Kumvetsetsa Malo a Boma: Ndani Amene Amakhoma Pamene Ngozi Ichitika?

Kumvetsetsa Malo a Boma: Ndani Amene Amakhoma Pamene Ngozi Ichitika?

Masoka achilengedwe, ngozi zadzidzidzi, ndi mavuto aakulu a zaumoyo sizimalemekeza malire a dziko. Pamene mphepo yamkuntho igwetsa dziko, kusakaza kwamoto kufalikira m'mudzi, kapena mliri wofalikira m'dziko lonse, funso la amene ali ndi ulamuliro ndi thayo limakhala lofulumira. Yankho lapafupi. Tsoka ku United States limaphatikizapo dongosolo la boma lolinganizidwa bwino, boma, ndi maboma a kumaloko, lililonse lokhala ndi maulamuliro alamulo, chuma, ndi mathayo. Kuzindikira mmene madongosolo a boma ameneŵa aliri ofunika kwa oyang'anira zangozi, atsogoleri a boma, ndi anthu wamba mofanana. Pamene aliyense adziŵa ntchito yawo ndi kuzindikira kachitidwe kachitidwe kake kabwino, kamodzi, kagwiritsiridwe kamodzi, kogwirizana kwambiri, ndi kothandiza kwambiri populumutsa katundu ndi kupulumutsa zinthu.

Dongosolo limene limalamulira kulabadira tsoka ku United States limamangidwa pa mfundo ya boma, kumene mphamvu imagawidwa pakati pa maboma a dziko ndi maboma. Stafford Act, maziko alamulo a chithandizo cha boma, limakhazikitsa njira imene imayamba pamlingo wa kumaloko ndi kuwonjezeka kokha ngati ndalama za boma ndi za boma zagonjetsedwa. Kulinganiza kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti anthu amayesetsa kuyang'anira zoyesayesa zawo pamene ali ndi chichirikizo cha boma pamene akufunikira. Komabe, kuvuta kwa dongosolo lino kungasokoneze, kuchedwa, ndi kusokoneza ngati magulu onse sakonzedwa bwino ndi kugwirizana. Nkhaniyi idzapenda mlingo uliwonse wa boma mwatsatanetsatane, kupenda mmene amachitira zinthu mogwirizana ndi mavuto, ndi kuchotsa maphunziro aakulu pa ngozi zimene zapanga.

Mmene Anthu Akukhalirako: Oyamba Kulabadira ndi Oyamba Kulamulira

Boma la kumaloko ndilo njira yoyambirira ya kuyankha tsoka. Pamene mphepo yamkuntho igwetsa, kutayika kwa makemikolo kuchitika, kapena chigumula chiyamba kukwera, ndi dipatimenti ya apolisi yakumaloko, yozimitsa moto, mautumiki a zachipatala, ndi antchito a anthu onse amene alabadira choyamba. Mabungwe ameneŵa ali pafupi kwambiri ndi chochitikacho, amadziŵa chitaganya ndi chuma chake, ndipo amaphunzitsidwa kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga popanda kuyembekezera chilolezo kuchokera ku mlingo wapamwamba wa boma. M’zochitika zambiri, boma la kumaloko limakhalabe ndi ulamuliro wotsogolera pa chivomerezo chonse ndi njira yachichiritso, ngakhale pamene boma ndi chuma chake zikubweretsedwa kuti zithandize.

Maudindo a Boma Lakumeneko

Mathayo a boma lakwawo pa nthawi ya tsoka ndi aakulu kwambiri. Choyamba, makampani a zamwadzidzidzi amathandiza kwambiri kuti anthu atetezeke mwamsanga. Apolisi amateteza madera amene akhudzidwa, magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu za ozimitsa moto zikuyenda bwino. Ozimitsa moto amafufuza ndi kupulumutsa anthu, amakhala ndi zinthu zoopsa, ndiponso amazima moto. Othandiza anthu ovulala ndi onyamula anthu amene akufunikira chithandizo chapamwamba.

