Fite Amendment asintha njira za upandu wa ku America ndi ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha m’njira zazikulu. Milandu yambiri yapadera imasonyeza mmene Khoti lagwiritsira ntchito makonzedwe a kusintha kwa zinthu ku mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya dziko.

Miranda ndi Arizona (1966)

Mu Miranda . Arizona, Bwalo Lapamwamba linalunjikitsa pempho la Kudziimira Pakha Claus kuti akafunse apolisi. Khotilo linatsutsa kuti pamene apolisi atenga mlandu ndi kuyamba kufunsa, choyamba ayenera kudziŵitsa wokayikirayo za kuyenera kwawo kukhala chete, kuti chilichonse chimene amanena chingagwiritsiridwe ntchito m’khoti, ufulu wawo wa kufunsa loya, ndi kuti loya adzapatsidwa ngati sangathe kupeza mmodzi. Ndemanga zopezedwa kuti aphedwe ndi kuswa ziyenero zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito mlansiro za mlandu wa oweruzawo.

Chigamulo cha Miranda chinaimira kuwonjezereka kwa chitetezo cha Fite Amendment ndipo chinayambitsa mkangano waukulu. Otsutsa anatsutsa kuti chigamulocho chinalola lamulo losungidwa ndi anthu ozengedwa mlandu kuthaŵa chiweruzo. Ochirikiza anatsutsa kuti chigamulocho chinali chakuti apolisi ayenera kulemekeza ufulu walamulo umene unalipo nthaŵi zonse. Mosasamala kanthu za mmene munthu amaonera zinthu, Miranda wakhala wogwirizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha apolisi a ku America ndiponso kumvetsa ufulu walamulo.

Gideon ndi Wainwright (1963)

Pamene kuli kwakuti Gideon ndi Wainwright amagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi Lamulo la Chisanu ndi Chisanu la kuyenera kwa kupereka uphungu, iwo amagawana moyenerera ndi malamulo ofunikira a First Amendment. Khotilo linavomereza kuti Appendix ya 145 'Standation Proces Claus' imafuna kuti boma lipereke maloya kwa ozengedwa mlandu amene sangathe kupereka nduna zawo pa milandu ya milandu. Chigamulo chimenechi chinatsimikizira kuti oimbidwa mlanduwo alandire njira yachiweruzo ndipo angagwiritsire ntchito bwino ufulu wawo wa Kukonzanso Koposa.

Glucksberg (1997)

Mu Washington v. Glucksberg, Bwalo Lapamwamba linafotokoza ngati njira yachidule yodziphera imateteza kuyenera kwa madokotala odzipha. Khotilo linakana kuzindikira kuyenera koteroko, kukhazikitsa mayeso a mbali ziŵiri odziŵira zoyenera zofunika zotetezedwa ndi njira yoikidwiratu. Choyamba, ufulu wotchulidwawo uyenera kukhala wozikidwa kwambiri m’mbiri ya Amereka ndi miyambo. Chachiŵiri, kuyenera kufotokozedwa mosamala kupeŵa mawu amene angakope oweruza olakwa. Mlandu umenewu umasonyeza njira yamakono ya khoti yochitira zinthu zofunikira, kugogomezera kuletsa ndi kupenda mbiri yakale.

Mathews v. Eldridge (1976)

Matews v. Eldidge anakhazikitsa mayeso atatu oyenera amene makhoti amagwiritsa ntchito kuti adziwe njira yoyenerera yothetsera vuto la Social Security. Mlanduwu unaphatikizapo kutha kwa vuto la kulephera kwa chitetezo cha anthu popanda kuonekeratu. Khotilo linanena kuti njira yoyeneretsa yochitira zinthu ndi yoyenerera ndi yosavuta ndipo imafunikira kuchepetsa chikondwerero chaumwini, kuopsa kwa kusoŵa zinthu zofunikira pakalipa, ndi kufunitsitsa kwa boma kuchepetsa kuyendetsa bwino zinthu.

Mpumphu ya Nachisanu m’Makonzedwe a Maphunziro

Chitetezero cha Fiference cha chisanu chimakhala m'malo ophunzitsira, chikumafuna kuti masukulu apereke njira zoyenerera pochita zinthu zimene zimakhudza maphunziro a ophunzira. Pamene kuli kwakuti ophunzira samasangalala ndi chitetezo chofanana ndi cha lamulo monga achikulire pa milandu, amakhala ndi ufulu wofunikira m’nkhani zina.

Kutsatira Malangizo a Sukulu

Khoti Lapamwamba linalankhula za ufulu woyenerera wa ophunzira mu Gos v. Lopez (1975). Limati ophunzira a sukulu za boma okakamizidwa ali ndi ufulu walamulo wozindikira ndi kuweruza asanamanidwe maphunziro. Khoti linazindikira kuti maphunziro ndi chiwongola dzanja chotetezedwa ndi ASCLE Proces Claus ndi kuti ophunzira sangathamangitsidwe kapena kuimitsidwa kwa nyengo yaitali popanda zitetezero zazikulu.

Kwa kachitidwe kachidule konga kuvedwa kwa kanthaŵi kwa masiku osakwanira khumi, njira zofunikira nzochepa. Ophunzira ayenera kulandira chidziŵitso cha pakamwa kapena cholembedwa cha milandu yawo ndi mwaŵi wa kupereka machitidwe awo. Kumva kwamwaŵi kumeneku kungachitike mwamsanga pambuyo pa kulingaliridwa kukhala kusadziletsa ndipo kungachitidwe ndi woyang'anira sukulu aliyense amene sanaloŵetsedwe mwachindunji m'chochitikacho.