Pambuyo pa yankho la mwamsanga, maboma akumaloko ali ndi thayo la kukonzekera ndi kuchepetsa. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuyambitsa ndi kusunga makonzedwe a ngozi, kuchititsa kuyeseza ndi kulimbitsa thupi kwanthaŵi zonse, kuphunzitsa anthu za njira zopulumukira ndi malo obisala, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo opangira kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa ngozi zachilengedwe. Maboma a kumaloko amayang'aniranso machenjezo a ngozi, monga ngati maalamu a mphete, kubwereranso 911, ndi machenjeze amwadzidzidzi, zimene zimapereka chidziŵitso chovuta kwa anthu okhalako asanakhale ndi mkati mwa tsoka.

Akuluakulu osankhidwa a kumaloko, monga mameya ndi mameya a bungwe la mzinda, amachita mbali yaikulu m'kupanga zosankha ndi kulankhulana kwapoyera. Ali ndi ulamuliro wa kupereka malamulo othamangitsa anthu, kukhazikitsa madeti a panyumba, malo osungirako ngozi, ndi kupempha thandizo kwa boma. Kulankhulana kwamphamvu kwa atsogoleri a m'dziko nkofunika kuti anthu apitirizebe kuwadalira ndi kutsimikizira kuti anthu azichita zinthu zotetezera. Pamene akuluakulu a boma apereka momvekera bwino, panthaŵi yake, ndi chidziŵitso cholongosoka, anthu amakhala othekera kwambiri kutsatira malamulo oletsa kuthaŵa ndi malangizo ena otetezera.

Kuchepa kwa Mphamvu ya Malo

Pamene kuli kwakuti maboma a kumaloko ali oyamba kuyankha, iwo samakhala okonzeka nthaŵi zonse kusamalira masoka aakulu okha. Matauni aang'ono ndi mamudzi angakhale ndi ziŵerengero zochepa za ozimitsa moto, apolisi, ndi antchito a zachipatala. Zonga ngati zida zopulumutsira zazikulu, madongosolo a kulankhulana, ndi magalimoto apadera angakhale opereŵera. Ngati tsoka liposa mphamvu ya dziko, boma la kumaloko liyenera kupempha thandizo kuchokera ku mlingo wa boma. Kuyendetsa kumeneku kuli mbali yachibadwa ndi yoyembekezeredwa ya dongosolo la kuyendetsa ngozi, ndipo kumachititsa dongosolo lapadera la zopereka katundu ndi kugwirizanitsa zinthu zimene zimapangitsa maluso owonjezereka kunyamula.

Chiyeso cha Boma: Kugwirizana, Chuma, ndi Ulamuliro

Boma likutumikira monga mlatho wosuliza pakati pa anthu a m’deralo ndi chuma cha boma. Pamene tsoka lapitirira mphamvu ya dzikolo, boma limatenga mgwirizano ndi mbali yothandiza yofunikira kusungitsa dongosolo ndi kutsimikizira kuti ndalama ziyendere kumene zikufunika kwambiri. Kazembe ndi amene ali wamkulu pa kuyankha kwa tsoka la boma, wokhala ndi ulamuliro waukulu pansi pa lamulo la boma ndi Stafford Act kuti achite zimene maboma sangathe kuchita.

Mkulu wa Mphamvu ndi Boma la Emest ndi Boma la za meeme osoŵa pansi pa ulamuliro. Ilo limalola kuti boma lilole ntchito za kazembe za boma kutumiza ndi kuthandizira kwamphamvu kwa boma kulengeza mkhalidwe wangozi. Chilengezo chimalengeza chilengezo cha boma ndi kulengeza ulamuliro walamulo ndi kuyendetsa malamulo a boma lalamulo pansi pa ulamuliro.

Boma lililonse limasunga bungwe lake loyang'anira zangozi, lomwe ndi bungwe loyambirira loyang'anira zatsoka pa mlingo wa boma. Mabungwe ameneŵa, monga Office ya California’s Emergency Services (Cal OES) kapena Texas Division of Emergency Management Management (TDEM), ali ndi udindo woyambitsa ndi kukonza njira zangozi, kuyang'anira malo a zamwadzidzidzi, kugwirizanitsa ndi maboma a boma, ndi kupempha ndi kugaŵira chuma kuchokera ku boma. Mabungwe a boma akuchititsanso maphunziro ndi kukonza ndi kukonza makampani a zangozi a m'dzikolo ndi kupereka chithandizo cha makompyuta pa mapulogalamu a za zamwazi.

Kugwirizana kwa Maluso ndi Kuthandizana

Chimodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za boma pa nthawi ya tsoka ndicho kugwirizanitsa anthu. Pamene boma lipempha thandizo, bungwe la boma loyang’anira zadzidzidzi limagwira ntchito kukwaniritsa pempholo kuchokera ku zinthu za boma kapena mwa mapangano ena. Maboma a Emergency Management Implation Company (EMAC) ndi pangano lofunika kwambiri lothandizana ndi mayiko omwe amalola kuti anthu a m’mayikowo agaŵane, zipangizo, ndi zinthu zina zofunikira pa nthawi ya masoka. EMAC wagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa nthawi ya mphepo, yamoto, ndi zochitika zina zazikulu, zomwe zimatheketsa maboma kutumiza ozimitsa moto, apolisi, ndi ziwitso zina kuti ziyambukire madera mwamsanga ndiponso mwa chipambano.

Maboma amachitanso mbali yaikulu posamalira nkhani za anthu pakagwa tsoka. Mabungwe a boma amathandiza kuti anthu azitha kutumiza mauthenga osiyanasiyana m’mayiko osiyanasiyana komanso m’mayiko osiyanasiyana. Zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti anthu amalandira chidziŵitso chosasintha, cholondola, kaya ndi boma liti limene likuwapatsa. Madipatimenti a zaumoyo, madipatimenti a zoyendera, ndi mabungwe a zachilengedwe alinso ndi mbali zapadera pothandiza pa ngozi, kusamalira nkhani zonga ngati kuyang’anira matenda, kutseka kwa misewu, ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala.

Chiyeso cha Malonda: Chichilikizo ndi Ziŵiya Zapadera

Boma la boma limaloŵa m'chithunzi cha tsoka pamene boma ndi chuma cha kumaloko zili zosakwanira kukwaniritsa zosoŵa za mkhalidwewo. Pansi pa Stafford Act, Prezidenti ali ndi ulamuliro wa kulengeza tsoka lalikulu kapena ngozi, imene imatsegulira maprogramu ambiri a chithandizo cha boma. Kuli kofunika kuzindikira kuti boma silimalanda yankholo; mmalo mwake, limachirikiza boma ndi maboma akumaloko, amene amapitirizabe kulamulira maulamuliro awo.

FEMA ndi Ntchito Yosasintha ya Dziko Lonse

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ndi bungwe lotsogolera la boma la kuyankha tsoka ndi kukonzanso. FEMA imagwirizanitsa ntchito za madipatimenti ndi mabungwe a boma oposa 20 amene ali ndi mbali m'kuyankha tsoka, kuphatikizapo Dipatimenti ya zachitetezo, Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Mautumiki a Anthu, Dipatimenti ya Zoyendera, ndi Army Corps of Engineers. Mathayo aakulu a bungwe la FEMA amaphatikizapo kupereka chithandizo cha ndalama kwa boma ndi maboma akomweko kuti ayankhe ndi kukonzanso zoyesayesa, kuphatikizapo Dipatimenti ya zachiteteshoni ya za boma, ndi kuyang'anira maprogramuzira a magetsi a anthu ndi mabanja.

National Response Framework (NRF) ndi chikalata chotsogolera mmene boma limalinganizirira zoyesayesa zake zatsoka. NRF imakhazikitsa malamulo, ntchito, ndi nyumba zimene zimatheketsa magawo onse a boma kugwira ntchito pamodzi. Imamangidwa ku Incident Leadern System (ICS), njira yoyendetsera yoperekera lamulo ndi chinenero chofala kwa onse omvera. NRF imamasuliranso ntchito za mabungwe a boma, magulu a makampani osakhala a makampani, ndi antchito odzifunira kuyankha tsoka, kuzindikira kuti kuyendetsa ngozi kumafuna njira yamphamvu.