Pa zochita zazikulu zonga kuthamangitsidwa kapena kuchotsedwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali, ophunzira ali ndi kuyenera kwa zitetezero zazikulu za pulojekiti. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo chidziŵitso cholembedwa cha milandu yonena za munthu wina, kuyenera kwa kutchula mboni ndi umboni wopereka umboni, mwaŵi wakudutsa mboni zotsutsa, kuimira kwa loya kapena wochirikiza, ndi chosankha cholembedwa cholongosola maziko a kachitidwe kalikonse ka chilango kachitidwe.

Wophunzira Wodzipatula pa Ufulu Wodzisankhira M’masukulu

Chitetezero cha Fite Amendment ku kudzivulaza chimagwiranso ntchito m'masukulu, ngakhale kuti ukulu wake umasiyana ndi milandu yauchigaŵenga ya achikulire. Ophunzira amafunsidwa ndi akuluakulu a sukulu ponena za kusadziletsa kwawo angakhale ndi kuyenera kwa kusalankhula ngati mayankho awo angawaike ku mlandu waupandu. Komabe, khoti Lapamwamba lamilandu lanena kuti akuluakulu a sukulu safunikira kupereka machenjezo a Miranda asanafunse ophunzira za kuswa malamulo kumene kungatulutsenso milandu yaupandu.

Zimenezi zimapangitsa mikhalidwe yovuta kumene ophunzira angayang’anizane ndi kuzenga chilango kwa sukulu ndi kufufuza kwaupandu. Ndemanga zoperekedwa kwa akuluakulu a sukulu zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito m’milandu yaupandu, ngakhale kuti akuluakulu a sukulu sanapereke machenjezo a Miranda. Ophunzira ndi mabanja awo ayenera kumvetsetsa zisonkhezero zimenezi ndi kufunafuna uphungu walamulo pamene nkhani za sukulu zigwirizana ndi milandu yothekera ya upandu.

Kutsatira Makonzedwe a Maphunziro Apadera

Associal Education Act (IDEA) imapereka njira zowonjezereka zotetezera ophunzira opunduka kuposa amene afunikira ndi Demendment yachisanu. Malamulo otetezera ameneŵa amaphatikizapo kuyenera kwa makolo kutengamo mbali m'kupanga zosankha za maphunziro, kuyenera kwa programu ya maphunziro a munthu payekha (IEP), kuyenera kwa kutetezera kwa pulogalamu kuphatikizapo kuulutsa ndi kumvetsera, ndi kuyenera kwa kukhalabe m'chigamulo chawo cha maphunziro opitiriza kudzera mu zimene zimadziŵika monga "Seant ".

Oyang'anira sukulu ayenera kuyendetsa bwino malamulo ofunikira ndi kuteteza maphunziro apadera mosamala. Polanga ophunzira olumala, lamulo la boma limaika zofunika zina zimene zimalingalira ngati kusadziletsako kunali chisonyezero cha kupunduka kwa wophunzirayo ndi kaya ngati programu ya maphunziro ya wophunzirayo inalinganizidwa bwino kuti athetse zosoŵa zawo za khalidwe.

Mabuku Othandiza a Aphunzitsi ndi Oyang’anira Sukulu

Kumvetsa zofunika za kukonzanso kwachisanu n’kofunika kwa aphunzitsi ndi oyang’anira sukulu amene amapanga zosankha zolangiza zimene zikukhudza ophunzira. Kulephera kupereka chitetezo chokwanira kungachititse zitokoso za lamulo zimene zimachotsa ntchito za chilango ndi kuchititsa masukulu kukhala ndi mlandu.

Kuti agwirizane ndi malamulo alamulo, sukulu ziyenera kukhazikitsa malamulo omveka bwino amene amalongosola njira zimene ophunzira adzalandira pamlingo uliwonse wa chilango. Malamulo ameneŵa ayenera kulongosola chidziŵitso chimene ophunzira adzalandira, njira yofikira, mwaŵi wa kupereka umboni ndi kuitana mboni, kuyenera kwa kufunsira zosankha zoipa, ndi nthaŵi ya masitepe alionse. Sukulu ziyenera kuphunzitsa antchito onse amene amatenga mbali m'zosankha za malamulo zogwirizana ndi ntchito zawo.

Masukulu ayenera kusunga zolembedwa zolondola za nkhani zonse zoperekedwa, kuphatikizapo milandu yokhudza wophunzirayo, umboni wolingaliridwa, umboni wolandiridwa, ndi maziko a kachitidwe kalikonse kopereka chilango.

Kumaliza

Chikalata cha Fite Amendment’s Access Claus chidakali chimodzi cha zinthu zofunika kwambiri zotetezera m'lamulo la America, kutsimikizira kuti ntchito za boma zokhudza ufulu wa munthu aliyense n’zoyenera. Zofunika zake n’zofunika kuzungulira nthambi zonse za boma ndi ku mbali zambiri za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikizapo maphunziro kumene tsogolo la ophunzira lingakhale logwirizana ndi malamulo a chilango. Kumvetsa kusiyana pakati pa njira zoyenerera zoyendera malamulo, zimene zimatsimikizira njira zolungama, ndi njira yoyenerera, zimene zimateteza ufulu wofunika ku maulamuliro osatsutsika, kukhazikitsa maziko a kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za makhalidwe abwino ameneŵa. Pamene makhoti akupitirizabe kumasulira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a Firstries ku mikhalidwe yatsopano, lonjezo lake lachilungamo lisanakwanirebe lamulo monga mbali ya chilungamo ya ku America.