Programu za Chithandizo cha Federal

Chithandizo cha Federal pa nthaŵi ya tsoka chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri. programu ya FEMA ya pulogalamu ya pulogalamu ya boma ndi ya kumaloko yopereka ndalama zokonzera ndi kubwezeretsa nyumba zowonongeka, monga misewu, maulalo, masukulu, ndi malo operekera madzi. Imodzi mwa , imapereka chithandizo cha ndalama kwa anthu ndi mabanja a nyumba, katundu wa munthu payekha, ndi zinthu zina zofunikira pa ngozi. Haza Mitigation Grant Program imapatsa ndalama anthu a m'maprojekiti omwe amachepetsa ngozi zamtsogolo, monga kukweza nyumba m'mabwinja, kulimbitsa nyumba zomantha ndi zivome, kapena kupanga malo otetezeka m'malo otentha m'malo otentha kwambiri.

Boma la boma limaperekanso ukatswiri ndi chuma chapadera zimene sizipezeka pamlingo wa boma kapena wa dzikolo. Gulu la asilikali la United States la Anjinia limapereka chithandizo ndi kumanga, kuphatikizapo nyumba zotsala, kuchotsa zinyalala, ndi kuyendetsa madzi. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) imatumiza ofufuza matenda ndi ochirikiza malo osungiramo zaumoyo panthaŵi ya ngozi. Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ndi ya Human Services imapereka chithandizo cha National Disatage Medical Sy , chimene chimaphatikizapo magulu a madokotala, manesi, ndi akatswiri ena a zachipatala amene angayambitse zipatala ndi kupereka chithandizo cha mankhwala m'malo a madera opangika.

Kulankhulana ndi Kugwirizana: Mfungulo ya Chivomerezo Chabwino

Ngati mabungwe a boma, boma, boma, ndi dziko lakwawoko agaŵana chidziŵitso, kugwirizanitsa ntchito zawo, ndi kugwirira ntchito ku zolinga zofanana, kuchitapo kanthuko kumafulumira, kogwira ntchito, ndiponso kothandiza kwambiri. Kulankhulana kukatha, zotsatira zake zingakhale zoopsa. Zimene taphunzira pa masoka akale zathandiza kwambiri kuwongolera mmene maboma amalankhulirana ndi kugwirizana panthaŵi ya mavuto.

Mabungwe Ogwirizana a Boma

Njira yoyamba yogwirizanitsa zinthu za boma pa nthawi ya tsoka ndi malo angozi (EOC). Malo akwawo, boma, ndi EOC amagwirizanitsidwa pa zochitika zazikulu ndipo amatumikira monga malo apakati a kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso, kuyang'anira chuma, ndi kupanga zosankha. Oimira a mabungwe ambiri amagwira ntchito ku EOC, kugawana chidziŵitso chenicheni cha nthaŵi yake ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito zawo. Kugwirizana kumeneku kwa antchito kuchokera ku mlingo wosiyana wa boma ndi kuswa malamulo osiyanasiyana ndipo kuchititsa kuti gulu la zigaŵeruzo zikhale zopinga mofulumira ndipo zitheketsa vuto.

Kuphunzitsa anthu ndi njira ina yofunika kwambiri yothandizira kuti boma lizigwirizana. Kuphunzira nthawi zonse kumene kumafuna boma, boma, ndi mabungwe a m’deralo kumathandiza kuti anthu onse amvetse bwino ntchito zawo ndi udindo wawo ndipo angagwire ntchito limodzi motsatira zochitika zenizeni. Kulimbitsa thupi kumayambira pa kukambirana zinthu zongoyerekezera mpaka kujambula kwamphamvu zimene zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito antchito ndi zipangizo. Kumeneku kumathandizanso kuona malire ndi kufooka kwa njira zimene zingayendetsedwe ngozi yeniyeni isanachitike.

Kugaŵana Chidziŵitso ndi Luso la Zamakono

Luso lamakono lathandiza kwambiri kuti maboma azitha kuuzana zinthu panthawi ya masoka. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) olola anthu kujambula malo amene akukhudzidwa, kudziŵikitsa anthu ovutika, ndi kuyang'ana kayendedwe ka ngozi panthaŵi yeniyeni. Mapulatifomu oyendera pa Intaneti monga FEMA Indident Information Dignapboard ndi makhoswe a boma amathandiza kwambiri kuti anthu azitha kugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi anthu a m’boma. Oulutsa nkhani za chikhalidwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kulankhulira ndi anthu onse, kuyang'anira zochitika, ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito. Komabe, luso la zopangapanga zinthu sili zokwanira. Trust, kuyanjana, ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa a zaunika kuti atsimikizire kuti chidziŵitso chikwane ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira.

Kufufuza Zoopsa: Zimene Tikuphunzirapo pa Masoka Aakulu

Kufufuza za masoka achilengedwe kumatithandiza kudziwa bwino mmene boma limachitira zinthu pakagwa mavuto komanso zimene zingasokonezeke ngati mgwirizano wa anthu ukulephera.

Mphepo ya Katrina (2005)

Mphepo ya mkuntho yotchedwa Katrina ndi imene inadziwikabe kuti inawononga kwambiri anthu a boma pa August 29, 2005.

Pa mlingo wa boma, FEMA anasulizidwa chifukwa cha kuchedwa kuzindikira ukulu wa mkhalidwewo ndi kulephera kugwirizanitsa mogwira mtima ndi boma ndi maulamuliro a kumaloko. Woyang'anira wa bungwelo panthaŵiyo, Michael Brown, anaonedwa kukhala wosakonzekera kaamba ka tsokalo. Dipatimenti ya Defector inachedwetsa kutumizidwa kwa asilikali okangalika, pamene kuli kwakuti National Guard adayang'anizana ndi malamulo ndi kuyang'anira chifukwa chakuti magulu ena anali pansi pa ulamuliro pamene ena anali olamulidwa ndi boma. Madongosolo a kulankhulana analephera mwatsoka, kusiya oyankha ndi anthu opanda chidziŵitso chodalirika kwa masiku angapo.

Pa mlingo wa boma, Kazembe Kathleen Blanco anasulizidwa chifukwa cha kuchedwa kupempha thandizo la boma ndi kusakhazikitsa mokwanira dongosolo la boma loyang’anira zangozi. Kuyankha kwa boma kunaletsedwa ndi kusalinganiza ndi kugwirizanitsana ndi maboma a m’deralo, makamaka mzinda wa New Orleans. Ku mlingo wa kumaloko, New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin anapereka lamulo loletsa kuthaŵa la boma koma analibe mapulani okhoza kupangitsa anthu osoŵa zoyendera. Anthu zikwi zambiri anatsala osoŵa chakudya m'chigawo cha Superdome ndi m'Bungwe la Convention , madzi, kapena chisamaliro chamankhwala.

Kulephera kwa mphepo ya mkuntho Katrina kunayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu m'kayendetsedwe ka ngozi. Pambuyo pa msonkhano wa Public - Katrina Emergency Management Act ya 2006, inakonzanso FEMA , kuipatsa mphamvu ndi chuma chochuluka. Pangano la National Reformation Framework linakonzedwanso kuti afotokoze ntchito ndi maudindo. Lingaliro la "chitaganya chonse" linabuka, kugogomezera kufunika kwa ntchito ya munthu aliyense, kusafuna phindu, ndi mabungwe a m'chitaganya pokonzekera ndi pochitapo kanthu. Maphunziro a Katrina akupitirizabe kudziŵitsa ntchito yoyang'anira ngozi mpaka pano.

Ku California moto wa m’maluwa (207 - 2018)

Nyengo zamoto wadzaoneni za 2017 ndi 2018 ku California zinaonetsa kuti kuphana kwa boma kunali kothandiza kwambili. Camp Fire, imene inawononga tauni ya Paradaiso mu November 2018, inali moto woopsa kwambiri komanso wowononga kwambiri m’mbiri ya California, kupha anthu 85 ndi kuwononga nyumba zoposa 18,000. Ngakhale kuti ngoziyi inawonongeka kwambiri, anthu ambiri anaiyamikira chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwake, kugwirizanitsa kwake, ndiponso kuiwononga kwake.

Bwana Jerry Brown analengeza boma la ngozi mwamsanga, limene linalola kusonkhanitsa mofulumira zinthu za boma. Ofesi ya California ya Emergency Services (Cal OES) inayambitsa malo ake ogwirira ntchito ndi kuyamba kugwirizana ndi madipatimenti a moto a kumaloko, mabungwe osungitsa malamulo, ndi antchito a boma patapita maola angapo kuchokera pa moto. Bomalo linasonkhezeranso Emergency Management Alternation Community, kubweretsa magulu a ozimitsa moto ochokera ku maiko ena kuti athandize kumenyana ndi moto.

FEMA inathandiza mwamsanga ndiponso mwaluso, kusonyeza kuwonjezeka kwa mgwirizano wa boma umene unayambika katrina. Bungweli linatumiza magulu oyang'anira zochitika, linathandiza anthu ndi mabanja mwa zachuma, ndipo linagwira ntchito ndi akuluakulu a boma ndi a m'deralo kugwirizanitsa ntchito. Mabungwe oonetsetsa za malamulo a ku Butte County anatha kuthaŵa bwino kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kuti chiŵerengero cha anthu amene anafa chinali choopsa kwambiri, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti njira zothandizira ndi kuchenjeza zinapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu ambiri. Kuyankha kwa madera a ku California kunasonyeza kuti pamene magulu onse a boma akugwira ntchito pamodzi ndi kulankhulana kothandiza kwambiri, ngakhale masoka owononga kwambiri angayende bwino kwambiri.

COVID-19 Pandemic (2020 - 2023)

Mliri wa Chovid-19 unabweretsa vuto lapadera pa kuthana ndi ngozi za boma chifukwa umakhudza dziko lililonse ndi malo amodzi, omwe sapezeka kamodzi pa masoka achilengedwe. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti pakhale zinthu zambiri zimene zikufunika ndiponso zinayesa mmene njira yoyendera chigawo chakumeneko ingathere.

Mliriwu unagogomezera zonse ziŵiri nyonga ndi kufooka m'dongosolo lamakono. Kuchiyambiyambi kwa tsokalo, panali chisokonezo chachikulu ponena za ukulu wa boma umene unali ndi ulamuliro wa kukhazikitsa malamulo a panyumba, kuvala zophimba, ndi kulamulira kugaŵiridwa kwa mankhwala ndi akatemera. M'maiko ena anatulutsa malamulo a boma, pamene maboma a m'maiko ena anatsatira malamulo awoawo, kutsogolera ku ntchito ya malamulo imene inasokoneza anthu ndi kusokoneza kachitidwe kake.

Boma la boma, kupyolera mwa CDC ndi FEMA, linapereka chitsogozo ndi chuma koma linayang'anizana ndi chisulizo kaamba ka kulephera kwa kugaŵidwa kwa zipangizo zotetezera zaumwini ndi zopimira. Kugaŵiridwa kwa katemera chakumapeto kwa 2020 ndi 2021 kunafunikira kugwirizana kosayerekezereka pakati pa boma, boma, ndi maboma akumaloko, limodzinso ndi apadera osamalira zaumoyo ndi a zamankhwala. Chipambano cha katemerayo chinasonyeza kuti pamene dongosolo la katemera limagwira ntchito monga momwe linalinganizidwira, lingapeze zotulukapo zodabwitsa, koma kulakwa koyambirira kwa mlirinso kumasonyeza kuti pali mpata wa kuwongolera m'kagwirizanitsidwa kwa boma.

Zimene Nzika Ziyenera Kudziŵa: Chitsogozo Chothandiza pa Kuyankha Tsoka

Kudziwa mmene boma limachitira zinthu pakagwa tsoka si kungophunzira chabe, koma kungathandize anthu wamba kudziwa kuti ngati pachitika ngozi, akudziwa amene angawauze, kuti adziwe zimene ayenera kuchita kuti athandizidwe komanso mmene angathandizire anthu ena.

Boma la kumaloko liyenera kukhala loyamba kukumana ndi anthu pakagwa ngozi. Apolisi a m'deralo, moto, ndi mautumiki a zachipatala ndi amene amayankha mofulumira kwambiri ndiponso amene amadziwika ndi mikhalidwe yakwawo. Akuluakulu a boma amatumiza maoda othawa, malo otsegulira, ndi kupereka chidziŵitso chonena za kutseka kwa msewu ndi ngozi zina. Anthu ayenera kusaina kuti aone madongosolo a zamwadzidzidzi akwawo, amene amatumiza machenjezo ndi kukonza mwachindunji mafoni awo ndi maimelo. Webusaiti [FLT: 0] Yakutsegula.gov ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yophunzirirapo za kukonzekera za ngozi zapam'tsogolo.

Ngati ndalama za boma zachuluka ndipo pakufunika thandizo lowonjezereka, boma limakhala gwero lalikulu la chithandizo. Mabungwe oyang'anira ngozi a boma amasunga mawebusaiti ndi malo otentha amene amapereka chidziŵitso chonena za maprogramu a chithandizo cha tsoka, malo osungirako malo, ndi zipangizo zothandizira. Bomalo limagwirizanitsanso kutumizidwa kwa asilikali a National Guard, amene angapereke chitetezo, zoyendera, ndi chichirikizo. Pansi pa boma la zamwadzidzidzi, nzika ziyenera kuyang'anira njira za kukonza ndi kukonza malangizo ofunika kwambiri.

Pamene Pulezidenti alengeza tsoka lalikulu, FEMA imakhala yopezeka kupereka chithandizo chachindunji kwa anthu ndi mabanja. Thandizo limeneli lingaphatikizepo ndalama za nyumba ya kanthaŵi, kukonza nyumba, ndi zowonongedwa zina zochititsidwa ndi tsoka. Anthu angapemphere thandizo la pa Intaneti kudzera pa webusaiti ya bungwe pa FEMA.

Pomalizira pake, nzika ziyenera kuzindikira kuti kuyankha tsoka ndi udindo wogawana. Mabungwe onse a boma amachita mbali yawo, koma anthu ndi anthu a m'madera osiyanasiyana amachitanso ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kukhala ndi makonzedwe a ngozi, kukonza zipangizo zoperekera tsoka, kukhalabe odziwa za ngozi za kumaloko, ndi kutenga nawo mbali m'ntchito za anthu onse ndizo njira zofunika zimene aliyense angatsatire. National Oceanic ndi Atmospheric Administration (NOA) imapereka machenjezo ndi chidziŵitso cha chisanu ndi ngozi kudzera mu Department moral [FLD 1:1], ndi maprogramumboni a American Red Cross Cros akupereka chuma ndi maphunziro.

Kumaliza: Dongosolo Lomangidwa pa Mgwirizano

Dongosolo lakubwezera tsoka ku United States nlovuta, koma lazikidwa pa mfundo yabwino: kulamulira kwa kumaloko ndi chichirikizo cha boma ndi boma. Njira ya pansi imeneyi imatsimikizira kuti anthu amene amadziŵa bwino kwambiri zigawo zawo apanga zosankha, pamene akumaperekabe kuchuluka kwa chuma ndi luso la boma lokulirapo pamene kuli kofunika. Dongosololi layesedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi masoka aakulu, ndipo pamene silinachitidwe bwino nthaŵi zonse, vuto lililonse latulutsa maphunziro amene achititsa kuti likhale lolimba.

Chinsinsi cha kuyankha bwino tsoka si kungokhazikitsa malamulo oyenerera, mapulani, ndi chuma. Zilinso za kumanga maunansi ndi kukhulupirirana pakati pa anthu amene amagwira ntchito pa mlingo uliwonse wa boma. Pamene mamanejala a zamwadzidzidzi, osankhidwa, akuluakulu a boma, ndi oyamba kuvomerezana adziŵana, amalankhulana nthaŵi zonse, ndi kuyendera limodzi, iwo ali othekera kwambiri kugwira ntchito monga gulu pamene chitsenderezo chilipo. Chifukwa chake, kupitiriza kutsatsa malonda m'kaungwe, maphunziro, ndi maprojekiti nkofunika.

Pomalizira pake, kubwezera tsoka ndi thayo logawana lomwe silimangophatikizapo boma lokha komanso mbali ya anthu okha, mabungwe osafuna phindu, ndi nzika. Mliri wa moto wa ku California, mphepo ya mkuntho Katrina, ndi zochitika zina zosaŵerengeka zasonyeza kuti pamene mbali zonse za chitaganya zigwirizana ndi cholinga chimodzi, ngakhale masoka owononga kwambiri angagonjetsedwe. Kumvetsetsa ntchito ndi mathayo a boma lililonse ndi njira yoyamba yokonzekera kaamba ka vuto lotsatira.